Search results

The fluorescence of organic dyes is associated with the individual molecules of the dyes, and in order for them to fluoresce efficiently, they must be molecularly dissolved and in fairly low concentrations from about 1 to 4%. In the pure solid state or in very concentrated solutions the dyes have almost no fluorescence and appear as dark or dirty red, yellow and green powders or solutions. The individual molecules of the dyes are so close together that they simply quench or reabsorb their own fluorescent light. Since the dyes are organic in nature it is necessary to have a medium or carrier in order to put them into solution, and to have a pigment it is necessary that this medium be a solid. The type of material which meets these requirements for the dyes is an organic resin, and daylight fluorescent pigments are actually transparent organic resin particles containing dyes in solution which are capable of fluorescing.

Within the past few years, responsible educators, librarians, parents, counselors, social workers, therapists, and religious groups of all sexual persuasions and lifestyles have recognized the need for readily available reading material for lesbian and gay youth. Unfortunately, this material is often buried, because it is embedded in larger works. To meet this need, I have compiled and annotated 100 of the best works for young homosexuals, bisexuals, and heterosexuals. I have also included a few of the best works currently available on heterosexuality as a much needed source of knowledge for all young adults whether they are gay or straight, whether they remain childless or eventually become parents.

ABM Chemicals Ltd is exhibiting its range of photosensitisers for uv curing including the Glocure benzoin ethers. These highly cost effective materials ensure maximum utilisation of uv energy for the polymerisation process.

Data provided by the U.S. Navy were analysed to examine differences in successful flight training completion between men and women and among minorities. Results indicated that there were not significant differences between men and women with regard to attrition; however differences in the non‐completion of flight training did exist among those of different racial backgrounds. Consistent with previous studies, white aviators were found to have consistently higher graduation rates than all other racial groups and Blacks were found to have significantly higher rates of attrition than Hispanic student aviators. Recommendations to seek greater understanding of these discrepancies, including the potential for unfair discrimination, are made.

IT is nearly three and a half centuries since John Donne, preaching in St. Paul's Cathedral, of which he had recently become Dean, said: ‘Some men, by the benefit of this light of Reason, have found out things profitable and use‐ful to the whole world; as in particular Printing, by which the learning of the whole world is communicable to one another, and our minds and inventions, our wits and compositions, may trade and have commerce together, and we may participate of one another's understandings, as well as of our Clothes, Wines, Oyles and other Merchandize.’

Library patrons' lack of awareness about the governmental documents held in public and academic libraries is an often repeated theme in the literature of documents librarianship. Various programs are implemented in academic libraries to inform students about governmental publications, including one of the more common methods of user‐education, namely, bibliographic instruction. Classes can range from those that introduce general library resources and mention documents, to those that are devoted exclusively to describing governmental documents. Few college students without specialized training are aware of governmental publications, and some academic librarians and elementary and secondary media specialists may share this ignorance. One illustration of this point is Smelser's study, done in 1978, which showed that only 10 percent of the librarians in Minnesota secondary school libraries and media centers had completed any formal course work in governmental documents. Another 60 percent had taken a course that devoted nine or fewer actual hours of class time to some aspects of governmental publications. Library schools commonly offer only one course on governmental documents; thus, many public and academic librarians feel inadequately prepared to provide assistance in this changing field of reference work.

The connotations, associations, custom and usages of a name often give to it an importance that far outweighs its etymological significance. Even with personal surnames or the name of a business. A man may use his own name but not if by so doing it inflicts injury on the interests and business of another person of the same name. After a long period of indecision, it is now generally accepted that in “passing off”, there is no difference between the use of a man's own name and any other descriptive word. The Courts will only intervene, however, when a personal name has become so much identified with a well‐known business as to be necessarily deceptive when used without qualification by anyone else in the same trade; i.e., only in rare cases. In the early years, the genesis of goods and trade protection, fraud was a necessary ingredient of “passing off”, an intent to deceive, but with the merging off Equity with the Common Law, the equitable rule that interference with “property” did not require fraudulent intent was practised in the Courts. First applying to trade marks, it was extended to trade names, business signs and symbols and business generally. Now it is unnecessary to prove any intent to deceive, merely that deception was probable, or that the plaintiff had suffered actual damage. The equitable principle was not established without a struggle, however, and the case of “Singer” Sewing Machines (1877) unified the two streams of law but not before it reached the House of Lords. On the way up, judical opinions differed; in the Court of Appeal, fraud was considered necessary—the defendant had removed any conception of fraud by expressingly declaring in advertisements that his “Singer” machines were manufactured by himself—so the Court found for him, but the House of Lords considered the name “Singer” was in itself a trade mark and there was no more need to prove fraud in the case of a trade name than a trade mark; Hence, the birth of the doctrine that fraud need not be proved, but their Lordships showed some hesitation in accepting property rights for trade names. If the name used is merely descriptive of goods, there can be no cause for action, but if it connotes goods manufactured by one firm or prepared from a formula or compsitional requirements prescribed by and invented by a firm or is the produce of a region, then others have no right to use it. It is a question of fact whether the name is the one or other. The burden of proof that a name or term in common use has become associated with an individual product is a heavy one; much heavier in proving an infringement of a trade mark.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the drug use and criminal justice factors related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody reactivity among rural women in the USA recruited from local jails.

Analyses included 277 women with a history of injection drug use from three rural jails in Kentucky. Participants completed health and drug use questionnaires and received antibody testing for HCV.

The majority of women tested reactive to the HCV antibody (69 percent). Reactivity was associated with risk factors, such as unsterile needle use. Criminal justice variables, including an increased likelihood of prison incarceration, an earlier age of first arrest, and a longer incarceration history, were associated with HCV reactive tests. Participants also endorsed several barriers to seeking healthcare before entering jail that were more prevalent in women testing HCV reactive regardless of HCV status awareness before entering jail.

Injection and high-risk sharing practices as well as criminal justice factors were significantly associated with HCV reactivity. Future research and practice could focus on opportunities for linkages to HCV treatment during incarceration as well as during community re-entry to help overcome real or perceived treatment barriers. The current study highlights the importance of the criminal justice system as a non-traditional, real-world setting to examine drug use and related health consequences such as HCV by describing the association of high-risk drug use and criminal justice consequences with HCV among rural women recruited from local jails.

Nova Paint Club held its tenth annual general meeting and conference in Switzerland from 13 to 18 September and agreed a number of initiatives to puts its administration on a firmer footing, partly in view of an anticipated expansion in membership.

The principle of offshore financial confidentiality is a controversial issue in offshore law. On the one hand, offshore jurisdictions view confidentiality in financial matters as an essential ingredient in the offshore industry which deserves to be protected. On the other, onshore states are increasingly hostile to confidentiality and have been willing to take drastic measures to undermine it.