Search results

1 – 10 of over 1000
Article
Publication date: 14 October 2019

Nurul Syazwani Mohd Noor, Muhammad Hakimi Mohd. Shafiai and Abdul Ghafar Ismail

This paper aims to propose a derivation of Shariah risk from both the Islamic finance theory and theory of contracts in Islamic law. Specifically, it deliberates the derivation of…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a derivation of Shariah risk from both the Islamic finance theory and theory of contracts in Islamic law. Specifically, it deliberates the derivation of Shariah risk following the contracts validity and apprises the readers of the Shariah risk issues currently under debate.

Design/methodology/approach

This study reviews the relevant literature and presents an analysis of contract rulings through evidence derived from the Qur’an, Hadith and other secondary sources of Islamic law. Various theories of Islamic finance and Islamic law of contracts are identified, to examine the general principles and essential elements and conditions of a valid contract.

Findings

This analysis asserts that any circumstances that may render invalidity of the contract will trigger Shariah risk. More importantly, this paper highlights the implications of invalid contracts, based on the opinion of Hanafi jurists, who concluded that Shariah risk may be derived from any void or voidable contracts due to the failure of the contractual parties to comply with Shariah contractual obligations.

Research limitations/implications

This paper emphasises the derivation of Shariah risk over theoretical approaches. It does not include an explanation in the form of any empirical model.

Originality/value

This is the first study that contributes to the field of derivation of Shariah risk, based on the theory from the Islamic law of contracts.

Details

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, vol. 10 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0817

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 October 2020

Fathullah Asni

This study aims to investigate the practice of bay’ ‘inah contract in personal and home financing products by some Islamic Finance Institutions (IFIs) and examine the differences…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the practice of bay’ ‘inah contract in personal and home financing products by some Islamic Finance Institutions (IFIs) and examine the differences in the selection of contracts in banking products amongst IFIs mainly involving personal financing. The study will also propose a solution to the problem of differences and simultaneously standardise personal financing contracts in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology of this study is qualitative, in which the data are collected through library research and field studies. The library research is done by examining books of usul al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), mura’aht al-khilaf, maqasid shariah (objectives of Islamic law) articles, statutes and related circulars, while field studies are conducted in an unstructured interview method with some members of Shariah Advisory Council (SAC) and academicians from Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), IFIs and public university.

Findings

The findings show that there is a difference in views amongst SAC members in IFIs on bay’ ‘inah contract that effects the differences in the execution of such contract in banking applications. The study found that the bay’ ‘inah contract was non Shariah (Islamic law) compliant based on Shariah’s arguments and the opinion of the majority of past and present Islamic scholars. The study found that the BNM’s SAC did not allow the bay’ ‘inah contract to be practiced in personal and home financing products. Hence, this study proposes standardisation steps based on differences in the problems studied. The study also suggested that the SAC of BNM make improvements and updates on its solution regarding the bay’ ‘inah contract so that it is not misunderstood especially amongst IFIs.

Research limitations/implications

The study is only looking at one case study, which is the bay’ ‘inah contract practiced by the IFIs in Malaysia.

Practical implications

This study proposes the standardisation of personal financing products practiced by the IFIs. The results of this study can reduce Sharīʿah non-compliance products in the market. The results of this study have gained a deep understanding of the solution of bay’ ‘inah contract made by the SAC of BNM. The findings also reduce the conflict between Shariah scholars locally and internationally and can restore the image of Islamic banking in Malaysia from engaging with controversy products or contracts.

Social implications

The confidence of the public in Islamic banking is increasing as there is no contractual engagement with serious controversial issues and contracts similar to the concept of riba and hilah (trick) that is prohibited by Islamic law in IFIs.

Originality/value

This study analyses the differences of fatwa (a ruling on the point of Islamic law) about bay’ ‘inah contract decided by some SACs of IFI based on the discipline of usul al-fiqh. The study found that the bay’ ‘inah contract is not allowed by Islamic law. The study has proposed the standardisation of the fatwa differences based on the concept of mura’aht al-khilaf and the concept of standardisation in Islamic finance and to standardise personal financing products amongst IFIs in Malaysia.

Details

Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1755-4179

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 11 May 2015

Rihab Grassa

This paper aims to discuss the different practices and regulatory frameworks of Shariah supervision in Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) across Organisation of Islamic

2147

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the different practices and regulatory frameworks of Shariah supervision in Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) across Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member states and to identify the gaps in current Shariah supervisory practices. Parallel with the rapid growth of Islamic finance worldwide, corporate governance has received a considerable amount of attention in Islamic finance. Shariah is a unique characteristic of Islamic finance. That is why the need for a good and efficient Shariah governance system for IFIs is considered to be a crucial requirement to ensure the development and the stability of the Islamic finance industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on critical review of current laws and regulations for IFIs; this provides a reflective synthesis on the practical work of the Shariah supervisory system across the 25 different OIC member states.

Findings

The paper reveals several findings. First, the authors observe a weak and poor Shariah supervisory system in most OIC member states. Furthermore, the authors detect various gaps in the current Shariah supervisory practices. Most of these shortfalls are linked to the current regulatory frameworks: the roles and the responsibilities of the national Shariah authority, and the institutional Shariah board’s duties and attributes.

Originality/value

This paper’s originality and value lies in its critical review of current Shariah supervisory practices across 25 OIC member states. Also, the paper puts forward various suggestions to the regulatory authorities and to the Islamic Financial Services Board to enhance the Shariah governance system and to standardize the different practices of Shariah governance worldwide.

Details

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, vol. 23 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1358-1988

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 June 2016

Abdulazeem Abozaid

The paper aims to highlight the challenges facing Islamic finance industry and outline the prospectus of what constitutes a sound Islamic banking product in terms of both its…

6895

Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to highlight the challenges facing Islamic finance industry and outline the prospectus of what constitutes a sound Islamic banking product in terms of both its Shariah control and product development methodology.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper analytically addresses the internal challenges facing Islamic finance industry by highlighting, first, the deficiencies in the existing Shariah supervisory work and, then, the deficiencies in the product development methodology followed in Islamic banks.

Findings

Islamic banking and finance is facing some internal challenges which require immediate action. Although facing the external challenges may be beyond the capacity of the industry players, Islamic banks have no excuse to overlook or turn a blind eye to their internal challenges which can be overcome by enacting Shariah governance for both products and Shariah control and reforming the methodology of product development.

Originality/value

This paper highlights an issue that has not received the needed attention, and it proposes the necessary solutions to the problems it identifies.

Details

International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, vol. 9 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8394

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 March 2012

Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim, Seow Eng Ong and Kola Akinsomi

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Shariah compliant real estate development financing and investment in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

4000

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Shariah compliant real estate development financing and investment in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors employed desk research and survey to examine issues relating to Shariah compliant real estate development financing and investment. Following the desk research, 18 in‐depth interviews were conducted with senior executives of banks, real estate developers and consultants.

Findings

Equity Shariah instruments are found to be in high demand by real estate investors, however they are rarely offered by Islamic banks. In addition, the survey results confirm that Islamic financiers tend to partner real estate companies through land acquisition to post construction, contrary to how conventional financiers operate, therefore reducing moral hazard issues.

Research limitations/implications

As Shariah compliant real estate research and knowledge is limited, the authors faced a challenge in getting respondents who are familiar and willing to participate in the interview. Nevertheless, the 18 respondents gave adequate inputs to enable the authors to write the research paper.

Practical implications

The paper includes challenges and implications for the future developments of Shariah compliant real estate development financing and investment.

Originality/value

This paper provides the Shariah compliant perspective of real estate development financing and investment, where the current knowledge is very limited.

Details

Journal of Property Investment & Finance, vol. 30 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-578X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 2015

Syed Anees Haider Zaidi, Ijaz Hussain Shah, Rana Umair Ashraf, Shahid Mohammad Khan Ghauri and Ibne Hassan

The purpose of this paper is to bring the attention of Muslim world toward uniformity of Shariah principles. The paper also presents different opinions of experts toward…

1864

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to bring the attention of Muslim world toward uniformity of Shariah principles. The paper also presents different opinions of experts toward standardization. Selection criteria of four different Islamic market indices are compared. Some points like Halal business and debt ratio are common, while others are different.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative research method has been used in this research work and various types of documents and research articles were analyzed. The authors analyzed the data of four Islamic stock markets in the world. First, they write all the screening criteria of every Islamic stock market for selecting a company for their stock market. Afterwards, they make a table that presents the comparison of screening criteria of all Islamic market indices.

Findings

A Shariah Board of Islamic Market approves any company as being Islamic Shariah-compliant based on certain criteria. Different Islamic market indices use their own criteria for selecting the company. Every Islamic market index has its own rules and regulations of the Shariah Board. Sometimes these rules are contradictory with each other; for example, if KMI-30 Islamic index is not selecting one particular company due to higher debt ratio but Dow Jones Islamic market index selects that company because that company meets the criteria of the Dow Jones Islamic market index.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation is that there is no approach to regulators of the different Islamic market indices around the globe.

Practical implications

If Islamic indices work on the suggestions provided in this paper, standardized criteria will be available to all indices and, consequently, confidence of the investors and operational issues will be resolved. Investment will be increased.

Social implications

The belief of non-Muslims will be strong that Islamic laws are the same any where. A shift from conventional finance to Islamic Finance will be sped up.

Originality/value

This research work is original and first attempt on the topic of standardization of screening criteria of Islamic stock markets around the globe.

Details

International Journal of Commerce and Management, vol. 25 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1056-9219

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 July 2021

Md. Kausar Alam, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Fakir Tajul Islam, Babatunji Samuel Adedeji, Md. Abdul Mannan and Mohammad Sahabuddin

The purpose of this study is to explore the practices of Shariah governance (SG) systems in terms of their guidelines, current operational procedures, internbal policies and…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the practices of Shariah governance (SG) systems in terms of their guidelines, current operational procedures, internbal policies and structures and regulatory framework of Islamic banks in Bangladesh from the viewpoints of Shariah, Tawhidic approach/ontological approach and Shuratic process of Islamic corporate governance and institutional theory.

Design/methodology/approach

A semi-structured interview tactic has been applied to attain the objective. Overall, data has been collected from the regulators, Shariah supervisory board members, Shariah department executives and experts from the central bank and Islamic banks of Bangladesh.

Findings

The study finds that Islamic banks do not follow complete Shariah principles in all aspects of SG nor violate them fully in their overall functions due to less accountability, which contradicts the concept of the Tawhidi epistemological process of Islamic corporate governance. Islamic banks announce that they are following Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) guidelines, but in practice, they do not follow the instructions accurately because all of the standards and policies of AAOIFI and the Islamic Financial Services Board are not applicable in Bangladesh due to its cultural, legal and regulatory structures. It is found that Islamic banks in Bangladesh have a lower practice of maqasid as-Shariah and Tawhidic approach and Shuratic process.

Research limitations/implications

The study significantly contributed to the central bank of Bangladesh and Islamic banks by exploring the SG systems for their further enhancement. The research provides some suggestions for improving existing SG systems and enhancing more application of SG guidelines and Shariah principles in the overall operations of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh.

Originality/value

This research extends the literature regarding the Islamic banks’ SG practices in Bangladesh. The study also contributes to Shariah, Tawhidic approach/ontological approach and Shuratic process of Islamic corporate governance and institutional theory by exploring the Islamic banks’ existing SG practices in Bangladesh.

Details

Pacific Accounting Review, vol. 33 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0114-0582

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 June 2017

Anna Azmi, Normawati Non and Norazlin Ab Aziz

This paper aims to examine the challenges of applying Shariah law in the equity market by engaging in narratives with Shariah screeners and advisors on how they conduct their…

1545

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the challenges of applying Shariah law in the equity market by engaging in narratives with Shariah screeners and advisors on how they conduct their screening responsibilities despite the low levels of Islamic-related disclosure made by companies in their annual reports. The Shariah screening processes in three countries with different Islamic equity markets – Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom – are examined.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors interview 19 Shariah screeners and advisors in three different Islamic equity markets – Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom.

Findings

Overall, the findings in this study show that despite the differences in the regulatory environment, companies still make Islamic-related disclosures on a voluntary basis. However, the lack of Islamic-related disclosures presents various challenges for Shariah screeners, particularly when identifying the operations that constitute the main activity of the company in screening for prohibited activities.

Research limitations/implications

Shariah screeners can play an important role in increasing the level of understanding and perhaps increasing Islamic-related disclosures in annual reports by establishing a set of effective guidelines or practices for Shariah screeners to use when screening companies for their Shariah-compliant status.

Originality/value

The paper identifies a gap in the Shariah screening literature and voluntary Islamic disclosures literature. By identifying this gap, the paper highlights the challenges Shariah screeners and advisors face because of the low level of Islamic-related disclosures.

Details

International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8394

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 November 2019

Rohaida Basiruddin and Habib Ahmed

This study aims to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and Shariah non-compliant risk (SNCR) that is unique for Islamic banks. The study examines the roles…

1883

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and Shariah non-compliant risk (SNCR) that is unique for Islamic banks. The study examines the roles of Shariah committee along with the board of directors in mitigating SNCR.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper empirically investigates the implications of characteristics of board of directors and Shariah committee on the SNCR by using a sample of 29 full-fledge Islamic banks from Malaysia and Indonesia over the period 2007-2017. All data is hand collected from the Islamic banks' annual reports with the exception of country-level data collected from the World Bank database.

Findings

The results show that banks with a smaller board size and higher proportion of independent board members are likely to have lower SNCR. The findings also indicate that the financial expertise and higher frequency of Shariah committee meetings reduces the SNCR. Collectively, the analysis shows that banks with strong corporate governance environments reduce SNCR.

Practical implications

The findings of the study shed light on the relationship between corporate governance practice, Shariah committee characteristics and SNCR. The results can be used by different stakeholders such as policymakers, boards of directors and senior management of Islamic banks to mitigate SNCR.

Originality/value

This study extends the literature on corporate governance and risk-taking by including additional dimensions of governance and risk type. The corporate governance mechanism at the board level is complemented by including the Shariah committee characteristics and SNCR which is relevant to Islamic financial institutions is examined.

Details

Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, vol. 20 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1472-0701

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 14 May 2018

Issa Khan, Noor Naemah Binti Abdul Rahman, Mohd Yakub @ Zulkifli Bin Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor and Kamaruzaman Bin Noordin

This study aims to find out the problems of family Takaful (Islamic Life Insurance) operations in Bangladesh and proposes strategies to overcome the problems.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to find out the problems of family Takaful (Islamic Life Insurance) operations in Bangladesh and proposes strategies to overcome the problems.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative data were collected through interviews with 32 respondents from two family Takaful operators in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Findings

The study finds a number of problems of family Takaful which relate to the government, Takaful company and the Shariah board. Lack of governing guidelines for Takaful companies in Bangladesh is causing numerous operational problems of family Takaful. To overcome these obstacles, the government should propose separate Act for Takaful. This requires support from the stakeholders along with Islamic scholars in the country.

Practical implications

It is anticipated that the findings and suggestions of the study will assist the policymakers in improving the situation of family Takaful companies particularly in Bangladesh.

Social implications

If the proposed suggestions are implemented in Takaful companies, the problems facing Takaful will likely be solved and more people will take part in Takaful. This would contribute to developing the country economically, raise Islamic values and foster peace and harmony in the society.

Originality/value

Mainly, this study is based on the primary research that has been conducted in family Takaful companies in Bangladesh.

Details

International Journal of Ethics and Systems, vol. 34 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0828-8666

Keywords

1 – 10 of over 1000