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Highlights how the World Wide Web paved the way for the information age. Defines the portal as a gateway to information and a one‐stop Web site that tries to satisfy most personal daily Web needs. Lists the core functions, applications and priorities of a portal. Categorizes portals into three major types: horizontal, vertical and corporate, based on specific application or area. Presents the Asian scenario of Internet growth and popping up of portals with a country wide portal list. Despite the constraints of infrastructure, Net access and low awareness, the Indian portal scenario resembles a gold rush with the phenomenon of “get‐online, get‐rich”. Lists the major Indian portals: rediff.com, indiainfo.com, expressindia.com, indiatimes.com, sify.com, ciol.com, etc. Identifies the factors for portal success as access route, strategic alliance, content route, alternative content route and examines general versus specialized portals, with examples. Concludes that the future is for niche portals that cater for sophisticated users, provide knowledge for competitiveness, and adopt new Internet technologies, connective issues and local content.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the needs of digital library stakeholders and how a collaborative digital library might be designed to meet these needs. The collaborative digital library has been conceived to support secondary school students' information needs in conducting school‐based projects.

The paper uses the Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture as the approach to investigate the user requirements and define the digital library organization, resources, processes, technology and information flows In applying the Zachman Framework and to holistically control the study, the case study approach and multiple data collection techniques were adopted.

Information obtained from these data gathering techniques helps to populate the requirements of the top three layers (18 cells) in the Zachman Framework to ascertain the design details of the digital library's scope, business and system model. The framework requires the abstraction of the characteristics and features of the digital library based on Zachman's six dimensions – motivation, data, people, process, place and time – as well as explains their structures and processes from the perspectives of the planner, owner and designer of the digital library.

The paper is of significance in the field of collaborative digital libraries, since the perspectives and dimensions established from the framework comprehensively capture the user needs and context of use, and help ensure that everything relevant to the digital library enterprise is covered.

The purpose of this paper is to create a conceptual model that practically assists companies to produce an effective voluntary external intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) and valorises both the company’s and the stakeholders’ role. It illustrates the relationship among voluntary ICD mechanisms and it takes into consideration the feedback mechanism from external stakeholders.

Nielsen and Madsen’s (2009) study constitutes the framework of the conceptual model, as it refers to a “sender to receiver” model, which is particularly useful for the research.

An effective ICD may only be achieved through a combination of decisions taking into account each individual company’s needs and those of stakeholders’ ones. In addition, the dimensions on which the conceptual model is based are already in use in other widespread disclosure models, and this favours the company.

Limitations concern design features, recipients and validity of the conceptual model. In terms of theoretical implications, the model emphasizes an “integrated ICD” approach; in addition, the model is based on some dimensions which characterize widespread and general communication models already in use.

First, this relates to the production of an effective ICD when considered as “one-way information”, from the company to the stakeholders. Second, this relates to the interaction between the company and its stakeholders, within a dyadic exchange.

The conceptual model is based on some dimensions which characterize widespread and general communication models already in use, which in the model are applied to ICD. Therefore, companies may favour making an ICD, as they are already confident and familiar with these dimensions.

The purpose of this paper is to examine innovative union use of the internet in the 2000s and to see whether the major union innovations in the USA and UK mark the advent of “open source” union structures.

Reviews two important innovations, www.workingamerica.org and www.unionreps.org.uk Examines how they may fit with the open source union design.

Both the AFL‐CIO and US union efforts to develop open source union forms and the TUC and UK union efforts to improve services to workers and members through the internet mark the advent of the open source union form. The two countries have different approaches to this innovation, which reflect the differing problems faced by unions in the USA and UK. In both countries, unions will have to find the appropriate mix of on‐line and off‐line activities to create stable open source organizations.

No other paper has examined union use of the internet in terms of creating the new open source union form.

Existing studies examine the effect of mobile service quality (M-S-QUAL) on shoppers' intent to continue mobile shopping using various theoretical lenses to understand its underlying factors. However, there is limited research focusing on combining theories to integrate the understanding of the factors that contribute to continuance intention of customers towards mobile shopping. This study integrated M-S-QUAL, the technology adoption model (TAM) and technology continuance theory (TCT) to test our proposed conceptual model of mobile shopping use

Empirical data from a survey of 193 respondents who frequently make purchases using mobile and its applications were analysed using partial least squares based on structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

This study found that M-S-QUAL and perceived usefulness (PU) positively influence shopping satisfaction and CI. PU and innovativeness, positively affect shopping satisfaction and CI. The study also found support for the mediating effect of satisfaction between M-S-QUAL and PU with CI.

This study contributes to TCT by incorporating pre-purchase and post-purchase dimensions for mobile shopping through applications. Pre-purchase variables include technology-related and innovativeness-related features. In contrast, post-purchase variables include the service quality of forward and reverse logistics.

The service providers should focus on technology and innovativeness to increase the continuing intent of shoppers through mobile applications.

This study validates fulfilment, responsiveness and contact as key determinants of service quality in mobile shopping. It also identifies the practical implications to the managers for improving service quality, innovativeness and the PU of mobile shopping to retain customers.