Search results
1 – 10 of 961Abstract
Details
Keywords
Highlights the lack of detailed published information on the use ofinfra‐red heating in food processing in the UK. Provides a number ofanswers based on conclusions from a recent…
Abstract
Highlights the lack of detailed published information on the use of infra‐red heating in food processing in the UK. Provides a number of answers based on conclusions from a recent seminar. These are a reluctance of users to reveal information to their competitors of where it is used, perceived technical problems (some infra‐red heaters contain glass) and fears on energy costs which restrict its wider use and lack of knowledge of the technology by food processing plant manufacturers. Discusses the attributes of infra‐red heating and gives some examples of its use (not all in the UK) for food processing.
Details
Keywords
Despite many advances during the last decade in both infra‐red sensor and solid state camera technology, until now little headway has been made in the production of cost‐effective…
Abstract
Despite many advances during the last decade in both infra‐red sensor and solid state camera technology, until now little headway has been made in the production of cost‐effective semiconductor sensor arrays capable of operating far into the infra‐red. Old ideas, renewed by the capabilities offered by the latest micromachine technology, may change all this. Reviews the problems associated with building such sensor arrays before introducing some interesting new research results.
Details
Keywords
Abstract
Details
Keywords
This article aims to review the different devices that are available for the in situ monitoring of analytes found in the marine environment.
Abstract
Purpose
This article aims to review the different devices that are available for the in situ monitoring of analytes found in the marine environment.
Design/methodology/approach
Following a short introduction to the topic, this paper discusses physical‐ and chemical‐based sensors, automatic analysers (flow injection, spectroscopic and spectrometric), electrochemical devices and biosensors.
Findings
A wide range of in situ monitoring systems (and associated deployment apparatus) for measuring concentrations of various analytes (e.g. nutrients, organic chemicals and metallic elements) have been developed in recent decades. Many of these systems are still at the laboratory or prototype stage and are yet to be fully developed into commercially available products. The harsh conditions often found in the marine environment can further limit the utility and application of these sensors. Further development work is needed; however, the need now is for field deployments, validation and inter‐calibration between sensors and other analytical measurement techniques.
Originality/value
This paper provides up‐to‐date information on in situ technologies that are available, either at the laboratory and prototype stages or commercially, and are suitable for deployment in the marine environment. Applications of these sensing systems are discussed together with their associated advantages and disadvantages over other existing water monitoring methods.
Details
Keywords
This paper explains why the data with which thermal designers have to work is uncertain and incomplete. It then describes how accepting this uncertainty unlocks the shackles of…
Abstract
This paper explains why the data with which thermal designers have to work is uncertain and incomplete. It then describes how accepting this uncertainty unlocks the shackles of accurate temperature prediction and gives the designer the freedom to tackle the different aspects of thermal design at an appropriate and simple level. The latter part of the paper concentrates on the thermal design of circuit boards, first for steady state and then for transient operation.
M. Briot, J.C. Talou and G. Bauzil
A comprehensive multi‐sensor system using three‐dimensional vision, a laser range‐finder, an ultrasonic proximity sensor, and an infra‐red radar for position location, have been…
B. Bauer Petrovska, S. Kulevanova, B. Jordanoski and V. Stefov
Analyzes seven kinds of edible wild Macedonian mushrooms for their total dietary fibre (TDF) content, according to the official Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC…
Abstract
Analyzes seven kinds of edible wild Macedonian mushrooms for their total dietary fibre (TDF) content, according to the official Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method for plants as well as according to Hackman’s method for material of animal origin. Elemental analysis (C, H, N) of TDF procedures was performed in order to confirm the uniformity of the isolated products. The TDF contents of the mushrooms as measured by the AOAC method (8.71 per cent dry wt.) were considerably greater than those determined using the Hackman method (5.53 per cent dry wt.). Two products were isolated, both with C and H contents very similar to chitin and cellulose. These products differ from cellulose as they contain N. The infra‐red (IR) spectra of the TDF isolates obtained according to both the applied methods were very similar to the IR spectrum of chitin. In all spectra cellulose is missing.
Details
Keywords
This paper seeks to describe and discuss the historical development of IR sensors used in thermal imaging and to identify and consider some recent research trends.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper seeks to describe and discuss the historical development of IR sensors used in thermal imaging and to identify and consider some recent research trends.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper first considers cooled semiconductor photon detectors and their limitations and then traces the historical development of un‐cooled IR sensing technologies and their commercialisation. It then discusses certain present‐day developments and research trends.
Findings
This paper shows that military‐funded research by the USA in the 1980s led to families of un‐cooled IR sensors, pyroelectric detectors and microbolometers, that have since been widely commercialised. Research continues in the search for a technology that can yield un‐cooled sensors offering the sensitivity of cooled devices, such as Golay cells, microcantilever arrays and biomimetics.
Originality/value
This paper traces the technological evolution of un‐cooled thermal imaging sensors and identifies and considers recent research.
Details
Keywords
The personal digital assistant (PDA) is what Apple (the computercompany) thinks we have all been waiting for. They coined the term acouple of years ago to refer to a small…
Abstract
The personal digital assistant (PDA) is what Apple (the computer company) thinks we have all been waiting for. They coined the term a couple of years ago to refer to a small, hand‐held electronic device which would allow common clerical tasks such as note‐taking, maintaining a contact list keeping a diary and so on. A true PDA did not at the time exist, although companies such as Casio and Sharp had moved up from plain calculators to provide machines that could maintain addresses and telephone numbers and a simple diary. These were designed to replace the personal organizer rather than the computer and were limited in a number of respects. They did work, although most of the people I know who had tried them, soon reverted to old‐fashioned pen and paper. It was generally too time‐consuming to work your way through to the data that you wanted to access or to input new data on the very tiny keyboards.
Details