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Article
Publication date: 25 May 2012

Huibert Peter de Vries

The difficulty associated with determining what constitutes immigrant entrepreneurial behaviour lies in the road being travelled differently by immigrants with regard to…

Abstract

Purpose

The difficulty associated with determining what constitutes immigrant entrepreneurial behaviour lies in the road being travelled differently by immigrants with regard to backgrounds, value systems, cultural heritages and host country characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a case study analysis of Indian immigrants operating small businesses in New Zealand. The study asks the question: what patterns of entrepreneurial behaviour exist within Indian entrepreneurs in New Zealand and how do they differ from Indian communities in other host countries?

Design/methodology/approach

A case study design was employed, based on a framework consisting of migration, settlement, cultural and business profiles. The data were collected via multiple data sets of: semi‐structured interviews with Indian immigrant entrepreneurs; interviews with New Zealand based Indian community leaders; and New Zealand statistical data.

Findings

The case study analysis identified many of the common Indian ethnic minority traits such as: adaptability, strong work ethic and predisposition for employment; and barriers such as discrimination and job dissatisfaction. However, the study also revealed country specific characteristics such as a lack of enclaves, differing business drivers and a market orientation that matched a New Zealand context.

Originality/value

This paper is a clear reminder to host country policy makers of the importance of differentiated approaches to understanding ethnic minority businesses in different host countries. To this end, this paper offers fresh insights into Indian immigrant entrepreneurship in New Zealand and how they match their behaviour to the environment they encounter.

Details

Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, vol. 6 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1750-6204

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 26 November 2012

Robert W. Fairlie, Harry Krashinsky, Julie Zissimopoulos and Krishna B. Kumar

Indian immigrants in the United States and other wealthy countries are successful in entrepreneurship. Using Census data from the three largest developed countries receiving Indian

Abstract

Indian immigrants in the United States and other wealthy countries are successful in entrepreneurship. Using Census data from the three largest developed countries receiving Indian immigrants in the world – the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada – we examine the performance of Indian entrepreneurs and explanations for their success. We find that business income of Indian entrepreneurs in the United States is substantially higher than the national average and is higher than for any other immigrant group. Approximately half of the average difference in income between Indian entrepreneurs and the national average is explained by their high levels of education while industry differences explain an additional 10 percent. In Canada, Indian entrepreneurs have average earnings slightly below the national average but are more likely to hire employees, as are their counterparts in the United States and the United Kingdom. The Indian educational advantage is smaller in Canada and the United Kingdom, contributing less to their entrepreneurial success.

Details

Research in Labor Economics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78190-358-2

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 March 2009

Raj Aggarwal

The purpose of this paper is to review the reasons for the increased pace of restructuring of Indian industry in response to increasing market efficiencies and declining…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the reasons for the increased pace of restructuring of Indian industry in response to increasing market efficiencies and declining transactions costs in India.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses theory of transactions cost economics as the theoretical framework for analyzing the changing structure of Indian industry.

Findings

As in many developing countries, the Indian business environment has reflected high‐transactions costs so that Indian companies found it more efficient to diversify and internalize many unrelated activities. Consequently, most large Indian businesses have traditionally been widely diversified with vertically integrated group structures. As economic deregulation and adoption of internet technology reinforce each other, Indian transactions costs are declining and vertical integrated and diversified group structure is likely to become inefficient and a disadvantage.

Practical implications

Declining transactions costs will continue to force significant and sudden restructuring and specialization among the large and major Indian conglomerates with rising volumes of mergers and acquisitions activity in India. This will require managers with new skill sets that include strategic analysis and undertaking successful corporate re‐structuring.

Originality/value

The paper presents an assessment of the impact on Indian business of new technologies and economic deregulation in India.

Details

Journal of Indian Business Research, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1755-4195

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 29 March 2011

Soniya Billore

The purpose of the paper is to explore how entrepreneurial opportunities are used by the rapidly increasing immigrant Indian female population in Japan. Given that a majority of…

1389

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to explore how entrepreneurial opportunities are used by the rapidly increasing immigrant Indian female population in Japan. Given that a majority of Indian women are housewives and grew up in conservative family backgrounds, this analysis seeks to provide an insight into the situations that aided them and the challenges they faced in their entrepreneurial business ventures far from home.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper takes the form of a case study analysis through a semi‐structured questionnaire designed on the concept of “Life cycle of minority owned businesses” to track enterprise activity from beginning to end.

Findings

The analyses show that although respondents began their stay in Japan as housewives, they shed their image with time, used their talents and diversified into a different role without sacrificing family duties, while also creating employment opportunities for both natives and immigrants. Major hindrances faced due to socio/cultural influences, lack of government initiatives and support facilities were identified.

Research limitations/implications

The research analysis has been done on three case studies only as most available respondents were in the birth phase of their enterprises. More research is required on issues like capital availability, native employee and ethnic owner relationships, legal challenges and institutional support.

Practical implications

The paper draws attention to problem areas where changes in governance structure and social acceptance can create a more viable environment for immigrant entrepreneurs in Japan.

Originality/value

To the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first of its kind that explores and evaluates the status of Indian female immigrant entrepreneurs in Japan. As Indian immigrants in entrepreneurial activities in Japan are increasing every year, the paper can contribute in restructuring opportunity creation and facilitate maximum advantage.

Details

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, vol. 3 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-6266

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 8 July 2008

Mary Mathew and Harish C. Jain

The information technology (IT) sector has gained prominence since 1990. However, studies on the human resource management (HRM) policies and practices of multinational…

Abstract

The information technology (IT) sector has gained prominence since 1990. However, studies on the human resource management (HRM) policies and practices of multinational corporations (MNCs) have been few and far between. In this paper we study the Indian IT sector using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. For the quantitative research design, we used structured measurement tools developed by the Global HRM Project. Data were collected from 36 IT MNCs of Indian and foreign origin (U.S. and European) located in Bangalore and Hyderabad in India. We tested four hypotheses that were verified using the Mann–Whitney test of mean rank. We assessed the flow of HRM practices and the differences in HR practices between Indian and foreign MNCs. For the qualitative design we used an unstructured approach to gather secondary data sources and used anecdotal data gathered over a decade through our interactions with the Indian IT industry. We used the narrative style to show past and current Indian business culture, level of technology, and implications for foreign direct investment in the Indian IT sector. We state two qualitative hypotheses for this part of the research study. We find the current business culture and level of technology of Indian IT MNCs moderately similar to those of foreign MNCs, and more so U.S. MNCs. We find no differences between Indian and foreign MNCs in HRM practices. We assume that the unexpected similarity in international human resource management (IHRM) practices is probably due to: (1) the nature of information technology, (2) closing levels of R&D between Indian and foreign MNCs, and (3) similar business cultures of Indian and foreign MNCs. IT-intensive global organizations are likely get a step closer to global IHRM standardization.

Details

The Global Diffusion of Human Resource Practices: Institutional and Cultural Limits
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-7623-1401-0

Article
Publication date: 28 February 2023

Pramod Chandra

Drawing on the extant literature that suggests marketing imperfections are an opportunity to create and establish a foundation for sustainable entrepreneurial prospects and…

Abstract

Purpose

Drawing on the extant literature that suggests marketing imperfections are an opportunity to create and establish a foundation for sustainable entrepreneurial prospects and sustainability, this study aims to delineate a marketing mix strategy for Indian medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) resources to optimize the benefits derived from their existing MAP business and address its marketing imperfections.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study research design was used to investigate the MAP sector, and 37 in-depth interviews were conducted to collect the primary data. Given the study’s exploratory nature, an inductive approach was used for data analysis, and conventional qualitative content analysis was performed to analyze the data.

Findings

The findings reveal that a marketing mix strategy is relevant for linking MAP businesses to the country’s sustainable livelihood options, entrepreneurial prospects, resource management and the economy and for improving the sector’s global competitive position.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to explore and present a marketing mix strategy for Indian MAP resources. Thus, it extends the marketing and entrepreneurship literature regarding natural resource businesses to advance sustainable entrepreneurial prospects and sustainability. The study concludes by offering strategic clues for implementing the marketing mix strategy in the Indian MAP sector and businesses.

Details

Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, vol. 25 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1471-5201

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 February 2014

Rajesh Pillania

The purpose of this research paper is to study the green management practices and research, teaching, training and consulting in green management in Indian business schools as…

1397

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this research paper is to study the green management practices and research, teaching, training and consulting in green management in Indian business schools as management education, particularly business schools are among one of the fastest growing industry of Indian economy on one hand and also they have a responsibility to train managers and future managers; provide guidance in terms of consultancy and create new knowledge i.e. research in green management.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was developed based on literature review which was first tested and discussed with experts and then used for the survey of 500 top business schools in India which were at least five years old out of the 950 business schools in India.

Findings

The study shows not so good state of research, teaching, training and consultancy on one hand and below average performance in practice of green management within business schools in India. The findings are not encouraging and Indian business schools need to give more attention to the subject of green management both in theory and practice.

Research limitations/implications

The authors have taken only the biggest business schools in India. The research work suffers from the usual limitations of survey research method. The findings reflect lack of research on the topic and needs to be taken care of particularly, considering the importance of the topic. Indian business schools needs to build both theory and practice of green management.

Practical implications

In light of the importance of the subject and on-going debate on business schools, Indian business schools must improve both the practice as well as research, consultancy, teaching and training on the subject to make a real impact.

Originality/value

This study has made an attempt to study and document the current state of Indian business schools on green management.

Details

Journal of Management Development, vol. 33 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0262-1711

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 14 March 2022

Mira Wilkins

Business history can cast light on current topics in international business. With that in mind, the author asked herself how she as a business historian might contribute an

Abstract

Business history can cast light on current topics in international business. With that in mind, the author asked herself how she as a business historian might contribute an invited brief essay to a volume on international business in times of crisis. What were the relevant methods of business historians, including archival research? After discussing such methods, the author turns to a current crisis. News from India in May–June 2021 (as the author was writing this chapter) told of the devastating destruction caused by the virus, Covid-19. How, the author asked herself, was it that an Indian company, reported to be the largest producer of vaccines in the world, was unable to meet its home country’s demand in this crisis? The company is Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., a multinational enterprise founded in 1966 by Indian entrepreneur Cyrus Poonawalla. Was its inability to meet India’s needs a case of failed Indian state policies, or, did the difficulty lie in failed corporate strategy? Was the answer more nuanced? Probably. What did the research methods of business historians contribute? What could be learned by following a path suggested by this international business historian? The application of a business history approach puts the Indian story in an international context. The chapter is an experiment. Ideas and questions are posed without being pursued. Background information of this business historian is added. The chapter does not give answers to the questions that arose from preliminary investigations. It pushes the reader to research more thoroughly the business history of this particular multinational enterprise and to consider the complexities in decision making as viewed from what turn out to be different home and host perspectives. Business is perceived as a separate actor, a constrained decision maker. The chapter draws on the existing fragmentary but related knowledge of this business historian and indicates possible routes for others to uncover answers to the many unanswered questions generated by preliminary investigations. The answers (to be provided by others) will hopefully generate informed policy making.

Details

International Business in Times of Crisis: Tribute Volume to Geoffrey Jones
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-164-8

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 March 2021

Nitya P. Singh

The academic literature on emerging market multinational corporations (EMNCs) has classified several strategic options that EMNCs can adopt as part of their internationalization…

Abstract

Purpose

The academic literature on emerging market multinational corporations (EMNCs) has classified several strategic options that EMNCs can adopt as part of their internationalization process. Although this research stream does include examples of Indian companies, it has not adequately identified specific strategic practices followed by them as part of their internationalization process. Therefore, this article aims to identify specific firm competencies, home country advantages and strategic practices that Indian EMNCs adopt to achieve foreign market entry and internationalization.

Design/methodology/approach

The article adopts a multiple case study methodology supported by unstructured interviews to answer the research question. Using a combination of in-depth interviews and secondary data related to the case study in question, strategic practices of three Indian companies operating in different industry segments are identified and evaluated.

Findings

The results highlight that as part of their internationalization process, EMNCs from India adopt a combination of strategic practices that include strategic alliances, acquisitions, entry into targeted geographic markets, localized and innovative product offerings and niche market focus. This mix of strategic practices, in combination with high levels of corporate parenting, plays an important role in the ability of Indian EMNCs to internationalize successfully.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the international business field by developing a better understanding of the internationalization process followed by emerging market multinational firms. In addition, as the article adopts a case study approach, specific business strategies adopted by Indian firms as part of their internationalization process are identified. The study, therefore, provides a strategic roadmap for firms from emerging countries on how to internationalize successfully.

Details

International Journal of Emerging Markets, vol. 17 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-8809

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 November 2014

Ron Berger and Ram Herstein

Religion and culture can influence ethical behavior in business. It is suggested that there has been and continues to be, a deep interrelationship between religion, business

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Abstract

Purpose

Religion and culture can influence ethical behavior in business. It is suggested that there has been and continues to be, a deep interrelationship between religion, business ethics, and economic activity in India. As India is becoming a major global economic business partner, understanding its unique ethical business infrastructure is gaining in importance. The purpose of this paper is to intend to further the understanding of Indian (“Vendantic”) business ethics, as opposed to Greco – Roman business ethics, as the foundation of business culture in India. This paper further elaborates on the evolution of business ethics and its implications on doing business in and with Indian companies.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors undertook a conceptual approach in order to understand the evolutionary process of Indian business ethics in a holistic view in order to understand better its workings and effect on business interaction.

Findings

The paper explains the constructs of business ethics in India and shows its evolution over time.

Originality/value

This original theoretical paper examines the evolution of Indian business ethics over time in line with environmental changes in the Indian business landscape.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 41 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

Keywords

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