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Based on the construal level theory, the purpose of this study is to prove the effect of interaction between construal level and visual crowding on consumers' buying intention. The study tries to explain the reasons behind the different buying intention toward visual crowding among consumers with different construal level.

This study was conducted through two situational simulation experiments. The main data analysis methods are ANOVA and bootstrap analysis.

(1) the matching of construal level and visual crowding has a significant effect on consumers’ buying intention. (2) Perceptual fluency mediates the interaction between the construal level and visual crowding on buying intention.

This study measures consumers' buying intention through situational experiments but does not measure consumers' buying behavior through real scenarios.

According to the study conclusions, consumers prefer visually crowded packaging that matches their construal level. Enterprises should consider the impact of the construal level on the effect of packaging stimulation.

This study enriches the theory related to construal level and highlights the mediating role of perceptual fluency. The addition of perceptual fluency explains the mechanism by which visual crowding affects consumers' buying intention. This extends the research on the antecedents and effects of perceptual fluency.

This study innovatively introduces visual crowding into packaging and matches visual crowding to construal level, explaining why different consumers buy different visually crowded packaging.

This paper aims to explain the relationship between product quality, price and convenience with a positive attitude and intention to buy traditional food. In addition, it also aims to explain the role of the product type in moderating the relationship between these variables.

Samples were taken non-randomly, consisting of 500 snack food buyers and 500 restaurant food buyers. Some of the places chosen for sampling include Paragon Mall, Solo Grand Mall, Matahari Mall, Hartono Mall or other places in Surakarta-Indonesia, where people spend time relaxing. Furthermore, multiple structural equations model (multi group SEM) is a statistical method used to explain the relationship between the conceptual variables.

Some of the findings are as follows: before the product as a moderator, price and quality are the variables that influence the positive attitude and the intention to buy, while the convenience is the variable found not affecting both the positive attitude and the intention to buy. After the product type as a moderator, for snacks, the test results indicate that the price, product quality and convenience are the variables that affect the positive attitude but do not affect the intention to buy. For restaurant food, test results indicate that only prices and qualities affect positive attitudes, whereas convenience is found not to affect positive attitudes. Furthermore, only price and quality affect the intention to buy, while convenience is found not to affect the intention to buy.

This paper underlines that the type of product is a moderating variable in the buying behavior process of traditional foods. Regarding its role as a moderator variable, the relationships between variables that are conceptualized can be explained in detail, along with their significance.

Using the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between different types of media and the intention to buy sustainable apparel and test whether attitudes, social norms, and self-efficacy beliefs may explain these relationships.

A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 681 young adults (18-26 years old).

Exposure to social media content of sustainable organizations, eco-activists, and sustainable apparel brands, and social media content of fashion bloggers and fast fashion brands predicted respondents’ attitudes, descriptive and subjective norms, and self-efficacy beliefs regarding buying sustainable apparel. In turn, attitudes, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy beliefs predicted the intention to buy sustainable apparel. Fashion magazines predicted the intention through self-efficacy. Specialized magazines did not predict the intention to buy sustainable apparel.

Results should be generalized with caution as the current study relied on a convenience sample of young adults. The cross-sectional study design limits the ability to draw conclusions regarding causality. Actual behavior was not addressed and needs to be included in further research.

The present study hints at the importance of social media to affect young consumers’ intentions to buy sustainable apparel. Sustainable apparel brands should consider attracting more young social media users to their social media pages.

This study is one of the first to examine the potential of different media to promote sustainable apparel buying intention.

This paper aims to test the relationships between shopping enjoyment, economic motivation, apparel shopping self-confidence, perceived informativeness, perceived irritation and buying intention, using Uses and Gratification (U&G) theory, in a mediated model using virtual dressing room (VDR) media.

The proposed mediation model is tested using the PROCESS (Version 3.0) macro for SPSS with bootstrapping.

Results indicate that shopping enjoyment, economic motivation and apparel shopping self-confidence have no direct relationship with buying intention. Additionally, no indirect relationship was found between apparel shopping self-confidence and buying intention. However, outcomes show that both perceived VDR informativeness and perceived VDR irritation mediate the relationships of shopping enjoyment and economic motivation with buying intention by different mechanisms when using VDR media. Additionally, the relationship between shopping enjoyment and buying intention is mediated via perceived VDR informativeness. Finally, economic motivation has both an indirect relationship with buying intention through perceived VDR irritation and a serial mediated relationship via perceived VDR irritation and informativeness.

This study is original in that it investigates the mediating effect of informativeness and irritation, from U&G theory, on buying intention during VDR media usage. Previous research suggests a direct relationship between shopping enjoyment, economic motivation, apparel shopping self-confidence, informativeness, irritation and buying intention. Results of this research suggest that online retailers should consider the different and complex mediating roles informativeness and irritation play in the relationship between consumer attributes and buying intention when adding media to a website.

The purpose of this paper is to identify whether altruistic motivation is a significant factor in online group buying and to examine the effects of altruistic and egotistic motivation on online group buying intention through the psychological processes of trust and satisfaction.

A field study on Ihergo (www.ihergo.com/) was chosen because it is the largest online group buying marketplace in Taiwan. An online survey method was used to collect data. Returned questionnaires numbered 302 responses with 20 incomplete data, resulting in 282 valid responses for data analysis. Collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

The findings of the study shows that altruism is relevant to online group buying, and trust and satisfaction have significantly positive effects on online group buying intention. The results emphasize that altruism, reciprocity, and reputation of motivations are significantly positive predictors of trust. Altruism and reciprocity have significantly positive effects on satisfaction, whereas reputation does not.

Altruism, reciprocity, and reputation represent three key elements of online group buying behavior. Integration of the altruism, reciprocity, and reputation results in a better explanation on online group buying intention through the psychological process, trust, and satisfaction. This study extends the value of online group buying and sheds light on the potential effects of altruistic and egotistic motivation on online group buying intention.

Online group buying is more complex than individual online shopping and is not easy to fulfill customer requirements. To satisfy online group buying, e-vendors might provide altruistic activities, enhance reciprocal services and products, develop better reputation mechanisms, and present an easier approach to encourage online group buying on the web site.

To the best of the knowledge, this is first paper to examine the effects of altruism on online group buying. The contribution of this study draws attention to the altruistic value of electronic commerce, by theorizing and validating the effects of altruistic and egotistic motivation on online group buying intention through psychological processes (trust and satisfaction).

This paper aims to determine the effect of personal values and buying intention on repurchase intention. This paper is based on the social exchange theory (Cropanzano and Mitchell, 2005) as a basis for understanding the relationship between tourists who give or exchange each other that contains embraced values or personal values between individuals from tourists based on certain social arrangements placing a moderating variable. As an illustration of social phenomena, especially tourism, which shows a non-linear relationship.

This study used a mixed-method research, combining quantitative and qualitative research techniques, in a single study. The use of mix method research is based on the consideration that the research variables are variables that are rarely used in previous studies so that there is limited literature to explain the research results. In the early stages of the research, a questionnaire was compiled based on all the research variables mentioned above. The questionnaire was then distributed to 160 respondents. The pre-test was carried out using the construct validity and the assistance of the SPSS 13.0 program for the level of reliability. The questionnaire was distributed using the purposive sampling method. The number of samples taken at each tourist attraction was 40 respondents in each tourist destination, namely, Nusa Dua, Kuta, Tanah Lot, Sanur and Ubud. Bali, fits the criteria of Hair et al. (2014).

This study has two novelties, the first is demographic variable that positions as a moderating variable the influence of personal value on buying intention and personal value on repurchase intention; and the second variable buying intention as an intervening variable between the influence of personal value on repurchase intention.

This study has a limitation in that the questionnaire was only distributed to tourist destinations in Kuta, Nusa Dua, Sanur, Tanah Lot and Ubud. The object of this research is only focused on Chinese tourists, not other tourists either. Furthermore, this study does not distinguish between tourists who visit for the first time and tourists who visit several times which may be a moderating variable for the influence of personal value and buying intention on repurchase intention and the influence of personal value on buying intention.

The practical implications are as follows: tourism managers can use a tourism destination marketing strategy model that integrates independent and moderating variables in increasing buying intention and repurchase intention for Chinese tourists visiting Bali. Strategies that can be carried out by tourism managers in increasing buying intention and repurchase intention of tourists to visit Bali by identifying and creating values that are understood as values for tourists visiting Bali (personal value).

Personal values that are adjusted to trends in the world of tourism that are felt and desired by a destination through tourists visiting Bali are one of the marketing strategies for tourism managers to increase the buying intention and repurchase intention of these tourists.

This study integrates personal values, demographics, buying intention and repurchase intention in evaluating Chinese tourists visiting Bali. Demographic variables in Chinese tourists as moderating variables based on age, education, gender, family, including their region of origin, it is very important to pay attention to the unique characteristics of Chinese tourists and the main differences between them, as an illustration of social phenomena, especially tourism, which shows a nonlinear relationship.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the drivers of the customers’ cross-buying intentions for retail banking services in Hong Kong.

The research model was developed based on literature and tested empirically among 269 customers of retail banks in Hong Kong. Structural equation modelling was used to test the system of relationships.

The results indicate that the customers’ cross-buying intentions are primarily associated with image conflicts about the provider’s abilities to deliver high quality financial services from different activities and high levels of customer loyalty.

The research is limited to a single country focus of Hong Kong retail banking. The generalizibility of these findings is therefore limited to this context.

The findings of the study have important implications for academicians in understanding what drives cross-buying behaviour as well as retail bank practitioners to help design more effective cross-buying strategies.

The authors show that perceived image conflict and customer loyalty directly influences cross-buying intentions and that cross-buying intentions is not affected by dimensions of relationship quality directly. However, relationship quality dimensions was found to influence customer loyalty and play an important indirect role in unlocking cross-buying intentions.

Why do some customers cross‐buy different services from the same provider while others are less disposed to do so? The present research examines the drivers of the customers’ cross‐buying intentions for services. Cross‐buying refers to the customer's practice of buying additional products and services from the existing service provider in addition to the ones s/he currently has. The results obtained from two samples of service consumers indicate that the customers’ cross‐buying intentions are primarily associated with image conflicts about the provider's abilities to deliver high‐quality services from different service activities, and the perceived convenience of cross‐buying from the same provider. Customers’ experiences with the service provider have a weaker or marginal effect on cross‐buying.

Branding literature indicates that consumers buy branded products because they expect higher quality compared with non‐branded products. However, as private‐label brands improve in quality and deliver more value to customers, a reassessment of intention to buy manufacturer brands is pertinent. On the basis of the theory of reasoned action, the authors aim to hypothesize that the perceived quality of manufacturer brands, brand involvement, attitude toward private‐label brands, and perceived product similarity drive purchase intention. In addition, consumers' perceptions of product similarity and age might moderate the relationship between perceived quality and intention to buy manufacturer brands.

The model and relationships are examined with a large sample of more than 600 consumers. The primary data were collected using face‐to‐face interviews.

Regression analysis finds support for a direct effect of perceived product quality, brand involvement and attitude towards private‐label brands as well as a moderating effect of age on the relationship between perceived quality and intention to buy manufacturer brands.

The authors suggest implications of the study findings for brand management and marketing theory development, as well as avenues for further research. Amongst others, the authors recommend that brand manufacturers should communicate the quality aspects of their brands more clearly, because consumers' quality perceptions are strongest amongst the antecedents of purchase intention.

Overall, the findings suggest that marketers need to revise their understanding of retail behavior in this area which constitutes the main contribution of the paper.

The purpose of this paper is to be the first to explicate the determinants of customers’ cross‐buying intentions in the banking services of Korea and Taiwan, and then explore the influence of cross‐cultural values, such as “Collectivism”, to the relationships between these determinants and customers’ cross‐buying intentions.

The authors employed a triangulation approach of structured surveys to 700 actual customers, and six interviews with professional senior managers engaged in customers’ cross‐buying activities of banking services in two countries – Korea and Taiwan. Confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchal multiple regression were conducted on these data using AMOS 10.1 and SPSS 12.0.

“Perceived value”, “Trust”, “Image”, and “Satisfaction” were found to be the determinants of customers’ cross‐buying intentions in the banking services of Korea and Taiwan, out of which “Trust” and “Satisfaction” were significantly influenced by “Collectivism”. The research also confirms that, even between countries with similar level of “Collectivism”, its influence can differ according to the determinants of cross‐buying intentions in banking services.

The conceptual model presented in this paper could be extended and tested on customers in an “Individualistic” culture, in future research. The analysis in the research could also be further elaborated for specific segments of customers.