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In the context of India, this article proposes an integrated multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) regression-based methodology to evaluate input-level performance of the schools and investigate the impact of this performance along with contextual factors, i.e. medium of instruction and location of the school, on the school's output level performance, i.e. student pass rate.

First, Shannon entropy-based approach is applied for the weight assignment to different parameters. Then, integrated VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS)-based methodology is devised to measure the input-level performance of a school. Finally, multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis is incorporated to study the effect of input-level performance and above-mentioned contextual factors on the school's output-level performance.

Proposed methodology is applied to assess the input-level performance of 82,930 primary and secondary schools of West Bengal, India. All the factors have a significant impact on boys' pass rate, whereas only input-level performance and location of the school have a significant influence on the girls' pass rate.

The entropy-based approach highlights the importance of scientific weight assignment. Integrated MCDM demonstrates the significance of aggregation due to the variation in scores related to input-level performance across the methods. Regression analysis facilitates the exploration of determinants influencing the output-level performance of the schools.

This work depicts a holistic picture of the performance measurement system of the schools. It encompasses scientific weight assignment to the evaluation criteria, integrated input-level performance assessment of the schools and investigation into the effect of this performance, as well as other contextual factors on the output level performance.

Action design research (ADR) has become widely accepted as a prominent research method within information systems when managing design-oriented research projects. One purpose of the ADR method is to provide methodological guidance for the building of IT artefacts. However, several scholars have reported a lack of guidance of method support at the micro level. This article aims to complement the macro level of the ADR method by integrating prescriptive method support at the micro level.

A qualitative approach including direct content analysis. An empirical ADR project was analysed in order to identify method support that could be integrated into the ADR method.

Method support at the micro level was identified for all the stages of the ADR method. The method support consists of procedural support, guiding concepts, and various techniques for the documentation of project tasks stated in the ADR method.

The contribution to theory consists of aspects concerning the integration of macro and micro levels: relationships between normative and prescriptive support, continuous focus shifts, and method completeness.

The contribution to practice consists of explicit suggestions for method support that could be integrated into the ADR method.

This study extends previously provided knowledge by offering empirical evidence concerning theoretical constructions consisting of explicit relationships between ADR tasks and integrated method support, and elaboration on the integration of macro and micro levels.

To solve the trade‐offs between marketing and R&D domains and to minimize information loss in new product development (NPD), this study proposes an integrated design process as a new solution to the interface system between the two domains.

House of Quality integrated with multivariate statistical analysis is used for determining important design features. These design features are used as parameters for conjoint analysis and Taguchi method, and then the results of analyses are compared. Sequential application of conjoint analysis and Taguchi method, depending on the differences in utilities and signal to noise ratios, is applied for the integrated design process. An automotive interior design is illustrated for the validation of the integrated design process.

The integrated design process determines a point of compromise between the optimums of conjoint analysis and Taguchi method. Sequential application of two methods ensures full utilization of both methods and no loss of information.

More illustrations on NPD are needed to verify the proposed process.

The design process suggested in this study can be used for process innovation in six sigma approach and be integrated with value chain intelligently. This study proposes the strategic guideline of the integrated design process for enterprises.

The integrated design process suggests the solution for the trade‐offs between marketing domain that pursues the utility of product and R&D domain that emphasizes robustness of product quality. This integrated design process will give enterprises competitive advantages in NPD.

This study aims to address the problem of the divergence of traditional inertial navigation system (INS)/celestial navigation system (CNS)-integrated navigation for ballistic missiles. The authors introduce Doppler navigation system (DNS) and X-ray pulsar navigation (XNAV) to the traditional INS/CNS-integrated navigation system and then propose an INS/CNS/DNS/XNAV deep integrated navigation system.

DNS and XNAV can provide velocity and position information, respectively. In addition to providing velocity information directly, DNS suppresses the impact of the Doppler effect on pulsar time of arrival (TOA). A pulsar TOA with drift bias is observed during the short navigation process. To solve this problem, the pulsar TOA drift bias model is established. And the parameters of the navigation filter are optimised based on this model.

The experimental results show that the INS/CNS/DNS/XNAV deep integrated navigation can suppress the drift of the accelerometer to a certain extent to improve the precision of position and velocity determination. In addition, this integrated navigation method can reduce the required accuracy of inertial navigation, thereby reducing the cost of missile manufacturing and realising low-cost and high-precision navigation.

The velocity information provided by the DNS can suppress the pulsar TOA drift, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the XNAV. This reflects the “deep” integration of these two navigation methods.

This paper aims to study the effects of digital flipped classroom teaching method integrated cooperative learning model on learning motivation and outcome. From the perspective of promoting students’ learning engagement, this study puts forward suggestions for the effective implementation of flipped classroom teaching, so as to provide reference for the implementation of flipped classroom teaching practice in colleges and universities. Along with the time change and promotion of 12-year compulsory education, traditional didactic instruction can no longer satisfy all students. The reform wave in education is therefore emerged in past years, where the “flipped classroom” model strikes a chord and becomes a trend.

By applying nonequivalent pretest posttest control group design to the experimental research, 242 college students in Henan Province are selected as subjects of study. They are divided into four groups. The first group adopts the flip classroom teaching method. The second group adopts the cooperative teaching method. The third group adopts the flipping classroom teaching method integrated the cooperative teaching method. The fourth group (control group) adopts the traditional teaching method. The study lasted 15 weeks with sessions carried out 3 h a week.

The research results show significant effects of flipped classroom teaching method on learning motivation, flipped classroom teaching method on learning outcome, cooperative learning on learning motivation, cooperative learning on learning outcome, flipped classroom teaching method integrated cooperative learning on the promotion of learning motivation and flipped classroom teaching method integrated cooperative learning on the promotion of learning outcome.

First, on the basis of consulting the links of many teaching strategies and summarizing the experience of flipped classroom practice in famous universities, a series of teaching strategies is put forward. However, the pertinence of different subjects may be different, which requires teachers to focus on the specific practice of reference. Second, due to the limitation of time, the author spent more time and energy on the proposal part of strategy, and the scientific nature of the strategy is not verified in practice, so it needs to spend time and practice in the later stage to improve this work.

This topic is the integrated design practice and research of flipped classroom in current teaching. The practical significance of the research is to find a solution to the problem of low learning efficiency of students in traditional classrooms, so as to update teachers’ teaching concepts, change teaching methods and promote teaching behaviors. In flipped classroom, there is a systematic integrated design process before, during and after class, which can effectively improve teachers’ teaching design ability, help students change their learning methods and truly improve students’ learning efficiency and effectiveness. The research on the implementation of flipped classroom can enrich the theory of flipped classroom, including the research on the orientation of learning theory and the reorientation of the role of teachers and students. This study can provide theoretical support for the strategies and environment for the cultivation of students’ independent learning ability. The results of this study can provide a reference for improving the scientificity and diversity of research methods.

Based on the integrated design of flipped classroom before, during and after class, this research systematically explores the role of flipped classroom in cultivating students’ autonomous learning ability in the teaching of information science and technology, and studies how to maximize the role of flipped classroom in teaching to promote and help students’ learning. In addition, a special iterative method is adopted. In each round of research, according to the opinions of students and peers, the inadequacies and improvements in the last round of research is found, certain links are increased or decreased, and finally the research goals are achieved.

Making decisions on production and maintenance separately, as is often done in practice and research literature, may not result in overall optimization. This paper aims to propose a joint method that better integrates production planning and maintenance at the tactical level. The potential of improving the performance of the classic planning method is also explored.

An integrated production planning and maintenance model is proposed. The production capacity losses resulted from both preventive and corrective maintenance activities are considered. Meanwhile, the reliability deterioration of the machine is considered to be operation dependent. An iterative approach is presented to find a solution for the nonlinear model through iteratively solving a sequence of mixed integer linear programming instances, accompanied by modification of some parameters prior to each iteration. Computational experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method compared with three other methods, including two methods based on separate planning and one integrated model.

The superiority of the proposed method compared with all the other three methods is demonstrated. Thus, the values of both integrated planning and considering operation-dependent failures are testified. The advantage of the proposed method is highlighted in the cases of high capacity utilization, long maintenance durations and low maintenance costs. The performance of the two methods based on separate planning is sensitive to the system utilization, and when utilization is high, the one with an availability-sensitive objective function defined for the maintenance problem performs better.

Few studies have been carried out to integrate decisions on production lot and maintenance. Their considerations are either incomplete or not realistic enough. A more comprehensive and realistic integrated model is proposed in this paper, along with an iterative solution algorithm for it. A potential way to improve the performance of the classic planning method with its simplicity preserved is also presented.

Traditional methods of assurance outlined by current professional standards are risk-based models where the emphasis is on the veracity of published data rather than on the rigour of the interpretation or analysis of information provided to users. As such, they are not well suited for expressing an opinion on qualitative, subjective or forward-looking assessments typically included in integrated reports. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to describe an alternate approach to assurance and identifies the initial elements of an “interpretive assurance model”.

The research is exploratory/interpretive. It relies on detailed interviews with experienced auditors and preparers to develop an initial approach for providing some level of assurance over an integrated report.

The research identifies elements of an interpretive assurance model which focusses on providing assurance on the interpretation and analysis of information included in an integrated report rather than on underlying data. These include an examination of the completeness of the explanation of the value creation process provided in an integrated report; the methods used to support management discussion and analysis; and the reasonability of the review process used to ensure the reliability of qualitative, subjective and forward-looking representations contained in an integrated report.

The study is conducted in a South African setting. While limiting the study to a single jurisdiction may be seen as a limitation, local preparers and auditors have had at least five years of experience with the application of an integrated reporting framework and are in a strong position to provide detailed insights.

An interpretive assurance model shifts the focus from objective verification of data using defined test procedures to evaluation of the interpretation and analysis process used to prepare an integrated report. Application of the proposed model will require practitioners and auditing students to be trained extensively in qualitative analytical techniques. The inherent complexity of contemporary business models and the multi-dimensional focus of integrated reports will also result in changes in the composition of audit teams which are currently dominated by experts in financial reporting rather than integrated or strategic business management.

The paper is the first to offer a practical approach for providing assurance over an integrated report. It responds to calls form the International Integrated Reporting Council and International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board for more innovative assurance models for addressing the reporting needs of contemporary organisations.

To develop a framework for conceptualizing and managing integration in STEM learning, that can help address key issues in its research and implementation worldwide.

Integration in learning is a complicated but not a well-defined concept and therefore it is difficult to illustrate in theory and practice how to conceptualize, manage and implement integrated STEM learning with aims to enhance students' learning effectiveness and multiple-thinking ability. Based on a typology in integrated learning, this article re-conceptualizes integrated STEM learning into a comprehensive framework of three categories, six subcategories and four basic models. With this framework, how to manage integrated STEM learning and related issues in schools for effectiveness are discussed.

As a typology, integration in STEM learning can be classified as content integration, pedagogical integration and learner integration. They can be further differentiated as six subcategories: subject integration, domain integration, method integration, cognitive integration, SEN integration and diverse ability integration in STEM learning. Depending on the extents of content integration and pedagogical integration, four basic models of integrated learning can be identified in theory and practice. The categories, subcategories and basic models have their own characteristics, strengths and limitations. Strategies are developed to address the characteristics and related key issues of each category of STEM learning.

The framework may help to analyze the key issues of integrated STEM learning in research and development, such as “Why and what integration in STEM learning is important and necessary in curriculum reforms for the future?”, “How the integrated STEM approach is different from the traditional subject approach?”, “How the STEM learning activities can be integrated and managed effectively for enhancing students' learning effectiveness and multiple thinking capacity?”, and “What key implications can be drawn for managing and implementing STEM learning?”

Based on the proposed typology and models of STEM learning, various strategies of managing STEM are discussed and developed, which will contribute to policy formulation and professional practice of integrated STEM learning locally and internationally.

The proposed typology and models of STEM learning and related new ideas and perspectives will contribute to future research and development in this area locally and internationally.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrity monitoring method using ERAIM (Extended Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) for the integrated GNSS/Inertial (Global Navigation Satellite System and inertial navigation system) of general aviation aircraft.

First the tightly integrated GNSS with Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (GNSS/SINS) and the Kalman filter is designed. Then the processing of ERAIM is presented, in which the least‐squares theory is used to calculate the best estimators by integrating the predicted states with measurement states of Kalman filter. Based on the new measurement model, the integrity monitoring for GNSS/inertial system is carried out, including the fault detection, identification, reliability and separability. Lastly, the simulation and analysis for ERAIM vs RAIM are performed to validate the proposed method.

Simulation results show that the ERAIM method is able to detect and identify effectively any type of failure including step failure and ramp failure. Compared to the RAIM method for only GNSS, the ERAIM increases the redundant information and reduces the correlation of test statistics, as well as enhancing the reliability and thus can significantly improve the performance of integrity monitoring.

In safety critical sectors such as aviation, stringent integrity performance requirements must be met. The ERAIM method cannot only be used in integrity monitoring for the integrated GNSS/Inertial system, but also can be applied to only GNSS or other integrated navigation systems for general aviation aircraft.

The paper presents a new integrity monitoring method of ERAIM, which is able to improve the fault detection and identification capabilities significantly by extending GNSS‐used RAIM method into the GNSS/Inertial integrated system.

This paper is concerned with new formulations of local meshfree and finite element numerical methods, for the solution of two-dimensional problems in linear elasticity.

In the local domain, assigned to each node of a discretization, the work theorem establishes an energy relationship between a statically admissible stress field and an independent kinematically admissible strain field. This relationship, derived as a weighted residual weak form, is expressed as an integral local form. Based on the independence of the stress and strain fields, this local form of the work theorem is kinematically formulated with a simple rigid-body displacement to be applied by local meshfree and finite element numerical methods. The main feature of this paper is the use of a linearly integrated local form that implements a quite simple algorithm with no further integration required.

The reduced integration, performed by this linearly integrated formulation, plays a key role in the behavior of local numerical methods, since it implies a reduction of the nodal stiffness which, in turn, leads to an increase of the solution accuracy and, which is most important, presents no instabilities, unlike nodal integration methods without stabilization. As a consequence of using such a convenient linearly integrated local form, the derived meshfree and finite element numerical methods become fast and accurate, which is a feature of paramount importance, as far as computational efficiency of numerical methods is concerned. Three benchmark problems were analyzed with these techniques, in order to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the new integrated local formulations of meshfree and finite element numerical methods. The results obtained in this work are in perfect agreement with those of the available analytical solutions and, furthermore, outperform the computational efficiency of other methods. Thus, the accuracy and efficiency of the local numerical methods presented in this paper make this a very reliable and robust formulation.

Presentation of a new local mesh-free numerical method. The method, linearly integrated along the boundary of the local domain, implements an algorithm with no further integration required. The method is absolutely reliable, with remarkably-accurate results. The method is quite robust, with extremely-fast computations.