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This paper describes a scheme which enables an electronic digital computer to deal directly with matrices and matrix instructions. It enables the transformation between the specification of matrix calculations on paper and the actual operations within the computer to be carried out in easy and concise terms. Using this scheme the paper develops the appropriate programmes of instructions to be given to the computer for the calculations involved when applying the Argyris matrix method for the analysis of stresses and displacements in arbitrary clastic structures. In order to introduce the reader to the technique a programme for a simple structure is given in Part I. General purpose programmes applicable to more complex structures are given in Parts II and III.

This chapter presents performance pedagogy as an interdisciplinary construct and potential bridge between history-based performance and classroom teaching. This chapter proposes Living History in the Classroom: Performance and Pedagogy's central theme: that storytelling and historical interpretation are effective teaching tools. These techniques are integral at many public history settings for on-site and outreach education; Freeman Tilden's foundational 1957 interpretive guidelines for America's national parks paired engagement with education and still influence the public history field. Yet, a review of related literature suggests that limited attention has been paid to translating these techniques for educators' use, whether as performers, as mentors for their students, or in collaborating with historic sites. The pedagogy inherent in storytelling and interpretive performance aligns with their potential instructional value, as has been documented for educator's performance pedagogy in the arts. Similarly, the continuing need to engage current and new audiences impacts how these organizations conduct educational programs and visitor attractions. In the same respect, PK-16 educators and administrators consistently seek best practices for engaging today's Generation Z students (born between 1997 and 2012) and the generation that follows, termed Generation Alpha (McCrindle, 2020). This chapter features a performance pedagogy model that combines historical and instructional objectives that draw from research and observation of first-person interpreters performing in teacher professional development workshops and the author's personal instructional and interpretive experience. This chapter contains a related interview with a noted historian-performer and for educators' use, a worksheet with guiding questions to create or analyze a historical character, educational content, related pedagogy, and key aspects of a performance.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an innovative method of performance appraisal that will be useful for designing a structured training programme.

Employees' performance appraisals are conducted using new approaches, namely data envelopment analysis and an integrated fuzzy model. Interpretive structural modelling is used to design a training programme for employees.

Performance appraisals using data envelopment analysis focus on output enhancement, while an integrated fuzzy model using quality function deployment (QFD) and multi‐attribute decision‐making focuses on input enhancement. For overall and continuous improvement of employees' knowledge, skills and attributes, this composite model provides an in‐depth analysis and also offers a means for designing a structured and effective training programme through interpretive structural modelling.

In data envelopment analysis, the number of employees for performance appraisal should be equal to or greater than three times the selected number of input and output factors. In the integrated fuzzy model, the number of main factors should not exceed seven for pairwise comparison. The size of the QFD matrix should not be more than 30.

The factors selected for appraisal and the method of appraisal should be known by the employees concerned. Consensus among all those concerned is necessary for effective application and utilization of the model.

This model provides a means to increase the knowledge, skills and attributes of employees by adopting a structured approach to designing a training programme for employees of various categories. The approaches used are well‐established and can be applied in many other fields.

In this paper, approaches used for appraisals and designing training programmes are new to this field of study, although they have been successfully proven in many other fields. The results obtained using these methods are useful for helping management to make decisions on training needs, bonuses, incentives and promotions. For the employees, a structured training programme design improves their KSA, quality and standards.

The purpose of this paper is to present an approach to applied archaeology and interpretive methods for Iranian traditional archaeology. Applied archaeology is based on a holistic approach providing rational approaches in the field of cultural heritage preservation and sustainable use of the potential of cultural heritage with the participation of the people. This paper aims to create social good standing archaeology knowledge with respect to Iranian archaeology experts.

In this survey study, data collection was accomplished using a questionnaire. The sample consists of professors, PhD students, post-graduate fellows, and educated experts of the Iranian Tourism, Handicrafts and Cultural Heritage Organization.

Applied archaeology as a provider of situations, positions and employment opportunities for archaeologists has not been considered seriously in the Iranian archaeological education. Traditional education emphasizes the cultural history and field techniques; hence it does not consist of critical areas of heritage codes, protection and budget management, business skill and the most important, interpretation and consequently sustainable development. Iranian archaeologists agree with the findings of the applied archaeology. Evaluation of their opinions reveals that they agree with all applied archaeology items of the questionnaire.

As an approach, applied archaeology can be proactive and improve the status of archaeology in the Iranian field of cultural heritage, and representations of outputs such as site-museum and sustainable use of them which ultimately fulfil social, economic and even political-identity purposes, then applied archaeology can be a constructive element in archaeology and prevent vandalism and looting in cultural heritage.

The purpose of this study is to understand deeply the important elements of the initial phase of treatment. This is important mainly because the retention of patients at the beginning of treatment is associated with better therapeutic results.

The participants were 14 people suffering from addiction to drugs who attended a residential treatment program that follows the principles of therapeutic communities. The data obtained by semi-structured interview were qualitatively analyzed by interpretive phenomenological analysis.

The results showed the importance and value of the group as a therapeutic tool, highlighted the consequences of long-term substance use, optimism as the main emotion and confirmed the controversial role of social support.

The value of the study lies in highlighting the important therapeutic elements of the initial treatment phase through the way the patients themselves experience them. The results are discussed on the basis of the enhancement of the therapeutic interventions that are followed at this initial treatment stage.

Wrap fee programs are an increasingly popular product offered by broker‐dealers and investment managers to their clients. Wrap fee programs present unique issues under both the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Investment Company Act”) and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”), the two primary bodies of law that govern the product and those who offer and manage it. The regulations and rules under those Acts applicable to wrap fee programs and related interpretive statements made by the SEC staff, however, are wide ranging and have not been provided in a single format. This article attempts to present a comprehensive discussion on the regulation of wrap fee programs, as well as the many compliance issues associated with these programs. The article is delivered in two parts. Part I, presented in this issue, addresses the regulation of wrap fee programs under the Investment Company Act. Part I also begins a review of unique issues arising under the Advisers Act, including registration requirements for wrap fee sponsors and other persons who manage or offer the product to their clients, as well as required contents for wrap fee brochures and related disclosure issues. Part II, which will be presented in the next issue, will discuss additional Advisers Act issues such as suitability, fees and advertising. It also will briefly review issues arising under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”).

This paper develops general purpose programmes for an electronic digital computer for use when the Argyris Matrix Method of Structural Analysis is employed. Programmes for both the force and displacement methods are given and they apply for arbitrarily large structures. The procedure to be followed in the particular case of the structural analysis of a delta wing is outlined and the advantages of using magnetic tape storage are considered.

My objective is to give a thumbnail sketch of the computing art, and perhaps to kill a few fallacies on the way. One fallacy which I will tackle right away is the idea that computers are essentially for numerical computations, and that if they do anything else it is, like Dr Johnson's description of a woman's preaching, ‘not done well, but it is surprising to find that it is done at all’. It is true that numerical computing was the umbilical cord on which the electronic computer was born; but the digital computer uses pulse patterns to represent the data, and there is nothing essentially numerical about the pulses.

This paper aims to examine how small, grass‐roots non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) account for their actions and expenditures and how this accountability is discharged to, and benefits, the citizens they serve.

The paper draws on social capital theory to inform an interpretive analysis of documentary and interview evidence. The empirical material is derived from CHAI policy and project documents, coupled with interviews with 75 participants at the national, district and community levels of the CHAI programme. An illustrative case study is presented of an NGO that delivers welfare services to a Ugandan community affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

The research finds that, by harnessing the attributes of social capital, grass‐roots NGOs can supplement formal accountability obligations to funders with effective “bottom‐up” accountability to an often overlooked NGO stakeholder group – the service beneficiaries, with positive outcomes for social services delivery.

The research examines a single community‐led public welfare initiative (the Ugandan CHAI), with a particular focus on one illustrative grass‐roots NGO within that programme. Nevertheless, it offers insights into how accountability mechanisms can be reconceptualised to suit the context of developing countries where smaller NGOs increasingly operate.

The potential for less formal, “bottom‐up” accountability mechanisms is illustrated using the case of the Ugandan community‐led HIV/AIDS initiative (CHAI), a programme for delivering social services to communities ravaged by the effects of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

This research addresses the lack of empirical studies of smaller, grass‐roots NGOs in the accounting literature. It also contributes to the under‐researched area of how NGOs can appropriately discharge their accountability obligations to beneficiaries. The use of social capital theory to inform the study is also a novel contribution of this paper.

Dr T M Husband suggests some basic reforms in the planning of management courses.