Search results

The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of built heritage preservation from an Islamic perspective. This study will dig out the jurisprudential principles to challenge contemporary destruction of built heritage in the Muslim contexts.

The research challenges the radicals’ opinion by revealing their evidence to destroy the various built heritage. In fact, it confronts these acts and assists the international community to understand the basic values of Islam toward the environment and built heritage specifically. This exploratory research will follow this lead and seek the objective, first, by investigating the concept of succession and the urbanization of Earth by mankind. Reassuringly, the research introduces few verses from the Holy Qur’an to support the various arguments presented and provide a qualitative understanding of the interpretations. Moreover, few speeches of the Prophet (PBUH) are added to ease synthesizing the understanding of specific principles related to the Islamic law (Shari’ah). This study provides an in-depth understanding toward the legitimacy of the act of preservation under the umbrella of the intents and objectives of the Islamic law.

This study confirms that preservation of the built heritage is legitimate from the Islamic law perspective; this is due to the fact that Islam mandates mankind to utilize wisely the resources available to shape a proper physical and economic environment. The preservation of the built heritage returns with benefit to the major society and assures that resources are recycled to serve humanity for longer generations.

This research promotes the concepts of good/benefit and avoiding harm to support the crux of built heritage preservation from an Islamic perspective. In quest of this notion, various scholars’ work throughout the Islamic civilization has been revealed to draw some shed on the rooted arguments to highlight various concepts of Islam toward preservation.

This paper fulfills an identified need to prove that Islam is against the destruction of built heritage and historic monuments and against all acts of violence and terrorism.

Many of the heritage adaptive reuse projects in Islamic Cairo did not report success. Existing evaluations are usually drawn from a singular perspective – such as preservation and sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to generate a comprehensive assessment framework of adaptively reused heritage buildings that is specifically developed for the case of Islamic heritage of Cairo.

This paper depends on an extensive literature review about primary goals of adapting heritage for reuse. Related to each goal, multiple criteria of assessment are derived from literature, and then explained to mention worldwide benchmarks in that field.

A successful heritage adaptation project shall aim to achieve: building preservation, success of new function, and local community development. The framework is able to organize the adaptive reuse literature in general, and to specifically provide direct goals and guidelines in the case of Cairo.

In research and practice, priorities of heritage reuse vary from case-to case; however, this paper considers all assessment criteria to be of equal importance.

In order to apply and technically develop this assessment framework, future research can describe methodologies for assessment and to set optimum quantitative and/or qualitative indicators’ thresholds for each criterion.

This paper highlights that new uses of heritage buildings should be assessed for having a role in the upgrading the socio-economic milieu of the people living. The new functions shall act as a stimulant for economic upraising and social reinforcement for the local business and small traditional industries.

The framework can be used as a checklist in either the planning of adaptive reuse projects or the evaluation of already completed ones. The framework shall assist governmental institutions, developers, owners, community groups, practitioners, and others in bringing forward successful adaptation schemes in Cairo.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a general review and historical context for digitization and interdisciplinary research involving digital surrogates of historical Persian manuscripts in the National Library and Archives of Iran and similarly engaged institutions.

The paper explores interdisciplinary aspects of Persian art, poetry, science, and philosophy, as revealed in the scrutiny of digitized manuscripts. It explores the enhancement of Persian, Iranian and Islamic cultural heritage research. It discusses benefits and concerns in conceptual contexts of library and information science literature. It references some manuscript digitization projects involving Islamic heritage, including the HARAM online manuscript service of the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI). It addresses issues of availability and access in global contexts.

Manuscript digitization, placed in the context of interdisciplinary research, reveals modern correlations to the interdisciplinary nature of ancient Persian arts and sciences — and to the purpose of digitization — as appropriate to an historical continuum of Persian written literacy and traditional Islamic cultural heritage.

For future contexts of digital global research, research involving many interrelated fields will benefit from use of digital manuscript surrogates. Institutional cooperation will be necessary. The physical conservation of fragile materials also benefits. Historical contexts should be observed, and preserved with the materials.

This paper shows that interdisciplinary research in international universities, libraries, museums, archives, government agencies, and other public institutions uniquely benefits from access to digitized manuscripts. It provides contexts for solving problems of physical manuscript decay and destruction.

The purpose of this paper is to address the confusing use of terminology associated with tourism undertaken by Muslims and to identify key concerns associated with this type of tourism.

This is an exploratory study and adopts a critical review of literature following the evolutionary concept analysis method. Content analysis of popular UK media, UK-based tour operators’ websites and tourism strategies of destinations popular with Muslim tourists were conducted to examine the use of terminology.

There is no clear difference between the various terms (halal, Muslim friendly, Islamic, etc.) used. Overall, academia uses the term Islamic tourism, while the industry and media use various terms. Among destinations, however, there is no clear and consistent use of terminology. A key concern of Islamic tourism is the role of certification in assuring travellers and the lack of standardisation of halal certification.

The paper is based on literature review and secondary data analysis. It lacks primary research.

This study highlights the need for consistent use of terminology across industry. Another implication is the issue surrounding halal certification of food and the importance of trust in the seller/service provide. Another trend that industry providers need to consider is the growth of the Muslim millennial traveller and the needs of this market segment.

The paper highlights the importance of studying the Muslim tourist market and provides a starting point for further research. It highlights several issues such as the need to develop a typology of Muslim tourists. Of particular interest is the concern whether halal values in danger of being commodified in the absence of a universal agreed criterion for halal certification.

The aim of this paper is to present a model in which the relationship between Muslims’ involvement with traveling to Islamic destinations and Islamic destination brand equity is investigated.

Based on the existing theoretical and empirical research on involvement and brand equity in tourism marketing and the literature on Muslim tourists’ needs and culture, a conceptual model for Muslim tourists is developed. The model investigates the relationships between Muslims’ psychological motivations for traveling to Islamic destinations and the evaluation of destination Islamic brand.

The study shows that the more Muslims are involved in traveling to Islamic destinations, the more likely they evaluate the key dimensions of destination Islamic brand. This is demonstrated by the influence of Muslims’ involvement on their awareness of Islamic destinations, their image of the Islamic destination attributes, the perceived quality of Islamic offerings, the perceived Islamic value and their loyalty toward Islamic destinations.

The study evaluates the Islamic brand equity in the context of Islamic tourism destinations and in relation to Muslims’ interests in traveling to Islamic countries. The study contributes to better understand the Islamic destinations and how to maximize the benefits of their Islamic attributes. It is suggested that Islamic attributes should be highlighted more for Muslim tourists interested in traveling to Islamic countries. Investigating the concepts analyzed will help tourism destinations to integrate marketing and promotional campaigns and build a more powerful Islamic brand in Muslim markets.

The relationship between involvement and brand equity has not been yet explored adequately, especially in the context of Islamic branding. This study adds to the previous studies in which the link between personal involvement with a specific destination and destination brand equity was explored. The role of Islamic values in this relationship is highlighted. The study contributes to destination branding studies by being one of the primary works, which applies the concept of brand equity to Islamic destinations.

This study assesses the level of user importance to the building components of the Great Mosque of Mataram Kotagede Yogyakarta. The building components are the excellence and reliability of the mosque as a cultural and religious heritage in Indonesia.

This research uses the qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative method was conducted with contextual and conceptual studies on the comparative history of the Great Mosque of Mataram Kotagede. The quantitative method collected respondent perceptions using questionnaire.

The results generate ten building components that the highest important component is the aesthetics appearance of the building, while the least important component is the tomb area. Other components consist of the ornaments and building elements, outdoor circulation, indoor circulation, landscapes and parks, the wall surrounding the mosque and its area, mosque furniture, ablution facilities and lavatories, and access from the mosque area to surrounding areas.

The conservation maintains the sustainability of the physical and non-physical aspects of the mosque building. The physical aspects include aesthetics and reliability of building, while the non-physical aspects consist of historical values, heritage, symbols, socio-culture, local wisdom and religious tolerance.

According to the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) report of heritage at risk for 2011–2013, Cairo is facing serious conservation challenges after the revolution of 2011, witnessing aggressive cultural heritage vandalism. A marginalized inaccessible heritage site is considered one of the most vulnerable cultural assets. Existing studies focused on safeguarding accessible historical centers while insufficient attention is given to marginalized inaccessible heritage sites. The paper questions: how far the reaccess is preventive conservation action acting against possible encroachments? And if accessibility could stand as the key player promoting networks of marginal heritage landscapes, facilitating documentation and rehabilitation programs.

The research adopts both analytical and experimental approaches. The former departs from cartographic studies and systematic contextual surveys carried out in March 2017 and was updated in July 2019 concerning the delimitation of historic Cairo. It concludes by mapping marginal heritage besides classifying their value significance, urban risks and causes of inaccessibility. The latter phase structures a framework guiding accessibility interventions of marginal heritage and examines its applicability through a cross-case comparison between four sites while proposing accessibility interventions strategies.

Finally, the study offers a comprehensive assessment model for the new interventions measuring the contextual, economic, social and administrative influences of accessibility.

The framework is considered a decision-making tool defining marginalized heritage areas with the highest priorities of enactments. The study aims to facilitate the mission of governors, policymakers and experts in conserving problematic urban heritage through soft transformations.

Both the framework and the assessment model are based on social empowerment and involvement within different phases of design, management and monitoring plans.

It aims to perform new urban codification representing the contemporary identity of marginal heritage landscape in developing countries challenging heritage vandalism. It enables reconfiguring the delimitation of historic Cairo through proposing new parameters and guidelines.

This study aims to explore residents’ emotional responses to tourism development and how the anticipated loss or gain of resources from it affects their attitudes and actions. The study extends the conservation of resources (COR) theory by using the cognitive appraisal (CA) theory to explain why the residents of Al-Juhfa village in Saudi Arabia become stressed and experience negative emotions due to tourism development and how they respond and cope with it.

This study uses qualitative methods by applying purposive interviews to engage informants. Data were gathered from 38 residents of Al-Juhfa village, Saudi Arabia. A content analysis of the data collected was used.

Findings indicate that residents who perceived they might lose resources (land, houses, heritage, sociocultural and Islamic values and job and investment opportunities) due to tourism development had negative emotions and attitudes towards tourism development. This led a group of residents to resist development and not allow tourists to enter the village. Without tourism knowledge and skills, the residents are worried they may lose control of their resources. Religiosity was a factor that helped to cope with the negative emotions, and other coping actions included accepting displacement with compensation, allowing foreign workers to enter the village with conditions and accepting development with their involvement.

The limitations of the current study are that the data were gathered for the duration of the COVID-19 outbreak when residents were highly anxious and still feeling fear; these feelings could have influenced the responses. Secondly, the data were collected through hardcopy surveys using close- and open-ended questions. Therefore, these data might be limited, as the topic and questions were politicaly sensitive, and the informants might not have completely expressed their feelings, giving diplomatic answers instead. Therefore, the research should be repeated in different contexts with qualitative data using face-to-face techniques.

Firstly, the residents are concerned about losing their resources, such as land, houses and heritage. The development cannot be fully successful without the involvement and support of the local community. Therefore, the government should help them remain in their village by offering them official permission (sukuk) to retain their land and houses. Secondly, the government can open new residential areas and build homes for the residents within the current village, especially as the village has only a few people. Residential areas, such as a compound with complete services, can be designed as part of the tourist attractions in Al-Juhfa.

The two theories of COR and CA were developed in the western context and used in tourism studies separately in other contexts, especially CA. However, as far as the authors’ concern, this is the first study to use the two theories in one study to explore residents’ emotions towards tourism development. Both theories explained the process of residents’ emotions towards tourism impact and the negative emotional reactions to perceived threats and resultant stress and how residents cope with these emotions. Nevertheless, in the context of Al-Juhfa as a conservative community, these two theories are not the only factors that explain the residents’ emotional response and attitude, instated that the residents’ religiosity and their belief in Allah is also an important determinant that explains their emotions and attitude towards tourism’s impact on their village and community.

本研究通过目的性访谈采用了定性研究方法。数据来自沙特阿拉伯 Al-Juhfa 村的 38 位居民。对收集的数据进行了内容分析。

这项研究探讨了居民对旅游发展的情感反应, 以及旅游资源的预期损失或收益如何影响他们的态度和行动。该研究扩展了资源保护（COR）理论, 通过使用认知评估（CA）理论来解释为什么沙特这个村庄的居民会因旅游业发展而感到有压力和体验负面情绪, 以及他们如何反应和应对。

研究结果表明, 那些认为可能因旅游业发展而失去资源（土地、房屋、遗产、社会文化和伊斯兰价值观以及工作和投资机会）的居民对旅游业发展有负面情绪和态度。这导致一群居民抵制发展, 不允许游客进入村庄。没有旅游相关的知识和技能, 居民担心他们可能会失去对资源的控制。宗教信仰是帮助应对负面情绪的一个因素, 其他应对措施包括接受搬迁补偿, 允许外国工人有条件进入村庄, 以及接受他们参与旅游业的发展。

本研究的局限性在于, 数据是在新冠肺炎疫情爆发期间收集的, 当时居民高度焦虑, 仍然感到恐惧; 这些感觉可能会影响调研反应。其次, 数据是通过使用封闭式和开放式问题的纸质调查收集的。因此, 这些数据可能有局限性。此外, 由于话题和问题带有政治敏感性, 而被访人可能没有完全表达自己的感受, 而是给出了外交答案, 因此, 今后应使用面对面技术在不同的背景下使用定性数据来重复研究。

首先, 居民担心失去土地、房屋和遗产等资源。如果没有当地社区的参与和支持, 旅游发展就不可能完全成功。因此, 政府应该通过向他们提供保留土地和房屋的官方许可（sukuk）来帮助他们留在村里。第二, 政府可以在现有村庄内开辟新的住宅区, 为居民建造住房, 特别是因为该村庄只有少数人。可以将住宅区, 例如服务功能完善的建筑物, 设计为 Al Juhfa 旅游景点的一部分。

COR和CA的两个理论是在西方背景下发展起来的, 并分别用于其他背景下的旅游研究, 尤其是CA。然而, 对我们而言, 这是首次将两个理论用于一项研究中, 以探讨居民对旅游发展的情绪。这两种理论都解释了居民对旅游影响的情绪过程, 以及对感知到的威胁和由此产生的压力的负面情绪反应, 以及居民如何应对这些情绪。尽管如此, 在 Al Juhfa 作为一个保守社区的背景下, 这两种理论并不是解释居民情绪反应和态度的唯一因素, 居民的宗教信仰和对真主的信仰也是解释他们对旅游业对村庄和社区影响的情绪和态度的重要决定因素。

Este estudio utiliza métodos cualitativos a partir de entrevistas dirigidas a residentes. Se recogieron datos de 38 individuos del municipio de Al-Juhfa (Arabia Saudí). Se utilizó un análisis de contenido de los datos recogidos.

Esta investigación explora las respuestas emocionales de los residentes ante el desarrollo del turismo y cómo la pérdida o ganancia de recursos prevista afecta a sus actitudes y acciones. El estudio amplía la teoría de la conservación de recursos (COR) utilizando la teoría de la valoración cognitiva (CA) para explicar por qué los residentes de este municipio de Arabia Saudí se estresan y experimentan emociones negativas debido al desarrollo turístico y cómo responden y lo afrontan.

Los resultados indican que los residentes que percibían que podían perder recursos (tierras, casas, patrimonio, valores socioculturales e islámicos y oportunidades de empleo e inversión) debido al desarrollo turístico tenían emociones y actitudes negativas hacia el desarrollo turístico. Esto llevó a un grupo de residentes a resistirse al desarrollo y a no permitir la entrada de turistas en el pueblo. Sin conocimientos y habilidades turísticas, los residentes temen perder el control de sus recursos. La religiosidad fue un factor que ayudó a sobrellevar las emociones negativas, y otras acciones de afrontamiento incluyeron aceptar el desplazamiento con compensación, permitir la entrada de trabajadores extranjeros al pueblo con condiciones y aceptar el desarrollo con su participación.

Las limitaciones del presente estudio son que los datos se recopilaron durante el brote de COVID-19, cuando los residentes estaban muy ansiosos y seguían sintiendo miedo; estos sentimientos podrían haber influido en las respuestas. En segundo lugar, los datos se recopilaron mediante encuestas impresas con preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Por tanto, estos datos podrían ser limitados, ya que el tema y las preguntas eran políticamente sensibles y los informantes podrían no haber expresado completamente sus sentimientos, dando en su lugar respuestas diplomáticas. En consecuencia, la investigación debería repetirse en contextos diferentes con datos cualitativos utilizando técnicas cara a cara.

En primer lugar, a los residentes les preocupa perder sus recursos, como terrenos, viviendas y patrimonio. El desarrollo no puede tener éxito sin la participación y el apoyo de la comunidad local. Por ello, el gobierno debe ayudarles a permanecer en su pueblo ofreciéndoles un permiso oficial (sukuk) para conservar sus tierras y casas. En segundo lugar, el gobierno puede abrir nuevas zonas residenciales y construir viviendas para los residentes dentro de la aldea actual, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta que la aldea tiene pocos habitantes. Las zonas residenciales, como un complejo con servicios completos, pueden diseñarse como parte de las atracciones turísticas de Al-Juhfa.

Las dos teorías de COR y CA se desarrollaron en el contexto occidental y se utilizaron en estudios turísticos por separado en otros contextos, especialmente en CA. Sin embargo, en esta investigación, éste es el primer estudio que utiliza las dos teorías en un estudio para explorar las emociones de los residentes hacia el desarrollo turístico. Ambas teorías explican el proceso de las emociones de los residentes hacia el impacto del turismo y las reacciones emocionales negativas a las amenazas percibidas y el estrés resultante y cómo los residentes hacen frente a estas emociones. Sin embargo, en el contexto de Al-Juhfa como comunidad conservadora, estas dos teorías no son los únicos factores que explican la respuesta emocional y la actitud de los residentes, ya que la religiosidad de los residentes y su creencia en Alá es también un determinante importante que explica sus emociones y actitud hacia el impacto del turismo en su pueblo y comunidad.