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Loyalty of customers is an essential factor influencing the development of geographical indication products industry. The purpose of this paper is to construct a model to detect factors influencing customers’ loyalty on geographical indication products. With analysing four teas, i.e., Lu’an Gua Pian, Huoshan Huangya, Huangshan tribute chrysanthemum and Yuexi Cuilan, this paper measures the factors strengthening consumers’ loyalty and examines how much impact these factors have.

This paper is characterised as an exploratory research using the grey incidence analysis model and data are obtained by questionnaire survey.

In general, result of the analysis indicates that customer’s attitude towards its producing areas, perceived quality and cognition of the protection of geographical indications are the important factors that influence their loyalty towards geographical indication products. Detailed rank of their power that goes from highest to lowest is: customer’s attitude towards its producing areas, perceived quality and cognition of the protection of geographical indications. It also shows that the method of grey incidence analysis is adaptable to evaluate factors affecting consumers’ loyalty, which can make the result more persuasive and objective.

The authors construct a model from three aspects: customer’s attitude towards the producing areas of geographical indication products, the perceived quality and cognition of the protection of geographical indications. On the basis of this model, the authors analyse the factors which influence customer’s loyalty with grey incidence analysis.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the recording of clinical indication for prescribed sedative/hypnotic (SH) medications in a large, acute tertiary referral hospital.

All hospital inpatients’ medications (n=367) were audited for prescription details regarding SH medications. Medical notes were then examined for evidence of a recorded indication for such medications.

SH medications were prescribed to many hospital inpatients (42.5 per cent) during admission. An indication was documented in the nursing or medical records for 24.4 per cent of patients who were prescribed such medications. Nurses rather than by doctors prescribed most SH medications (74 vs 26 per cent, respectively, p=0.003). Some patients receiving SH medications were both over 65 and impaired in their mobility (19.2 per cent). The treatment indication was documented in 47 per cent.

Most patients prescribed SH medications have nothing in their medical record explaining why these drugs are being used, including half of the elderly, less mobile patients. All health professionals dealing with SH medications and doctors in particular need to justify the use of such medications in the medical record. For the particularly high-risk groups where SH medications are potentially more dangerous, explicit guidance on why and how such medications are to be used must be provided by prescribers.

For the first time, data are presented on documentation rates for clinical indication of prescribed SH medications across a large acute hospital, and highlights significant shortcomings in practice. This study should inform other organisations of the need to be mindful of facilitating greater compliance with good prescribing practice.

Purpose – Objective measures of a new treatment's expected ability to improve patients’ health are presumed to be significant factors influencing physicians’ treatment decisions. Physicians’ behavior may also be influenced by their patients’ disease severity and insurance reimbursement policies, firm promotional activities and public media reports. This chapter examines how objective evidence of the incremental effectiveness of novel drugs to treat cancer (“chemotherapies”) impacts the rate at which physicians’ adopt these treatments into practice, holding constant other factors.

Design/methodology – The novelty of the analysis resides in the dataset and estimation strategy employed. Data is derived from a United States population-based chemotherapy order entry system, IntrinsiQ Intellidose. Quality/price endogeneity is overcome by employing sample selection methods and an estimation strategy that exploits quality variation at the molecule-indication level. Pooled diffusion rates across molecule-indication pairs are estimated using nonparametric hazard models.

Findings – Results suggest incremental effectiveness is negatively and nonsignificantly associated with the diffusion of new chemotherapies; faster rates of diffusion are positively and significantly related to low five-year survival probabilities and measures of perceived clinical significance. Results are robust to numerous specification checks, including a measure of alternative therapeutic availability. We discuss the magnitude and potential direction of bias introduced by several threats to internal validity. Evidence of incremental effectiveness does not appear to motivate the rate of specialty physician diffusion of new medical treatment; in all models high risk of disease mortality and perceptions of therapeutic quality are significant drivers of physician use of novel chemotherapies.

Value/originality – Understanding the rate of technological advance across different clinical settings, as well as the product-, provider-, and patient-level determinants of this rate, is an important subject for future research.

A quantitative observational study was conducted. The purpose of this study is to examine the continuing adherence to the stopping over-medication of people with intellectual disability and/or autism guidelines for a cohort of outpatients seen in the outpatients’ clinics in the two teams who participated in this study to review the trend of psychotropic prescribing with a prescription indication along with the utilisation of non-pharmacological interventions.

Data was retrospectively collected over a period of one year for patients sampled conveniently in the outpatient’s clinic. The data was collected from two sites from psychiatric letters to the general practitioners (GPs), with the focus being psychotropic prescription indication and their adherence to British National Formulary limits, inclusion of a wider multi-disciplinary team or MDT (including nurses, psychologists and health support workers), use of Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale for assessing medication side effects and response to treatment.

Most of the patients had at least one review in the previous six months. Antipsychotics were the highest prescribed medications without an indication for their use (13.3%) followed by anxiolytics and other medications. CGI recording was suboptimal, with 26% of the patient population did not have medication side effects and effectiveness monitored through this method. In total, 41% of patients were open to community nurses followed by other disciplines.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is an original article following the pilot study completed by the authors.

This paper's objective is to investigate consumers' and producers' expectations towards geographical indications (GIs) in a German context, where this certification scheme has not been widely used so far.

Data for the consumer side were obtained by a structured questionnaire. A total of 741 consumers were asked online with respect to their knowledge and expectations towards geographical indications in general and Hessian apple wine in particular. The collected data were analysed by an explorative factor analysis and a binary logit model. Additionally, data for the producer side were collected via an in‐depth interview with one major producer of Hessian apple wine.

The consumer side results indicate that Hessian consumers' awareness and knowledge about GIs is very limited. Moreover, it is found that the quality warranty dimension is not as important as the economic support dimension and perceived authenticity of the product. A hypothetical willingness to pay for protection is mainly driven by consumer perceptions and expectations towards the positive impacts of geographical indications on the local economy. The producer side results highlight that the most important motivation to apply for a protected G1 (PGI) is to secure the established reputation against misuse by competing producers in order to ensure the quality level of Hessian apple wine.

The findings indicate that a PGI is by no means a self‐runner. The positive impacts of this certification scheme have to be communicated to consumers in order to be successful.

Empirical evidence regarding consumers' knowledge and expectations towards geographical indications in a non‐Mediterranean context is limited. The present paper contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence for a German case study.

Purpose: This study examines the key role of diversity management in supporting intellectual capital in organisations. Intellectual capital, which includes the knowledge, skills and innovative potential of employees, is recognised as a valuable resource that drives organisational success. By embracing diversity and managing it effectively, organisations can unleash the full potential of their intellectual capital and achieve a lot of benefits.

Methodology: The study is based on primary data. The research method used to achieve the objective and answer the research questions is a critical analysis of the literature on the subject, as well as an analysis of the qualitative research conducted by the author on the topic of building intellectual capital of enterprises in Poland conducted in 2019. The study used a dataset of 1,067 enterprises operating in Poland (with at least 10 employees).

Findings: It should be noted that this study underscores the crucial role of diversity management in enhancing intellectual capital within organisations. By embracing diversity and fostering an inclusive environment, organisations can tap into collective intelligence, creativity, and problem-solving capabilities of a diverse workforce. The benefits extend beyond organisational performance, encompassing innovation, employee engagement, and customer satisfaction.

Significance: The study highlights that it is imperative for organisations to implement effective diversity management strategies and continuously evaluate their progress to unlock the full potential of their intellectual capital and drive sustainable success in a rapidly evolving global landscape.

Electronic medical case files of male prisoners in a category B prison in London were studied to establish a prevalence during an eight-month period of the use of and the reasons for prescribing gabapentinoids in prison and also to establish prescribing standards in prison and compliance with these. In addition, the prevalence of co-prescription of gabapentinoids with opioids and antidepressants, particularly tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, was also assessed in light of the increased risk of respiratory depression resulting in death when these drugs are used in combination. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

A retrospective, SystmOne case-file based survey was undertaken searching by SNOMED CT supplemented by examination of free text, in a category B prison for males (Capacity 1,500 prisoners; Average turnover of prisoners up to 6,000 per year), to establish practice standards related to the prescription of Gabapentinoids in the prison and determine compliance with these.

In total, 109 cases were identified of prisoners having been prescribed gabapentinoids, pregabalin in 66 cases (61 per cent) and gabapentin in 43 cases (39 per cent). In 36 cases (33 per cent) prescriptions were for unlicensed indications. This in fact represented 50 per cent of the cases where the indications were documented. In 51 cases (47 per cent) gabapentinoids were prescribed with an opioid substitute. In 14 cases (13 per cent), prescribed gabapentinoids were diverted to other prisoners.

The initiation of gabapentinoids in prison should be avoided. For prisoners who are also receiving opioid substitutes or are abusing opiates, it may be unsafe to continue on gabapentinoids. Issues raised by this study are likely to apply to other prisons, secure forensic psychiatric facilities and indeed community mental health and primary care as well.

Risk of dependance on gabapentinoids including risk of mortality when taken with opioids and opioid substitutes.

This is an original study conducted at a category B prison in London.

The new Consumer Protection Act, 1987 has three main objectives: