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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1991

Mohammad Hamza, H. Morel and J.P. Chante

A full consistent discretization scheme of the improved carrier density, momentum‐ and energy‐conservation equations is presented. The carrier heat flux as well as the convection…

Abstract

A full consistent discretization scheme of the improved carrier density, momentum‐ and energy‐conservation equations is presented. The carrier heat flux as well as the convection and recombination terms are considered. The convection terms are averaged and then the differential constitutive relations of the current density and the energy flux are solved. The proposed discretization scheme generalizes the Scharfetter‐Gummel (S‐G) difference approximation to the generalized hydrodynamic model (HDM). On the basis of this scheme the hydrodynamic equations (HDE's) are solved for both electrons and holes. The transport of hot carriers in the p‐i‐n diode is investigated over a large scale of biasing values. The electric field distribution is not severely purturbed by the hot electron effects up to the medium biasing range. However, the minority carrier distribution is significantly affected by the carrier temperature‐gradients near the space‐charge‐regions. The minority carriers that are diffused to the edge of depleted regions are heated and if the carrier temperature gradient is sufficiently strong they diffuse back to the neutral cold region rather than to be captured by the electric field as known from the standard DDM theory.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 10 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1985

V. BOISSON, M. LE HELLEY and J.P. CHANTE

This paper describes the algorithm used to perform numerical simulation on reverse biased planar junctions. The two‐dimensional Poisson's equation is solved using the…

Abstract

This paper describes the algorithm used to perform numerical simulation on reverse biased planar junctions. The two‐dimensional Poisson's equation is solved using the finite‐difference method. The program allows one to simulate all kinds of peripheries such as field‐plates, field limiting rings and surface implantations in planar structures. The advantages of this program are the wide use of graphic techniques and the possibility of refining the mesh locally. Results of simulation will be presented in the last section.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 4 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Article
Publication date: 7 August 2017

Krzysztof Górecki and Paweł Górecki

This paper aims to propose the electrothermal dynamic model of the insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) for SPICE.

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to propose the electrothermal dynamic model of the insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) for SPICE.

Design/methodology/approach

The electrothermal model of this device (IGBT), which takes into account both electrical and thermal phenomena, is described. Particularly, the sub-threshold operation of this device is considered and electrical, and thermal inertia of this device is taken into account. Attention was focused on the influence of electrical and thermal inertia on waveforms of terminal voltages of the considered transistor operating in the switching circuit and on waveforms of the internal temperature of this device.

Findings

The correctness of the presented model is verified experimentally and a good agreement of the calculated and measured electrical and thermal characteristics of the considered device is obtained.

Research limitations/implications

The presented model can be used for different types of IGBT, but it is dedicated for SPICE software only.

Originality/value

The form of the worked out model is presented and the results of experimental verification of this model are shown.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 34 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1968

ALTHOUGH the first Public Libraries (Scotland) Act was placed on the Statute Book in 1853, it was not until 1899 that the Corporation of the City of Glasgow was empowered to…

Abstract

ALTHOUGH the first Public Libraries (Scotland) Act was placed on the Statute Book in 1853, it was not until 1899 that the Corporation of the City of Glasgow was empowered to establish and maintain public libraries throughout the city. Between 1876 and 1897 four attempts were made to secure public approval for the adoption of the Public Libraries (Scotland) Acts, but when all these efforts proved unsuccessful, the Corporation decided in June, 1888 to include in a Local Bill for submission to Parliament, certain clauses conferring upon themselves the power to become a library authority. Promoted in 1899, the Bill became known as the Glasgow Corporation (Tramways, Libraries, etc.) Act 1899, and the library clauses passed through Parliament without opposition and received Royal Assent on 1st August, 1899. The powers conferred by this Local Act empowered the Corporation:

Details

New Library World, vol. 69 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1947

OUR good custom, as we deem it, to wish our readers a larger measure of happiness and success than heretofore we repeat for 1947. There are many signs in the libraries to give…

Abstract

OUR good custom, as we deem it, to wish our readers a larger measure of happiness and success than heretofore we repeat for 1947. There are many signs in the libraries to give encouragement to the hope that they, the libraries, are now so well established everywhere that the old evils of complete disregard, penury and restriction will not recur and that, gradually but surely, the aims and the purpose for which we stand will be realized. That they may be so for all readers of The Library World is, we believe, the best possible New Year wish.

Details

New Library World, vol. 49 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1908

THE fact that an English librarian was asked to describe the work of British municipal libraries, to audiences in Antwerp and Brussels, may be taken as a certain indication that a…

Abstract

THE fact that an English librarian was asked to describe the work of British municipal libraries, to audiences in Antwerp and Brussels, may be taken as a certain indication that a change is impending in the library world of Belgium. At the invitation of M. Frans Gittens, city librarian, Antwerp, acting on behalf of the Foundation for the Permanent Endowment of the Communal Library and Plantin‐Moretus Museum, and M. Paul Otlet, secretary‐general of the International Institute of Bibliography, Brussels, I had the honour and pleasure of lecturing on English library work and conditions to representative audiences greatly interested in the subject. This, it is understood, is the first time an English librarian has been invited to lecture on such a subject on any part of the Continent, and I certainly felt it a great honour and privilege to be thus selected for such a congenial task. The language difficulty was luckily no great bar, as most of my audiences, both Flemish and French, understood English quite well. In addition, the International Institute of Bibliography had printed a translation of the lecture, as No. 92 of its publications, and this was issued as a twenty‐two page pamphlet entitled Les Bibliothèques municipales en Angleterre, and distributed at Brussels. At Antwerp the programme also contained translations of the titles and remarks about the lantern slides, so that everything was made easy for one who has always deplored his inability to acquire the art of speaking foreign languages. As a further instance of the care and thoughtfulness exercised to provide for my comfort, I should acknowledge the kindness of M. Eugeen Everaerts, town librarian of Ostend, who, on representations from his colleague at Antwerp, met the steamer and passed me and my “projections” through the Custom House without trouble. There is no doubt that our Belgian friends have the knack of making strangers feel thoroughly at home. I am not likely to forget the kindness and hospitality of M. W. von Mallinckrodt, chairman of the Permanent Endowment Commission at Antwerp, who, with his charming wife, invited me to a lunch at which some of the chief residents were present, including Sir Cecil Hertslet, H.B.M. Consul‐General; Mr. Diedrich, the American Consul‐General; M. Henri Hymans, chief librarian of the Royal Library at Brussels; M. Max Rooses, of the Plantin Museum; M. Frans Gittens, with some members of his staff; and other gentlemen connected with the city and municipality of Antwerp. The same kindly hospitality was extended by M. Gittens, of Antwerp, and M. Otlet, at Brussels, and everything was done by all with whom I came in contact to make me feel at ease and nothing of a stranger. In fact it is impossible for anyone who has read Scott, Brontë and Conscience to feel like a stranger in Belgium. The lecture at Antwerp was given in the large and finely decorated hall of the Cercle Royal Artistique, Littéraire et Scientifique d'Anvers, a kind of general Arts Club combining the functions of places like the London Institution with those of an ordinary social club. The hall was capable of seating 1,000 persons, and was rather beyond my poor powers as an elocutionist. About 600 people attended, of whom a large number understood English, and my lecture, luckily for my audience, largely pictorial, was very well received. There was no preliminary introduction of any kind, and my “turn” came on after a concert had been about half heard. The following programme will give an idea of the kind of mixed entertainment which brought out 600 people on a snowy winter's afternoon:—

Details

New Library World, vol. 10 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

Article
Publication date: 28 September 2017

Heather Hill and Jen J.L. Pecoskie

Fanfiction communities are actively engaged in creating cultural products. These large online communities have created and developed conventions that guide their solutions to…

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Abstract

Purpose

Fanfiction communities are actively engaged in creating cultural products. These large online communities have created and developed conventions that guide their solutions to gathering and presenting their work. The purpose of this paper is to investigate those conventions looking for evidence of information-related pursuits as serious leisure (SL) (Stebbins, 2007).

Design/methodology/approach

A diverse collection of fanfiction publishing platforms, blogs, and associated websites were subject to a qualitative inductive analysis (Lincoln and Guba, 1985). Platforms included both generalist sites like Archive of Our Own and more focused sites such as Teen Wolf Fic Finder.

Findings

Findings show significant information-related activities around collecting, wayfinding, and organizing. Collecting centers on platform policies focused on scope. Wayfinding relates to peer review as well as various reference-like work including reader’s advisory, reference questioning, and the creation of pathfinders. Organizing looks to the unique organizational schema created and used by the fanfiction communities.

Research limitations/implications

The authors explore implications of these activities in reference to the fanfiction community and the library and information science (LIS) discipline. The fanfiction community is shifting out of an ephemeral existence and into one of a more permanent digital heritage. Fanfiction is an SL pursuit that also has much to offer for consideration to the LIS discipline.

Practical implications

With respect to the wayfinding and organizing conventions of fanfiction communities, these activities provide librarianship with the opportunity to consider traditional activities in new ways.

Originality/value

Fanfiction is a little studied phenomenon in SL and in LIS. This research provides connections to both areas.

Details

Journal of Documentation, vol. 73 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 December 1967

ANYONE who might have looked in at one of the windows of the “pavilion” at Churchill College in Cambridge in the late evening of September 11th, 1967, would have witnessed a…

26

Abstract

ANYONE who might have looked in at one of the windows of the “pavilion” at Churchill College in Cambridge in the late evening of September 11th, 1967, would have witnessed a rather remarkable event—a group of British and Scandinavian librarians performing with great sincerity a stirring musical interpretation of “Bobby Bingo”, using a variety of instruments ranging from potato pots and wine glasses to combs and human voices.

Details

New Library World, vol. 69 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1966

Par René Duchet

I. Dans les transformations en cours qui changent la face du monde, qui modifient de plus en plus profondément nos rapports avec la nature, avec les autres, avec nous‐mêmes…

Abstract

I. Dans les transformations en cours qui changent la face du monde, qui modifient de plus en plus profondément nos rapports avec la nature, avec les autres, avec nous‐mêmes, l'expansion du tourisme, son développement à l'échelle planétaire est sans doute un des faits les plus importants, sur le plan économique, sur le plan social, sur le plan international. Jamais encore les migrations touristiques n'avaient mis en mouvement de telles masses d'hommes.

Details

The Tourist Review, vol. 21 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0251-3102

Content available
Book part
Publication date: 24 August 2023

Christopher W. Mullins

Abstract

Details

A Socio-Legal History of the Laws of War
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78769-858-1

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