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Article
Publication date: 28 June 2013

Yuwei Luo and Weihua Xie

The bioavailability of iron from faba bean is low because it is present as an insoluble complex with food components such as phytate, fiber and tannin. The purpose of this paper…

Abstract

Purpose

The bioavailability of iron from faba bean is low because it is present as an insoluble complex with food components such as phytate, fiber and tannin. The purpose of this paper is to try to identify the nature of the complexes between anti‐nutritional factors and iron in faba bean and legume fractions by using simulations of gastro‐intestinal digestion.

Design/methodology/approach

To this aim, the authors evaluated the effect of the action of fiber‐ and/or phytate‐degrading enzymes on solubilization of iron from insoluble residues obtained after gastro‐intestinal digestion of faba bean flour and fractions.

Findings

In insoluble residues of raw faba bean flour, simultaneous action of cellulase and phytases made it possible to release about 28 percent units more iron than that released with the treatment without enzymes. About 49.8 percent of iron in raw faba bean flour was solubilized after in vitro digestion and simultaneous action of cellulase and phytase. In the residues of the hull fraction, a significant increase in iron solubility has not been seen (p>0.05) after action of cellulase or phytases. Simultaneous action of cellulase and phytase led to the release of more than 60 and 18 percent units of additional iron for residues of dehulled faba bean and hull fractions, respectively.

Originality/value

In dehulled faba bean, iron was chelated by phytates and fibers. In the hull of faba bean, a high proportion of iron was chelated by iron‐tannins, while the rest of iron was chelated in complexes between phytates and fibers.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 115 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 6 June 2016

Rachna Jain, Amit Sharma, Manish Kumar Bhadu and Keshave Swarnkar

The aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of steel samples in different environments before and after the treatment with rust metamorphose (RM)…

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of steel samples in different environments before and after the treatment with rust metamorphose (RM), which is formulated in this research study and shows excellent adherence over the rusted surface of substrate because of the presence of the P-O-Fe bond.

Design/methodology/approach

An RM solution (phosphorylated polyphenol) was synthesised and characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and then the degree of protection offered by it to steel surfaces with and without the treatment with the RM solution in different atmospheres was evaluated;. Before and after treating with the RM solution, the corroded steel samples were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The study of the passive behaviours of the corroded steel samples and RM-treated steel samples was done in different simulated atmospheres.

Findings

This RM solution is phosphorylated polyphenol solution (proved by FT-IR), which acts as a corrosion inhibitor on corroded steel surfaces because of the formation of a passive and symmetric adherent layer of phosphorylated polyphenol–iron complex (confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, EDS, SEM and adhesion X test). The significant improvement in corrosion resistance in splash conditions of 3.5 per cent NaCl, tap water and 1.5 per cent Na2SO4 was found with the treatment of phosphorylated polyphenol-based RM.

Originality/value

The development of RM and its characterisation with performance evaluation in different atmospheres is a novel approach in this research.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 63 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2004

M.S. Butt, M. Ihsanullah Qamar, F.M. Anjum, Abdul Aziz and M. Atif Randhawa

Brown flour was developed by incorporating different proportions of wheat bran, i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent into the residual flour (milling by‐product of pizza flour). Each…

Abstract

Brown flour was developed by incorporating different proportions of wheat bran, i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent into the residual flour (milling by‐product of pizza flour). Each treatment of brown flour, wheat bran and whole wheat flour was subjected for proximate composition and iron content. The highest iron content was observed in wheat bran i.e. 64.6mg/kg whereas iron content in different treatments of brown flour ranged from 16.8 to 29.2mg/kg. Phytic acid content ranged from 0.72 to 1.09g/100g in different flour treatments. Chapatties prepared from the respective flour samples were further evaluated for various chemical and sensory attributes. The brown flour prepared by the addition of 10 percent bran showed better performance and was quite comparable with whole wheat flour regarding the proximate and sensory attributes like color, flavor, texture, taste, folding ability, chewing ability and appearance. Moreover, the same sample (T3) had better iron content than whole wheat flour. Chapatties prepared with brown flour containing 10 percent followed by 15 percent bran were of best quality and quite comparable with chapatties prepared from whole wheat flour.

Details

Nutrition & Food Science, vol. 34 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0034-6659

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 November 2017

Nacira Mecheri, Messaoud Benounis and Houcine Barhoumi

This work aims to determine iron (III) in real water by using a new amperometric sensor on the basis of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to test and characterize a new modified selective…

Abstract

Purpose

This work aims to determine iron (III) in real water by using a new amperometric sensor on the basis of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to test and characterize a new modified selective platinum electrode.

Design/methodology/approach

In this review, the authors focus on testing and characterizing several polymeric membranes by using cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) methods to differentiate the nature of plasticizers (2-Nitrophenyl octyl ether [NPOE], Di-n-octyl phthalate, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, PEG. The authors have evaluated the possibility of using crown ether and three zeolite ionophore (faujasite [FAU], Chabazite and ZSM-5) matrixes as novel materials for the selective determination of iron (III) using SWV for the best membranes.

Findings

The results demonstrated that the modified platinum electrode presents linear dependence of amperometric signal with a wide linear range of 10−9 to 10−4 mol.L−1 for iron determination, revealing a detection limit of 10−10 mol.L−1 and amperometric sensibility of 58.58 µA/mol.L−1. The slope of the membrane plasticized with PEG calibration curve is six times higher than that of the other membranes. It was noticed that when the crown ether and the three zeolite ionophores were used, as a new detective material for iron with the membrane plasticized with PEG, the expected results were highly proven. The modified platinum electrode showed high selectivity to iron (III) when the heavy metal ions such as Ni (II), Al (III), Zn (III), Cd (II), Gd (II) and Cu (II) were present.

Originality/value

The utility of the method and the efficiency of the best membrane sensor have been accurately tested by the determination of iron in real water samples of Hassi Messaoud, south of Algeria.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 37 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 14 August 2007

Matjaž Dolinar, Drago Dolinar, Gorazd Štumberger and Boštjan Polajžer

The majority of three‐phase dynamic transformer models used in commercially available electric power system transient simulation programs offer only saturated three‐phase…

Abstract

Purpose

The majority of three‐phase dynamic transformer models used in commercially available electric power system transient simulation programs offer only saturated three‐phase transformer models built from three single‐phase transformer models. This paper sets out to deal with the modelling and transient analysis of a saturated three‐limb core‐type transformer.

Design/methodology/approach

Three iron core models I‐III are given by the current‐dependent characteristics of flux linkages. In the first model, these characteristics are given by a set of piecewise linear functions, which include saturation. In the second model, the piecewise linear functions are replaced by the measured nonlinear characteristic. The more complex third model is given by a set of measured flux linkage characteristics.

Findings

The behaviour of transformers used in electric power applications depends considerably on the properties of magnetically nonlinear iron core. The best agreement between the calculated and measured results is obtained by use of the most complex iron core model III, which takes into account magnetic cross‐couplings between different limbs, caused by saturation.

Research limitations/implications

Measurement of the current‐dependent flux linkage characteristics of the 0.4 kV, 3.5 kVA laboratory transformer requires corresponding excitation of windings by three independent linear amplifiers. Current‐dependent flux linkage characteristics of the larger power transformer can be determined either by similar measurement with linear amplifiers of an appropriate power or by extracting them from the calculated magnetic field, which is done by the finite element method.

Practical implications

A three‐phase dynamic transformer model with the obtained iron core model III is suitable for the numerical analysis of nonsymmetric transient states in power systems.

Originality/value

This paper presents a three‐phase dynamic transformer model with an original iron core model III, which accounts for magnetic cross‐couplings between different limbs, caused by saturation.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 26 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 2006

Heon Lee, Heegon Moon, Semyung Wang and Kyungbae Park

Aims to discuss iron loss analysis and experimenting with linear oscillating actuator for linear compressor.

Abstract

Purpose

Aims to discuss iron loss analysis and experimenting with linear oscillating actuator for linear compressor.

Design/methodology/approach

The iron loss analysis of the linear oscillating actuator is performed by using ANSYS and iron loss curves, which is obtained by an Epstein test apparatus.

Findings

The way to calculate the iron loss of the linear oscillating actuator for the linear compressor and the method to experiment the iron loss of that can be studied.

Research limitations/implications

Iron loss analysis of the linear compressor considering the motor part and the structure part is needed.

Originality/value

Each iron loss analysis method examined here can be used to analyze the iron loss of the linear motor.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 25 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1982

G. Leonida

Mass soldering has not entirely replaced manual soldering and it is possible to enumerate various applications of the latter. The basic tool for the manual process is the…

Abstract

Mass soldering has not entirely replaced manual soldering and it is possible to enumerate various applications of the latter. The basic tool for the manual process is the soldering iron, with its vital major component, the bit. Parameters to be taken into account include power available at the bit, maximum bit temperature, thermal capacity and recovery time. Considerable detail is provided on the criteria that govern the choice of soldering iron bits, and a few useful soldering aids described. Although individual styles of hand soldering emerge, following the preferred practice should guarantee reliable joints. After an outline of the optimal operating procedure, some information is given on touch‐up, desoldering and structural joints. This article is an extract from the book “Handbook of Printed Circuit Design, Manufacture, Components and Assembly” by G. Leonida, published by Electrochemical Publications Limited, 8 Barns Street, Ayr, Scotland.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 8 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Article
Publication date: 8 May 2018

Zhiling Ma, Yajing Wen, Chunyan Zhang and Jing Wang

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of encapsulation pH and iron source on the anchorage mode and performance of iron oxide-encapsulated aluminium pigments.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of encapsulation pH and iron source on the anchorage mode and performance of iron oxide-encapsulated aluminium pigments.

Design/methodology/approach

The coloured waterborne aluminium pigments were prepared at pH 5-7.5 by using FeSO4 and FeCl3 as iron source. The anchorage mode of iron oxides on aluminium was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the pigmentary performance was characterized through anticorrosion test and multi-angle spectroscopy.

Findings

Diaspore and boehmite could form from H2O2 oxidizing aluminium. Both low pH and FeSO4 systems are beneficial for diaspore, inducing green rust anchor on the aluminium to form goethite. Either in FeSO4 or FeCl3 system, slightly high pH is beneficial for the formation of boehmite, which occurred together with ferrihydrite to form denser coating with yellowness and excellent anticorrosion property. At pH above 7, the formation of dendritic iron oxide is detrimental to the anticorrosion property and the glossiness.

Research limitations/implications

Only FeSO4·7H2O and FeCl3·6H2O as iron sources were explored.

Practical implications

The investigation results provide theoretical basis to obtain excellent chromatic waterborne aluminium pigments.

Originality/value

The method for investigation of encapsulation mechanism by surveying the structure of iron oxides on aluminium, which varies with the pH of the system and iron sources, is novel.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 47 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2006

Ksenija Babić‐Samardžija and Norman Hackerman

The objective in the present paper is a better understanding of acidic corrosion inhibition by polypyrazolylborates on iron electrodes. Structural and electronic effects of these…

Abstract

Purpose

The objective in the present paper is a better understanding of acidic corrosion inhibition by polypyrazolylborates on iron electrodes. Structural and electronic effects of these compounds are discussed in relation to the inhibiting efficiencies and absorption.

Design/methodology/approach

Two polypyrazolylborates, i.e. dihydrobis(1‐pyrazolyl) borate (Bp) and hydrotris(1‐pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for iron in 1 mol/l HCl and in 0.5 mol/l H2SO4 using Tafel measurements, linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Theoretical explanation between molecular parameters of these compounds and inhibitor efficiency (IE) was made using the MNDO SCF‐MO method. Morphological changes of the reacted surfaces were monitored via SEM.

Findings

Results obtained show higher inhibition effect of Bp than Tp. Inhibitors are more efficient in HCl than in H2SO4. Corrosion current and corrosion rate (CR) decrease with inhibitor concentration, while polarization and charge transfer resistance markedly increase from 10−4 to 10−2 mol/l inhibitor concentration range. All impedance data are modeled with an equivalent circuit model. The semicircular shape of Nyquist plots is indicative of a charge transfer process occurring via a parallel resistor and capacitor.

Originality/value

This study provides constructive information relative to corrosion inhibitor behavior of polypyrazolylborates in acids. Using the molecular modeling calculations, the compounds were characterized in terms of their structural properties and inhibition activity. It was noticed how exposure to the inhibitor solution changes the film morphology.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 53 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 17 June 2020

Ilhem Ghodbane, Saida Zougar, Rim Lamari and Rochdi Kherrrat

This paper aims to focus on the development and characterization of a new electrochemical sensor, designed for the detection of methylene blue present in aqueous medium.

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on the development and characterization of a new electrochemical sensor, designed for the detection of methylene blue present in aqueous medium.

Design/methodology/approach

This sensor is obtained through the coupling of a polymeric membrane and an ion-sensitive electrode (platinum electrode). The preparation of the polymeric membrane involves the incorporation of a receptor: β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a polymer (polyvinylchloride) and a plasticizer (dioctylphtalate). Cyclic voltammetry method (CV) was used to investigate the electrical properties of this electrochemical sensor. The effect of the experimental parameters such as dye initial concentration, scan rate, interfering elements presence and additional Nafion membrane presence was investigated in this paper.

Findings

The results are interesting because the developed sensor gives a linear response in concentrations range of 10−13 M–10−3 M with a good correlation coefficient of 0.979 and a detection limit of 10−13 M, which reflects the sensitivity of this sensor to the target element. The sensibility value is equal to 2. 40 µA mol−1 L.

Originality/value

The present study has shown that the modified electrode is a very good candidate in terms of price, sensibility and reproducibility for the construction of the sensitive sensor for the control of wastewater containing methylene blue.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 40 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

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