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The purpose of this paper is to give a starting point to non‐specialists to understand Sufism by introducing the essential works about this broad subject.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to give a starting point to non‐specialists to understand Sufism by introducing the essential works about this broad subject.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper identifies and lists bibliographies, indexes, encyclopedias, dictionaries, and handbooks about Sufism.
Findings
Interest in Sufism is growing, and references to books, articles, essays, and even theses and dissertations under the subject headings Sufism and Sufis are now considerable. Resources are scattered, posing challenges to students and scholars, as well as librarians. Additionally, there is a deficiency of specialized databases, bibliographies, and indexes related to Sufism.
Originality/value
To date, this is the only guide of this kind.
Details
Keywords
Many laws have been derived from the religions' legislations and lots of them have not the capability of uniqueness and publicity, due to variety of reasons, especially at the…
Abstract
Purpose
Many laws have been derived from the religions' legislations and lots of them have not the capability of uniqueness and publicity, due to variety of reasons, especially at the level of countries. But the spirit of legislations is the same and unique in all religions and it is the Tariqah (Sufi path), Sufism, mysticism and ethical beliefs that have been stable and unchangeable for millennia, and wisdom has accepted and accepts them in all times and locations. Thus, if the international public law to be defined and designed upon the base of the unique religions' spirit, we will reach to a unique law with most publicity. The purpose of this paper is to survey the subjects of Islamic public international law, and extend Islamic jurisprudence decisions from a theosophical point of view over the field of international law.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper explores the foundation of public international law from the theosophy approach of Islamic Sufism and mysticism.
Findings
By raising 38 principles, the author proposes basic principles of important public international law subjects to prepare a backbone for recompilation of new law in this subject matter.
Research limitations/implications
Comparative researches in other religions' gnosticism will be helpful.
Social implications
Delicateness, truthfulness, and righteousness of Islamic Sufism, may turn the attentions of scholars and researchers to this viewpoint, and a new set of laws to be codified.
Originality/value
Public international law scholars have not touched the topic from a Sufi viewpoint. This paper opens new challenging arena.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to show how individual law is defined in Islam. Individual law includes a set of human rights that the government is bound to vindicate by duty…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show how individual law is defined in Islam. Individual law includes a set of human rights that the government is bound to vindicate by duty. Islamic law approach is how human beings transcendence, and freedom may be formed wisely.
Design/methodology/approach
Spiritual flourishing is the goal of Islamic Sufism. The main topics of individual freedom are discussed here are freedom of opinion, will, religion, speech, meeting, minorities, rule of law, equality before law, rights resulted from implementing justice, ownership and self-determination of destiny and jobs, which are explained through the Islamic Sufism viewpoint.
Findings
By comparing individual law in Islamic law with the other law schools, transcendence of the former is more clarified.
Research limitations/implications
Comparative research of the other religions’ gnosticism will develop the paradigm.
Practical implications
The principles highlighted in this study can be used for applied debates in the field to promote individual law for understanding and recompilation.
Social implications
Delicateness, truthfulness and righteousness of Islamic Sufism may turn the attentions of scholars and researchers to this rich viewpoint.
Originality/value
Individual law scholars have not touched the topic from this viewpoint. This paper opens new challenging area.
Details
Keywords
Many laws have been derived from the religions' legislations and many of them do not have the capability of uniqueness and publicity, due to a variety of reasons, especially at…
Abstract
Purpose
Many laws have been derived from the religions' legislations and many of them do not have the capability of uniqueness and publicity, due to a variety of reasons, especially at the level of countries. However, the spirit of legislations is the same and unique in all religions and it is the Tariqah (Sufi path), Sufism, mysticism and ethical beliefs that have been stable and unchangeable for millenniums, and wisdom has accepted and accepts them in all times and locations. Thus, if the international public law is to be defined and designed upon the base of the unique religions' spirit, we will reach a unique law with most publicity. This paper aims to address these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper explores the foundation of public international law from the theosophy approach of Islamic Sufism and mysticism.
Findings
By raising 38 principles, the paper proposes basic principles of important public international law subjects to prepare a backbone for recompilation of new law in this subject matter.
Research limitations/implications
Comparative researches in other religions' Gnosticism will be helpful.
Practical implications
These principles can be used for applied debates in the field and become new international law.
Social implications
Delicateness, truthfulness, and righteousness of Islamic Sufism may turn the attentions of scholars and researchers to this viewpoint, and a new set of laws to be codified.
Originality/value
Public international law scholars have not touched the topic from a Sufi viewpoint. This paper opens new challenging arena for those who are engaged in.
Details
Keywords
Establishing peace, security and discipline for individuals, nations and states in contemporary international order is of the highest importance at the present time…
Abstract
Purpose
Establishing peace, security and discipline for individuals, nations and states in contemporary international order is of the highest importance at the present time. Regularization should be done through approaching natural rights of individuals and also through observing humanistic characteristics and ethics. The aim of this paper is to introduce a legal base to promote international relations.
Design/methodology/approach
A draft for International Relation Declaration based on Islamic Sufi teachings has been compiled, and actually it is an abstract of an extended survey on the subject and opinions in relation to the current international problems.
Findings
This draft has been codified in three main topics of public international law, foreign policy and diplomacy.
Research limitations/implications
To conclude the draft, it should be scrutinized by many scholars in different disciplines, in the next step.
Practical implications
As the mystical characteristics of Sufism and Gnosticism of all religions (Tariqa) are all united and based upon love towards the Creator and consequently towards the creatures of God, these provisions could be agreed upon and put into practice.
Social implications
Delicateness, truthfulness and righteousness of Islamic Sufism, which is the gist of all those elites’ divine messages for thousands of years, one after another, can be of a great help to regulate international relations.
Originality/value
International Law scholars have not looked at this subject matter from the Sufism viewpoint. This paper will shed a light on this point of view from other angles related to the international law such as politics, law and institutions.
Details
Keywords
This paper aims to investigate the relationship between Islam and economic underdevelopment that characterizes many Muslim societies. It examines the Weberian thesis regarding…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the relationship between Islam and economic underdevelopment that characterizes many Muslim societies. It examines the Weberian thesis regarding Islam and development, assessing the role of Islamic law, in addition to the concepts of rationality and fatalism.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews the major theses regarding the link between Islam and development and makes an attempt at explaining economic underdevelopment by engaging the most prominent arguments in this regard.
Findings
Lack of development in most Muslim societies is a multidimensional problem, and it would not help to rely on explanations that are culturally deterministic or sociologically reductionist.
Practical implications
Development requires improvements at various regulatory, economic, educational, and social levels. It also requires a significant transformation in people’s value systems that guide their actions. This requires a process of self-examination, not only looking at exogenous factors to explain failures, but also to focus on one’s own responsibility to alleviate crisis situations.
Originality/value
This paper challenges many of the for-granted theses regarding the purported link between Islam and development. While not dispelling the need for internal reflection for Muslim societies, it puts some of the popular arguments regarding this link in proper perspective.
Details
Keywords
Governing principles of the world countries' current foreign policies are based on nationalism and in the realization of this aspiration, human rights in other countries are less…
Abstract
Purpose
Governing principles of the world countries' current foreign policies are based on nationalism and in the realization of this aspiration, human rights in other countries are less considered and demands of national interests on other issues are surpassed. Islam, in principle, is opposite to this approach. However, national interests are important in Islam, but Islam does not try to achieve this target by destruction of other countries and rights violations of their peoples. Interests of Islam's government are based on expediency of humankind as a whole and its foreign policy should be arranged in a way to fulfill this target. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to introduce the basic principles of foreign policy in Islam based on the Sufi standpoint.
Design/methodology/approach
Islam aims to improve humanities based on moralities and spiritualities. Some principles for reaching this goal based on Islamic Sufism standpoints are provided.
Findings
In total, 32 principles are introduced.
Research limitations/implications
Comparative researches in other religions' Gnosticism will be helpful.
Practical implications
These principles can be used for applied debates in the field and be ended to new international regulations.
Social implications
Delicateness, truthfulness, and righteousness of Islamic Sufism, may turn the attentions of scholars and researchers to this viewpoint, and enable a new set of regulations to be codified.
Originality/value
Political scientists have not touched the topic from a Sufi point of view. This paper brings this approach to a new challenging arena.
Details
Keywords
Governing principles of the world countries' current foreign policies are based on nationalism and in the realization of this aspiration, human rights in other countries are less…
Abstract
Purpose
Governing principles of the world countries' current foreign policies are based on nationalism and in the realization of this aspiration, human rights in other countries are less considered and demands of national interests on other issues are surpassed. Islam, in principle, is opposite to this approach. However, national interests are important in Islam, but Islam does not try to achieve this target at the price of destruction of other countries and rights violations of their peoples. The interests of Islam's government are based on expediency of humankind as a whole and in its foreign policy should be arranged in a way to fulfil this target. In this regards this paper aims to introduce the basic principles of foreign policy in Islam based on the Sufi standpoint.
Design/methodology/approach
Islam aims to improve humanities based on moralities and spiritualities. Some principles for reaching this goal based on Islamic Sufism standpoints are provided.
Findings
The paper reveals 32 principles.
Research limitations/implications
Comparative research in other religions' Gnosticism will be helpful.
Practical implications
These principles can be used for applied debates in the field and ended with new international regulations.
Social implications
Delicateness, truthfulness, and righteousness of Islamic Sufism may turn the attentions of scholars and researchers to this viewpoint, and a new set of regulations to be codified.
Originality/value
Political scientists have not touched the topic from a Sufi point of view. This paper brings this approach to a new challenging arena for those who are engaged in it.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to develop understanding of the problems of classification, to discover the classification practices of libraries with rich collections on Islam cited…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop understanding of the problems of classification, to discover the classification practices of libraries with rich collections on Islam cited in the literature, to find the gaps, and to determine the point from which to start work on further development.
Design/methodology/approach
Published and unpublished literature, both print and electronic, that is relevant to the problem was reviewed objectively in the compilation of this paper.
Findings
Standard classification systems lack proper space for materials on Islam for two reasons: less awareness on the part of devisers of the depth and variety of Islamic topics; and their bias and lack of interest in Islam. Different indigenous classification systems and expansions have been developed, using either the original notation or alternative notations. Some systems have been developed without following any standards or logic. This study has revealed a need for empirical study of libraries with rich collections on Islam in order to gain a better understanding of the problem and find an optimal solution.
Research limitations/implications
No empirical field data are included in this study. This is a review of the literature.
Originality/value
The author indicates the current situation of the problem and a potential framework for its solution.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the first causes of right, law and legislation, namely, the philosophy of law. To know the principles of right, it is essential to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the first causes of right, law and legislation, namely, the philosophy of law. To know the principles of right, it is essential to recognise its aim. The concept of “Justicia” is in full agreement with Islamic law. The adaptation of duty to genesis and nature is crucial to distinguish the legal and illegal domains of deeds. The legislation domain is one of the subjects of this paper.
Design/methodology/approach
In Sufi viewpoint, justice stands for: “Putting everything in its own place that causes its utmost growth”. This definition expands the domain of legislation by focusing on ethics and humanitarian transcendence. It not only considers equal living and civil rights for all the people, but also provides more additional rights for those who are more aptitude to grow.
Findings
Determining law-making borders raises the major question that how far it should be extended, providing the acceptability and stability of laws.
Practical implications
People are not equal to each other, but this inequality is not to be for domination or exploitation of the others. It means that the talent and growth capability of every individual in different situations differ.
Social implications
Real Islamic justice forces that everyone receives his right due to his/her growth eligibility and up to his/her level of inherent aptitude.
Originality/value
The depth of this approach has not been fully discussed yet.
Details