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Book part
Publication date: 2 December 2019

Intellectual Support for Decisions in Modern Business Systems

Irina V. Gashenko, Elena N. Makarenko, Yuliya S. Zima and Tatyana V. Makarenko

The purpose of the chapter is to study the possibilities of systemic intellectual support for managerial decisions in modern business systems and perspectives of…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the chapter is to study the possibilities of systemic intellectual support for managerial decisions in modern business systems and perspectives of authomatization of this process on the basis of intellectual technologies.

Methodology

The methodology of the chapter includes the methods of systemic and problem analysis, analysis of causal connections, modeling, and formalization.

Conclusions

Advantages of usage of technologies of intellectual support for decisions in modern business systems are substantiated; they are connected to multitask character, full determination of possibilities and problems of the business system regardless of employees’ involvement in this process, and “scale effect” during making of managerial decisions. Also, drawbacks of intellectual support for decision-making in modern business systems are determined: incompleteness of authomatization of the process of making of managerial decision, foundation primarily on digital data, necessity for complex digitization of the business system, and the problem of security of digital data and intellectual technologies.

Originality/Value

Large opportunities of systemic intellectual support for managerial decisions in modern business systems and wide perspectives of almost full authomatization of this process on the basis of intellectual technologies, accessible at all stages of the process of decision-making, are determined. For this, an algorithm of complex intellectual support for decisions in a modern business system is offered. The obtained results allow determining intellectual technologies of support for managerial decisions in modern business systems as a perspective direction of improving this process.

Details

The Leading Practice of Decision Making in Modern Business Systems
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-475-520191011
ISBN: 978-1-83867-475-5

Keywords

  • Intellectual support
  • decision making
  • business system
  • intellectual technologies
  • Industry 4.0
  • Fourth industrial revolution
  • D81
  • M21
  • O32

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Article
Publication date: 16 February 2021

Measuring national intellectual capital: a novel approach

Duc Hong Vo and Ngoc Phu Tran

A very few studies have been conducted to measure a degree of national intellectual capital for selected groups of countries. This paper is conducted to construct a new…

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Abstract

Purpose

A very few studies have been conducted to measure a degree of national intellectual capital for selected groups of countries. This paper is conducted to construct a new index of national intellectual capital (INIC) which is simple, quantifiable, relevant and comparable for countries around the globe.

Design/methodology/approach

The styudy’s new INIC uses various indicators which are proxies for fundamental aspects of intellectual capital, including (1) human capital, (2) structural capital and (3) relational capital. These indicators are publicly available for many countries. The principal component analysis is utilized to derive the INIC. Various tests have also been conducted to ensure that the new index is appropriate and fit for purpose.

Findings

Findings from this paper confirm that the new INIC has a strong correlation of 0.80 with an index developed by Lin et al. (2014) (the LECB index), an advanced INIC to date. The LECB index has been infrequently updated and covered selected countries due to data and information unavailability. In addition, the study’s tests indicate that a high correlation of 0.75 is observed between the study’s index and GDP per capita. The new INIC represents an advancement in relation to its simplicity, quantification, relevance and international comparison across nations.

Practical implications

The estimates of national intellectual capital using the approach in this study will open a new strand of theoretical and empirical studies in relation to national intellectual capital and other economic and social issues of interests. This novel and innovative approach will provide policymakers with a valuable framework to formulate and implement relevant policies to enhance and improve national intellectual capital.

Originality/value

To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first study of its type, which is conducted to measure national intellectual capital based on publicly available data. Required data cover an extended period of years and a majority of countries. As such, an INIC will enhance transparency and feasibility for international comparison across countries.

Details

Journal of Intellectual Capital, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-06-2020-0183
ISSN: 1469-1930

Keywords

  • Intellectual capital
  • Index of national intellectual capital
  • Principal component analysis
  • World Bank indicators

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Article
Publication date: 10 February 2021

The role of intellectual capital on process and products innovation. Empirical study in SMEs in an emerging country

Nicolas Salvador Beltramino, Domingo Garcia-Perez-de-Lema and Luis Enrique Valdez-Juarez

The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of the intellectual capital of SMEs on innovation and organizational performance in the context of an emerging country.

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Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of the intellectual capital of SMEs on innovation and organizational performance in the context of an emerging country.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consisted of 259 industrial SMEs from the Cordoba, Argentina. The data were analyzed by partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM).

Findings

The study provides empirical evidence that the three components of intellectual capital generate positive and significant effects on innovation in processes and products. Structural capital is the component that has the greatest effect on innovation. It also showed a positive and significant relationship between innovation in processes and performance, contributing to the scarce empirical literature in the context of SMEs.

Research limitations/implications

The research exposes limitations that uncover a path for future. First, the work uses as the only source of information, the consultation at the highest level of the company. Second, the study covered only industrial companies. Future studies should focus on other sectors and countries.

Practical implications

The results may have important practical implications for SME owners and managers and offer a vision of the influence of intellectual capital on the innovative capacity of the organization.

Originality/value

The value of work lies in establishing the importance of intellectual capital in the environment of an emerging country such as Argentina, given the low level of knowledge that exists in this area.

Details

Journal of Intellectual Capital, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-07-2020-0234
ISSN: 1469-1930

Keywords

  • Process innovation
  • Product innovation
  • Performance
  • Intellectual capital

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Article
Publication date: 18 January 2008

Intellectual capital in high‐tech firms: The case of Spain

Gregorio Martín de Castro and Pedro López Sáez

The literature shows several intellectual capital models. Nevertheless, there is little empirical evidence about the building blocks that form intellectual capital in…

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Abstract

Purpose

The literature shows several intellectual capital models. Nevertheless, there is little empirical evidence about the building blocks that form intellectual capital in practice. The purpose of this paper is to test the widespread categorization of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital with a survey applied to high‐technology firms from Spain.

Design/methodology/approach

Factor analysis was conducted with a sample of 49 firms (larger than 50 employees).

Findings

The results indeed demonstrate the existence of three main components of intellectual capital that, in general, fit the dominant structure proposed by other authors.

Research limitations/implications

Before moving into an internationally accepted system for classification and measurement of intellectual capital, future research should seek a geographical and industrial agreement about the main components of this construct. In that direction, our empirical evidence provides only the experience of Spanish high‐tech firms; this experience could be different in other countries or industries.

Practical implications

In this paper, managers interested in the field can find a useful guidance for structuring an intellectual capital balance sheet, taking the three proposed components as main dimensions, and the items of the survey as a measurement tool for analyzing the intellectual strengths and weaknesses of their firms.

Originality/value

Academics can also benefit from this research, taking it as a basis for replication studies about intellectual capital in other countries and/or industries. This article presents one of the first empirical tests of the theoretically accepted components of intellectual capital.

Details

Journal of Intellectual Capital, vol. 9 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930810845786
ISSN: 1469-1930

Keywords

  • Intangible assets
  • Intellectual capital
  • Human capital

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Article
Publication date: 24 January 2011

Vulnerability to depression in adolescents with intellectual disabilities

Hannah Kiddle and Dave Dagnan

This paper examines how developmental risk factors associated with depression in typically developing adolescents may interact with the particular life experience of…

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Abstract

This paper examines how developmental risk factors associated with depression in typically developing adolescents may interact with the particular life experience of adolescents with intellectual disabilities and influence vulnerability to depression. We suggest that a consideration of developmental factors and their interaction with the person's social environment may offer a possible framework for prevention and early intervention with adolescents with intellectual disabilities.

Details

Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5042/amhid.2011.0010
ISSN: 2044-1282

Keywords

  • Learning disability
  • Intellectual disabilities
  • Adolescent
  • Depression
  • Vulnerability

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Article
Publication date: 11 January 2013

Evaluation of medical students' attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities: a naturalistic study in one medical school

Amanda Sinai, Andre Strydom and Angela Hassiotis

It is increasingly recognised that people with intellectual disabilities have poorer access to health care. One of the recommendations from the independent report…

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Abstract

Purpose

It is increasingly recognised that people with intellectual disabilities have poorer access to health care. One of the recommendations from the independent report, Healthcare for All is compulsory undergraduate medical teaching about people with intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the attitudes of medical students towards people with intellectual disabilities. The authors hypothesised that knowledge and attitude will change over the course of a 14‐week Neurosciences block, which included a taught intellectual disabilities module and opportunity to undertake a clinical placement.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a naturalistic prospective study in a London university. Data were collected at the beginning and the end of each of the three 14‐week Neurosciences blocks during the year. Attitude was measured using a self‐report questionnaire, including an amended short form of the Community Living Attitudes Scale (CLAS), administered in hard and e‐copy.

Findings

In total 136 medical students (35 per cent response rate) completed the questionnaire at the beginning and 133 (34 per cent response rate) at the end of the block. By the end of the block, students had increased knowledge of the definition of intellectual disability. Medical students showed generally favourable attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities but there was no significant change in attitude between the start and end of the block.

Originality/value

This study shows that didactic teaching and limited exposure to people with intellectual disabilities, although it increases knowledge, is not enough to affect the kind of changes required to improve attitude. Increased face to face contact with people with intellectual disabilities and other innovative teaching methods are more likely to influence attitude in future medical practitioners. These will require further evaluation.

Details

Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, vol. 7 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20441281311294666
ISSN: 2044-1282

Keywords

  • Intellectual disabilities
  • Health care
  • Medical personnel
  • Medical schools
  • Curricula
  • Attitude
  • Medical education
  • Medical students
  • Teaching

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Article
Publication date: 13 July 2012

Recovery and intellectual disabilities: a review

Emily Handley, Olivia Southwell and Julie Steel

Given the increased prevalence of mental health problems amongst people with intellectual disabilities, it seems pertinent to consider how the recovery approach could…

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Abstract

Purpose

Given the increased prevalence of mental health problems amongst people with intellectual disabilities, it seems pertinent to consider how the recovery approach could potentially benefit practice within mental health services for people with intellectual disabilities. This paper seeks to explore the similarities between recovery principles and existing approaches in services for people with intellectual disabilities; it also aims to reflect on the potential barriers to the explicit uptake of the “recovery” approach in this context.

Design/methodology/approach

The presence and implementation of “recovery” approaches within mental health services for people with intellectual disabilities are reviewed. This is achieved through an examination of existing practices that could be described as recovery oriented, along with reflections on how these relate to the recovery approach. Questions are raised regarding whether practices can be regarded as “recovery oriented”, without first consulting service users.

Findings

Further consideration is needed about the extent to which mental health services for people with intellectual disabilities are recovery oriented and how recovery would be defined amongst people with intellectual disabilities.

Research limitations/implications

It is suggested that further research using qualitative methodology is conducted, to enable the voice of service users to be heard.

Originality/value

The paper is one of the first to explore the relevance of the recovery approach to people with intellectual disabilities. Given the increasing emphasis on recovery approaches within mainstream services, it seems vital to give consideration to the potential for its meaningful application to people with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems.

Details

Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, vol. 6 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20441281211236625
ISSN: 2044-1282

Keywords

  • Intellectual disabilities
  • Learning disabilities
  • Recovery
  • Person centred planning
  • Normalization
  • Service philosophy
  • Mental health
  • Mental health services
  • United Kingdom

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 1996

How to measure an organization’s intellectual capital

George Robinson and Brian H. Kleiner

Intellectual capital, as used here, is a concept that deals with intellectual property concepts, like patents and licences, but also includes less tangible assets like…

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Abstract

Intellectual capital, as used here, is a concept that deals with intellectual property concepts, like patents and licences, but also includes less tangible assets like know‐how, skills and information systems. The need to measure the amount of intellectual capital in an organization has grown in importance. The worth or value of an organization cannot be given by the values in the balance sheet alone. Just as the use of discounted cash‐flow analysis is being accepted as a more reliable measure of value and will eventually replace other accounting‐based valuations, the value of intellectual capital will need to be measured and determined. Intellectual capital will also be a useful concept for setting corporate goals and strategies. Describes some current conceptions of intellectual capital and looks at ways of measuring intellectual capital. Compares intellectual capital valuation with financial cash flow valuation. Suggests that additional studies regarding the measurement of intellectual capital are still needed, and recommends, when good measures of intellectual capital are not available, the use of indicators as a means of indicating that intellectual capital is present or growing.

Details

Managerial Auditing Journal, vol. 11 no. 8
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02686909610131675
ISSN: 0268-6902

Keywords

  • Accounting standards
  • Auditing guidelines
  • Capital
  • External audit
  • Fees
  • Measurement

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1997

The Management of Intellectual Assets: Delivering Value to the Business

Gordon McConnachie

At The Dow Chemical Company, Intellectual Assets are regarded as knowledge with a value and are a key factor in creating wealth for the company. These Intellectual Assets…

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Abstract

At The Dow Chemical Company, Intellectual Assets are regarded as knowledge with a value and are a key factor in creating wealth for the company. These Intellectual Assets include patents, trade secrets, trademarks and know‐how. The company has devised a six‐step Intellectual Asset model which involves strategy setting; identification and classification of existing Intellectual Assets; valuing these assets; deciding whether to invest in new knowledge through the development or purchase of technology and skills; and assembling the Intellectual Assets into Knowledge Portfolios for each global Dow business. This process is repeated on a regular basis. This paper discusses how the methodology has been developed and implemented at Dow, including the company’s approach to creating a Global Intellectual Asset Technology Centre and multi‐functional and multi‐geographic Intellectual Asset teams. Tools and techniques developed for measuring the company’s Intellectual Assets are generic and may be appropriately applied to any organization.

Details

Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004580
ISSN: 1367-3270

Keywords

  • Chemical Industry
  • Dow Chemical Company
  • Intellectual assets
  • Intellectual capital
  • Intellectual property
  • Measuring intangibles

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2003

Accounting for Intellectual Assets and Liabilities

INDRA ABEYSEKERA

This paper is an addition to the current debate on how to measure and recognise intellectual assets and liabilities. A conceptual approach has been proposed so that…

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Abstract

This paper is an addition to the current debate on how to measure and recognise intellectual assets and liabilities. A conceptual approach has been proposed so that intellectual assets and liabilities can be recognised in the financial statements using market value as a reference point acknowledging that intellectual assets and liability items cannot be measured accurately to recognise them individually. It was constructed using the common ground between financial reporting and intellectual assets and liability management. It has used an intellectual assets definition, an intellectual assets indicator at an organizational level, the Australian conceptual framework in accounting and recently published and revised accounting standards in Australia as tools for its construction.

Details

Journal of Human Resource Costing & Accounting, vol. 7 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb029080
ISSN: 1401-338X

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