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Examines the factors that must be taken into account when determining the international pricing of a product, utilising specific examples from industry. Argues that specific country preferences require organisations to adapt pricing. Promotes a framework for analysing the micro environment and identifies ways in which organisations can use international pricing to gain a competitive advantage. Proposes the need for a predetermined management mentality and points out that until pricing is given the attention it deserves, and is respected as an essential element of international success, organisations will under‐perform. Presents limitations and offers direction for further research.

This study aims to organise and present the development of asset pricing models in the international environment. The stock market integration and cross-listing lead us to another objective of bibliometric analysis for “International Asset Pricing” to provide a complete overview and give scope and directions for future research.

Web of Science database is used to search with “International Asset Pricing.” Of 3,438 articles, 2,487 articles are selected for the final bibliometric analysis. Various research such as citation analysis, keyword analysis, author’s and corresponding author's analysis have been conducted.

The bibliometric analysis finds that the USA comes out to be the country where the maximum research was conducted on the topic. The keyword analysis was also analysed to evaluate the significant areas of the research. Risk, return and international asset pricing are the most frequently used keywords. The year 2020 has the maximum number of published research articles and citations due to the change in the market structure worldwide and the effect of Covid-19 across the world.

The present paper provides the collection, classification and comprehensive analysis of “International Asset pricing,” which may help the academicians, researchers and practitioners for future research for the relevant subject area.

Pricing is an important issue in international marketing. In this article the author discusses the concept of price, how to respond to price change in international markets, the marketing mix and price, customer response to price changes, setting objectives for international pricing, key questions to ask in international pricing, and the threat of competition in international pricing. The article also discusses how to meet competition in international markets.

Pricing is a primary factor in international business success. Conventional price definitions are too narrow and a wider definition, taking account of intangible as well as tangible product qualities, is more applicable. A firm needs to know the identities and strengths of its competitors. It must identify market segments and choose those in which to concentrate its efforts. Other factors must also be considered, including the stage in the product life cycle and the firm′s marketing strategy. This article describes the five major pricing axioms in international marketing and concludes that although pricing in international markets is not an easy task, by better understanding the international marketing environment, a company can more effectively set prices and be competitive.

The article aims to test how pricing strategy adaptation to the foreign market mediates the relationship between export assistance and annual export performance improvement. It also aims to consider the effects of management international experience and export market competition.

Structural equation modelling with WLS estimation is used to test the direct and indirect influences of the variables on short‐term export performance.

Surprisingly, the findings reveal that the total effects of export assistance on annual export performance improvement are non‐significant, because although export assistance has a direct positive impact on performance, there is a negative indirect impact through export pricing strategy adaptation.

These surprising results suggest that future research is required to incorporate and test the intervening and indirect effects among variables.

The findings also indicate that both export assistance and short‐term export performance improve with management international experience and export market competition.

Since both managers and public policy makers are often short‐term oriented, it is urgent to develop research to better understand determinants of short‐term performance as well as the antecedents of managerial and public policy resource allocation in the short term.

Mostafa reviews seven studies in the UK which were conducted during the period 1967 to 1976 and thirteen undertaken in the United States between 1965 and 1979. The UK surveys concentrated mainly on the domestic market whereas in the United States some of the studies were extended to take account of international markets. Several conclusions were drawn from the review:

Multinationals and its impact on transfer pricing techniques and strategies. First, traditional transfer pricing techniques and tax regulations will be analyzed. Second, tax regulations for transfer pricing and e‐commerce transactions will be investigated. Third, taxation of digitized tangible products transferred through the Internet will be discussed. Finally, recommendations for transfer pricing strategies for e‐commerce transactions are suggested to be used in planning and designing successful transfer pricing strategies.

Describes the major strategies used in setting prices in international markets. Emphasizes the issue of developing pricing strategies early in the development phase of new product development and discusses bundling strategies with the emphasis on adding value to mature products/services through bundling. Discusses long‐term issues in international pricing including the development of pricing parity, the concentration of buying power in international buying groups, and the increase in retaliatory measures by nations against predatory pricing by competitiors.

This paper examines the state corporate tax implications of abnormal transfer-pricing by U.S. companies involved in international trade. The state corporate tax cost of improperly priced imports and exports is estimated through analysis of every import and export transaction for the years 2005 through 2009 using the interquartile range methodology provided in regulations to Internal Revenue Code Section 482. Calculation of the interquartile range using the entire population of international transactions addresses interpretive issues related to abnormal prices that occur with the smaller samples normally used in such analyses. A policy recommendation is made for improving tax compliance through more rigorous state involvement in transfer pricing enforcement and greater formal collaboration with the Internal Revenue Service with respect to transfer pricing.

Much attention has been focused recently on the increased overseas business of United States corporations, the growth of the multinational firm and similar international developments. Understandably, this has attracted marketers' interest in management policies and practices relating to overseas advertising, distribution channels, and product planning.