Search results

The purpose of this paper is to provide new insights into religious expatriates’ cultural intelligence, adaptation and the role of motivation. Drawing mainly from the theory of intelligence (Sternberg, 1999) and theory of self-determination (Deci and Ryan, 2000), the study posits that cultural intelligence of a religious expatriate is positively and significantly related to his or her psychological and sociocultural adaptation. Moreover, the study hypothesizes that intrinsic motivation, as a type of motivation, plays a significant role in moderating the relationship between cultural intelligence and adaptation (both psychological and sociocultural).

In total, 110 religious expatriates from various religious communities were surveyed. They were asked to rate their cultural intelligence, intrinsic motivation and adaptation (i.e. psychological and sociocultural).

The results demonstrate that cultural intelligence is positively and significantly related to both psychological and sociocultural adaptation. Furthermore, results show that intrinsic motivation, as a type of motivation, moderates the relationship between cultural intelligence and adaptation (both psychological and sociocultural).

The study contributes to the limited studies on non-corporate expatriation focusing mainly on religious expatriation. In addition, it adds value by generating new insights into the importance not only of cultural intelligence but also of intrinsic motivation in ensuring high levels of psychological and sociocultural adaptation. It further offers a number of practical insights that can be relevant for both corporate and non-corporate expatriates.

Religion as a cultural element has the potential to drive a strong boycott campaign. Previous studies acknowledge the role of religion in consumer boycotts yet did not investigate its role in influencing the very core of consumers’ motivation to participate in religion-based boycott. The purpose of this paper is to explore the fundamental nature of religious influence in an international religion-based consumer boycott. The research model tests the role of intrinsic religious motivation as the root of Muslim consumers’ motivational factors to participate and their intention to boycott US food brand.

The study adopted the Hoffman’s’ (2013) consumer boycott model to test the hypotheses. Survey method is used to collect primary data from Muslim millennials in a northern state of Malaysia. The study tested its five hypotheses on a data set of 325 cases using structural equation modelling (partial least squares regression).

The findings support the primary role of religion influences underlying boycott motivation factors. The intrinsic religious motivation is related to all the four boycott’s motivation factors (i.e. attitudes towards boycotting the brand, subjective norms, make a difference, self-enhancement), and indirectly contributing to intentions to boycott US food brand through the constructs of self-enhancement, subjective norms and attitudes towards the boycott.

The study is a cross-sectional in nature, confined to one US food brand. The findings may be limited to Muslim millennials in the same region or similar cultural background of the country surveyed.

Businesses may want to consider working with social agencies involved in a religion-driven consumer boycott in mitigating negative influences of such boycott on brands.

The study shows the root of consumers’ motivation to participate in an international religion-based consumer boycott, i.e. intrinsic religious motivation, by illustrating the mechanisms of religious influences (i.e. intrinsic religious motivation) on consumers’ intention to participate in Islam-driven boycott.

The expansion of religious diversity in US workplaces increases the relevance of leaders' religious motivations and the impact on their organizations. This paper aims to investigate whether small company leaders' religious motivations predict their perceptions that their organization's values are directed to the welfare of others.

A survey was mailed to top executives of Midwestern US firms with 20 to 250 employees, measuring leaders' organizational values and religious motivation. The sample revealed itself to be mostly Christian.

Findings show that, as predicted, leaders higher in extrinsic religious motivation toward personal benefit were less likely than those lower in this type of religious motivation to perceive other‐directed organizational values. However, neither intrinsic religious motivation nor extrinsic religious motivation toward social ends predicted a tendency to perceive other‐directed organizational values.

Future research directions could assess the impact of beliefs associated with faith traditions on leader values and decision making. Further, a qualitative approach to data gathering may result in richer data. Limitations include a relatively low response rate and a sample skewed toward religiously motivated, mostly Christian small business leaders.

Just because small business leaders are religiously motivated does not mean that their perceived organizational values will be directed toward the welfare of others.

Little research exists about how small business leaders' religious motivations affect their organizational values. This research counters common assumptions that leaders' religious motivations will affect how they view their organizations' values.

Despite the importance of sustainability, some conservative religious groups do not believe and support climate change. There is a continuous debate on the role of religion on people’s attitudes toward the environment. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to (1) explore the impact of consumers’ religious orientation on motivation and commitment toward recycling; (2) examine the impact of economic motivation, commitment and love for nature toward intention to recycle; (3) investigate the mediating effect of motivation, commitment and love for nature on the relationship between consumer religiosity and their intention to recycle; and (4) examine the impact of consumers’ intention toward its subsequent behavior.

Using convenience sampling methods, participants were recruited through an online survey platform (MTurk). The total completed respondents are 827 participants.

The results show consumers’ religiousness influence their motivation, commitment and love for nature. This study shows that consumers with high intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness are more likely to be motivated by economic motivation. Being religious does not make consumers more environmentally friendly.

This study did not separate religion and between religious and non-religious consumers. Each religion may perceive environments differently. Future research may investigate each religion separately.

This paper has several contributions: (1) it contributes to the debate on the impact of religiousness on consumers’ attitudes toward sustainable-related behavior such as recycling. Does it matter? (2) the results show the most effective way to increase people’s intention to recycle; and (3) the results of this study will have implications for government, religious institutions on how to increase positive attitude toward the environment especially among religious consumers.

This paper aims to investigate the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations represented in religious motivation and customer equity (CE) drivers, respectively, and switching costs (SCs), on customer’s retention to conventional banks and their switching intention (SI) to Islamic ones in the context of the Egyptian banking sector.

Based on the literature, a theoretical model is proposed and examined using structural equation modeling (AMOS) 24. Data were obtained using an intercept sample of 273 conventional bank customers in two major cities in Egypt, namely, Cairo and Giza.

The results supported the positive effect of CE and SCs on customer retention (CR) to conventional banks. Value equity has direct positive effect on CR. In addition, SC significantly mediated the relationship between relationship equity (RE) and service encounter employee’s equity (SEEE) and CR. Finally, religious motivations positively and significantly influence customers SI to Islamic banks.

CE, including all its drivers, namely, value, brand, relationship and SEEE, are the best force of CR in the Egyptian banking sector. The mediating role of SC in the relation between RE and SEEE and CR is perceived as a barrier to switch, instead of reflecting real desire from customers to stay tuned to their conventional banks. In addition, religious motivation should be considered while planning banking services because of its significant direct effect on customers SI from conventional banks to Islamic ones. Finally, both utilitarian extrinsic motivation and hedonic intrinsic ones are influencing customer’s retention and SI, respectively.

This paper develops and adds a fourth driver to previously examined and validated CE drivers, namely, SEEE. Further, it provides empirical analysis to the effect of religious motivation and CE drivers on SCs, CR and SI in a developing and Islamic dominating context, namely, Egypt. Moreover, it introduces a framework that could be examined and validated in other Islamic contexts to further comprehend bank customers' switching behavior. Yet, the current research focused on the Egyptian banking sector only, where the individual customers represent the sampling unit.

This study aims to provide insights on the influence of Muslim consumers’ knowledge on products subjected to contemporary fatwa ruling and their subsequent cognitive and behavioural responses.

MANOVA and MANCOVA were used to examine the influence of religious orientation on young Malaysian Muslims’ product knowledge, and the extent of religious orientation and gender on Muslim consumers’ attitude and behaviour towards three contemporary fatwa rulings of products.

Respondents’ religious orientation differentiates their knowledge on fatwa prohibition ruling of selected brand and behaviours. Consumers’ religious orientation and gender explain consumers’ behavioural responses to variables of the Theory of Planned Behaviour for three behaviours. Evidence suggests that ruling types affects (conditional and unconditional) consumers’ responses.

Greater insights are provided on Muslims’ motivation to search information of controversial products, and their subsequent perception and behavioural reactions to controversial products. Findings are limited to the Malaysian Muslim consumers.

The fact that contemporary fatwa reached young Muslim generations indicates that managers have to be wary of fatwa to predict Muslim consumers’ marketplace behaviours.

A significant number of young Malaysian Muslims are keeping abreast with contemporary fatwa. This suggests that they received an early and substantial exposure to Islamic way of life through their socialisation.

This study offer insights into the understandings of the young Muslim generation regarding contemporary fatwa on products, and revealed significant findings in relation to consumer product knowledge and religious influences on consumer behaviour.

The purpose of this study is twofold. First, to investigate whether religiosity holds a significant effect on religious animosity in boycott circumstances in Indonesia and the interplay of religiosity dimensions (Study 1). Second, to investigate the antecedents of the intention to participate in religious boycotts (Study 2). The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is used as the foundation to explore and develop the antecedents.

The quantitative research uses a scenario from a real case of boycott incident in Indonesia; a significant country for the Muslim community and the host to the biggest Muslim population in the world. The case is related to a boycott toward the leading brand of the bakery (Sari Roti). In total, 270 adult Muslims participate as respondents using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The data is then analyzed using multiple regression analyzes.

Study 1 reveals that religiosity has a significant effect on religious animosity. Thus, religiosity is a relevant factor in affecting boycotts. Further, the dimensions of religiosity (intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity) play intertwining roles in affecting religious animosity. Study 2 reveals that the significant antecedents of religious boycott intention are attitude toward religious boycott, normative belief, motivation to comply. The political tendency is a significant covariate. The attitude toward religious boycott has the highest effect on religious boycott intention and is preceded by religious animosity and perceived success likelihood.

The sample is chosen from the population of Indonesian adult Muslims. Hence, caution should be applied when generalizing across other populations.

Results of the current research can help managers to prevent and to anticipate the potential negative impacts of a religious boycott on their businesses through the understanding of the factors affecting the intention to participate in such boycotts. Managers may initiate marketing interventions for such anticipations by creating communications responding to the potential animosity and boycott issues.

Governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can benefit from the current research in their efforts to prevent potential national instability and social or political chaos. The research findings may increase the understanding about antecedents of religious boycott, and, in turn, the governments and NGOs can plan social engineering initiatives for corrective and preventive actions accordingly.

The paper fulfills the conceptual gap by investigating whether religiosity and religious animosity are relevant in the boycott context. The paper also shows the different effects and the interplay among the antecedents of religious boycott intention. There is no prior literature that initiates and integrates the antecedents of religious boycott intention using TPB as the base theory.

This paper aims to investigate how motivation aspects including expected organizational rewards (EOR) and enjoyment in helping others (EHO) drive umrah travelers’ participation. Furthermore, it verifies the effect of umrah travelers’ participation on loyalty and assesses the perceived value and umrah travelers’ satisfaction emerging in this relationship.

The survey uses the purposive sampling method. Data analysis uses confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with a total sample of 438 umrah travelers.

The results show that EOR and EHO affect umrah travelers’ participation; umrah travelers’ participation has a direct effect on umrah travelers’ loyalty; and all the relationships between umrah travelers’ participation, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty are significant.

This study contributes to the theory of religious tourism particularly in identifying the motivation aspects as the antecedents of umrah travelers’ participation beyond religiosity. Furthermore, this study provides the theory of umrah travelers’ participation and loyalty and proposes that perceived value and satisfaction emerge in this relationship.

本研究框架调查了动机方面的内容, 包括预期的组织奖励（EOR）和帮助他人的愉悦感（EHO）是如何推动朝圣旅游者的参与的。 此外, 它验证了朝圣旅游者参与对忠诚度的影响, 并评估了这种关系中出现的感知价值, 以及朝圣旅行者的满意度。

调查采用目的抽样方法。 共收集了438位朝圣旅游者的样本, 采用验证性因素分析和结构方程模型进行数据分析。

结果表明, EOR和EHO影响朝圣旅游者的参与； 朝圣旅游者的参与会直接影响朝圣旅游者的忠诚度； 朝圣旅游者的参与、感知的价值、满意度和忠诚度之间的所有关系都很显著。

这项研究为宗教旅游学理论做出了贡献, 特别是在确定动机方面, 是超越宗教信仰来讨论朝圣旅行者参与度的先驱研究。 此外, 这项研究提供了朝圣旅游者的参与和忠诚度的理论, 并提出在这种关系中出现了感知的价值和满意度。

Este trabajo investiga cómo los aspectos motivacionales, incluidas las recompensas organizacionales esperadas (EOR) y el placer de ayudar a otros (EHO), impulsan la participación de los viajeros “umrah”. Además, verifica el efecto de la participación de dichos viajeros sobre la lealtad y evalúa el valor percibido y satisfacción, que emerge en esta relación.

La encuesta utiliza el método de muestreo intencional. El análisis de los datos, emplea análisis factorial confirmatorio y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), sobre una muestra total de 438 viajeros “umrah”.

Los resultados arrojan que, EOR y EHO afectan a la participación de los viajeros “umrah”; Que la participación de dichos viajeros tiene un efecto directo en la lealtad de los mismos; y todas las relaciones entre la participación de los viajeros de “umrah”, el valor percibido, la satisfacción y la lealtad son significativas. 

Este estudio contribuye al turismo religioso y sus teorías, particularmente en la identificación de los aspectos de motivación y los antecedentes de la participación de los viajeros “umrah”, más allá de la propia religiosidad. Además, este estudio proporciona a la literature, el análisis sobre la participación y lealtad de los viajeros “umrah”, y propone que el valor percibido y la satisfacción de los mismos, sean elementos a considerer en esta relación.

This study aims to evaluate cognitive, personal and environmental factors affecting investors’ behavioral intentions (BI) to invest in ṣukūk (Islamic investment certificates) in Pakistan.

Data from 462 participants were collected through survey-questionnaires by using the convenient sampling technique. Hypothesized proposed relationships among the constructs were examined by applying the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique through smart partial least squares.

Compatibility, internal influence, external influence and intrinsic motivation were found to be significant predictors of investors’ BI to invest in ṣukūk. In addition, it was found that the religious aspect not only affects investors’ BI positively but also works as a moderator in the relationships between BI and both internal and external influence.

The results are quite helpful for ṣukūk issuers and regulators to consider cognitive, personal and environmental factors that might enhance the adoption of ṣukūk, especially among Muslim investors.

This study is among the few research studies that shed light on investors’ BI to invest in ṣukūk. Using social cognitive theory, the study investigates the cognitive, personal and environmental factors influencing ṣukūk adoption, which were previously unexplored. In addition, this is the first study that unveils the influential factors of ṣukūk adoption in Pakistan, a Muslim-majority country.

After a history of mostly ambivalence and neglect, organization‐focused research has shown a steadily growing interest in religiosity and spirituality over the past decade. While organizational scholars have been slower to incorporate religion and spirituality into their research, psychologists have progressed enough to have a well‐developed specialty area, the psychology of religion. This paper delves into the psychology of religion literature by presenting and discussing existing measures, their construction and specific purposes. This paper seeks to encourage, hearten and assist those who are beginning to explore religion and spirituality in the organizational studies.