Search results

Variations in the price of land and the intensiveness of its use have been examined in economic literature beginning with Adam Smith and elaborated by Ricardo, Von Thunen, Mills, Muth, Alonso and others. The price of land is most significantly associated with the distance to the Central Business District (hereafter called CBD) in cities in the United States. Other influencing factors are the distances to urban amenities, public facilities, and to recreational and commercial centres. In addition, the price of land is affected by environmental quality, the land use mix in its vicinity, and the particular zoning regulations (Freeman III, 1979).

Estimates the effect of a minimum wage on the level of employment and on wages in Israeli industry. The findings surprisingly suggest that both labour demand and supply decrease after the institution of a minimum wage. Thus, employment is reduced while wages remain practically unchanged.

The librarian and researcher have to be able to uncover specific articles in their areas of interest. This Bibliography is designed to help. Volume IV, like Volume III, contains features to help the reader to retrieve relevant literature from MCB University Press' considerable output. Each entry within has been indexed according to author(s) and the Fifth Edition of the SCIMP/SCAMP Thesaurus. The latter thus provides a full subject index to facilitate rapid retrieval. Each article or book is assigned its own unique number and this is used in both the subject and author index. This Volume indexes 29 journals indicating the depth, coverage and expansion of MCB's portfolio.

This article makes use of pooled time series data to study the demand for donations to charitable organizations in Singapore, a newly‐industrializing country. As in the case of the developed nations, donations are found to be responsive to the price of giving and characteristics of the charities such as size and age. Government social expenditures are found to cause some crowding‐out of private donations. The results imply that the government can reduce its direct role in providing social services, and at the same time meet the rising demand through policy measures to encourage private giving.

Considers the importance of private contributions to not‐for‐profit organizations (NPOs) in capitalistic welfare states but notes that the share of national income donated to NPOs is significantly lower in Israel than in the USA. Focuses on donations to NPOs in Israel and provides an empirical analysis of the interrelationship of private donations and Government transfers to NPOs. Describes the analytical background relating private contribution to Government activity, examining particularly the possibility that Government expenditure exerts a “crowding‐out” effect on private contributions. Concludes that, with special reference to Israel, Government budgets and private donations to NPOs should co‐exist, in order to maximise the sources devoted to social services or to obtain an adequate variety of such services.

The evolution of the not‐for‐profit organisation sector in the Israeli economy is described, combining economic theory together with history and ideology to provide a multi‐dimensional explanation of this important phenomenon. Why some activities are performed by not‐for‐profit organisations instead of, or in addition to, for‐profit firms and government institutions is outlined, and explanations for the existence of NPOs in various fields of public service are offered.

Africa and Asia are the two most populous continents in the world and are projected to increase further in the near future and this puts the governments under great stress in terms of increased public expenditure and dealing with a low revenue generation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the influence of population age structure on the size of government expenditure in Africa and Asia covering the period 1990–2018.

The study employed panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimation in estimating the relevant relationship between the variables in the model.

The key findings revealed that the major population age structures that influence the size of government expenditure in Africa are population aged 0–14 years and population aged 15–64 years, while that of Asia are population aged 15–64 years and population aged 65 years and above. The findings provided strong support for the Population Reference Bureau report (2019) that countries in Africa are home to some of the world's youngest population, that is, those aged 15 years or below, while Asia is home to some of the world's oldest population, that is, those aged 65 years and above.

While generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation is beneficial in the presence of endogeneity, it is only designed for situations with a small time period (T) and a large number of cross sections (N). Hence, the estimation technique was limited only to FMOLS as the number of the cross sections or countries which is ten for Africa and ten for Asia is lower than the time period which is 29 years (1990–2018).

Empirical literature investigating the influence of population age structure on the size of government expenditure has focussed mainly on one aspect of the population age structure and government expenditure, which is the influence of ageing population on government expenditure on health. Hence, this study focussed on assessing the influence of population age structure on the size of government expenditure. The study is unique as it compared the two most populous continents in the world, which are Africa and Asia to determine which of the population age structures have the most significant influence on the size of government expenditure.

Although the global economic crisis that began in 2007 has renewed interest in Keynes among the wider educated public, graduate courses in macroeconomics usually teach little about Keynes and the issues he analyzed, and what little they teach is often wrong (e.g., that Keynes assumed an arbitrarily fixed money wage rate or that he ignored expectations). Consequently, as macroeconomists turn their attention to the possibility, causes and consequences of financial crises and global depression, they do not have access to the insights into these questions produced by earlier generations of economists. The time and attention constraints of theory courses do not allow simply directing the students to the extensive scholarly literature on the economics of Keynes, so this paper offers a suggested introduction to the economics of Keynes for a graduate course in macroeconomics.

Economists have, in the last 20 years, made many contributions to the study of the deterrent effect of sanctions on criminals — these are surveyed in Brief & Fienberg (1980), Blumstein & Cohen (1978), Tullock (1974), Palmer (1977) and Taylor (1978). A considerable amount of the empirical work has dealt with crime supply functions for specific types of crime. Surprisingly little attention has been given to the switching of criminals between crimes in response to differentials in deterrence. Only three empirical studies of this phenomenon have appeared: Heineke (1978), Holtmann & Yap (1978), Hakim et al. (1984). All of these use cross‐section US data for property crimes. Their findings are thus somewhat tentative given that they may not hold up in other national contexts. This paper seeks to remedy this gap by studying substitution behaviour for burglary, robbery and theft using 1981 data for the police force areas of England and Wales. We compare our results with those of American researchers and also examine the impact of substitution on the broad conclusions of the conventional non‐substitution model.

This paper is aimed at providing the theoretical basis and some empirical implications concerning the effect of the psychological (or “psychic”) distance on the enterprise internationalisation process. The main goal is to examine distance components and their dynamics with the focus on the Russian Federation market.

The qualitative analysis is based on the range of theoretical and empirical studies focused on expanding of Estonian and foreign enterprises to the Russian Federation market as well as Russian market attractiveness and risk assessment.

According to the analysis conducted in the study, the slightly diminishing psychic distance effect between Baltic states and the Russian Federation, as well as the gateway effect could be identified. Uncertainty and discrepancies with the western business techniques are found to be the factors of significant influence.

Further research of the subject can be dedicated to the distance components estimation through factor or component analysis on the base of macroeconomic data and the data obtained from the questionnaires of selected enterprises.

Research of the current topic can provide a solid basis for the management strategies interpretation and development in the context of the vulnerability of the Russian Federation market with the goal of establishing effective business operations.

This paper provides a basis for future research and emphasizes the role of the given phenomenon in strategic management.