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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1989

Cynthia Webster

Explores the segmentation by service marketers of the consumermarket on the basis of service quality expectations. Measures consumerexpectations and various quality dimensions for…

Abstract

Explores the segmentation by service marketers of the consumer market on the basis of service quality expectations. Measures consumer expectations and various quality dimensions for three commonly purchased professional and three non‐professional services. Evaluates the effect of various consumers′ demographic characteristics on service quality expectations. Concludes with a discussion of research and managerial implications.

Details

Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 3 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0887-6045

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 November 2015

Mauricio A. Valle, Gonzalo A. Ruz and Samuel Varas

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of risk aversion (RA) on expected income and job satisfaction (JS) with pay in the case of sales agents under a compensation…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of risk aversion (RA) on expected income and job satisfaction (JS) with pay in the case of sales agents under a compensation system based on pay-for-performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 125 sales agents of an outbound call center via questionnaires and controlled experiments. Seemingly unrelated equations using maximum likelihood estimation was employed to estimate the proposed model and test relationships.

Findings

Findings show that income expectations (IE) respond to a model of trade-off between value and risk. The sales agents trade off their expected value of performance (i.e. expected income) with RA. Additionally, IE and actual performance of the salesperson have influence on JS with pay with opposite signs.

Research limitations/implications

The results of this research may need to be modified to consider jobs with compensation systems with a higher proportion of fixed component of the wage than the variable component. Also, a broader concept of JS and not just related to the pay, should be considered.

Practical implications

Given the importance of RA in the attitudes of employees in relation to their expectations, the authors believe that it should be necessary and useful to incorporate measures of RA in the process of selection and recruitment for these jobs.

Originality/value

This paper assessed an important element as the RA at the micro level inside of an organization. This element could be very important for job environments with high uncertainty in income that could influence JS via employee expectations.

Propósito

El propósito de esta investigación fue investigar el efecto de la aversión al riesgo sobre la remuneración esperada para agentes de ventas, bajo un sistema de compensación basado en resultados, a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Los datos fueron recolectados de 125 agentes de ventas de un Call Center de telemarketing y ventas a través de encuestas estructuradas y experimentos controlados. Se utilizó “Seemingly unrelated equations” utilizando estimación por máxima verosimilitud para estimar el modelo propuesto.

Resultados

Los resultados mostraron que las expectativas de remuneración responden a un modelo de compensación entre “valor y riesgo”. Los agentes de ventas compensan el valor de su desempeño (en términos de remuneraciones esperadas) con su aversión al riesgo. Adicionalmente, las expectativas de remuneración y el desempeño actual del agente, poseen una influencia significativa en la satisfacción con el sueldo, pero con signos opuestos.

Limitaciones de la Investigación/implicaciones

Los resultados de esta investigación debieran ser tomados con cautela, particularmente en trabajos con sistemas de compensación cuya proporción entre el componente fijo y variable del salario es alto. Además, debiera considerarse un concepto más amplio de satisfacción en el trabajo, y no sólo el de la satisfacción con el sueldo obtenido por el agente de ventas.

Implicaciones prácticas

Dada la importancia de la aversión al riesgo en las actitudes de los empleados en relación a sus expectativas, nosotros sugerimos que es posible y útil, incorporar medidas de aversión al riesgo en los procesos de selección y reclutamiento en este tipo de sistemas de compensación.

Originalidad/Valor

Este trabajo evalúa un elemento importante, tal como lo es la aversión al riesgo, a nivel individual al interior de una organización. Este elemento podría ser muy importante en ambientes de trabajo que se caracterizan por tener alta incertidumbre en las remuneraciones, lo cual puede influir en las satisfacción de los empleados, vía expectativas salariales.

Details

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, vol. 28 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1012-8255

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 2001

Autar S. Dhesi

The incentive structure, consequent on the institutional structure, significantly influences expectations. However, in this context, differences in individual perceptions of…

1203

Abstract

The incentive structure, consequent on the institutional structure, significantly influences expectations. However, in this context, differences in individual perceptions of opportunities and capacities to pursue them broadly relate to socio‐economic background, school and community‐related factors. The main finding on the relationship between expectations and post‐school choice is that an overwhelming majority of students expect significant improvement in income, career opportunities, social prestige and marriage prospects, regardless of intended post‐school choice. There is very little variation in response across groups. However, whether an individual actually goes to college will depend on his/her capacity to act on an opportunity.

Details

Education + Training, vol. 43 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0040-0912

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 31 October 2023

Antonio Cutanda and Juan Alberto Sanchis Llopis

The purpose of this study is to estimate the housing wealth effect on non-durable consumption using data from the Spanish Survey of Household Finances (Encuesta Financiera de las…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to estimate the housing wealth effect on non-durable consumption using data from the Spanish Survey of Household Finances (Encuesta Financiera de las Familias, SHF) for the period 2002–2017.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors aim at identifying the effect of anticipated and unanticipated housing wealth changes on consumption with the sample of homeowners, following Paiella and Pistaferri (2017).

Findings

Results of this study lead us to conclude that there exists a strong housing wealth effect on consumption for the Spanish households.

Originality/value

The authors provide evidence against the permanent income model. They also analyse how the results change with income expectations, age and the household indebtedness rate. Finally, they detect a strong excess sensitivity to income.

Details

Applied Economic Analysis, vol. 31 no. 93
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2632-7627

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 December 2023

Shahid Rasool, Hasan Aydin and Jingshun Zhang

The purpose of this quantitative study was to fill the knowledge gap and to investigate relationships between cultural background and various demographic factors influencing…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this quantitative study was to fill the knowledge gap and to investigate relationships between cultural background and various demographic factors influencing parental involvement behaviors that prompt them to engage in their children's academic activities.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research method was used to collect data to answer research questions and explore relationships between variables (Fraenkel et al., 2015). The researchers created the survey on Qualtrics and conducted a pilot study to improve the survey based on the recommendations of the pilot study's participants. Some items were reworded suggested by an expert committee to finalize the instrument. This survey mainly consisted of two sections to collect data on participants' demographics and cultural background. The participants used multiple-choice options to answer items pertaining to family demographics. They were asked to use a 5-point Likert scale: very often = 5, often = 4, sometimes = 3, rarely = 2 and never = 1 to respond to survey items regarding cultural background and parental involvement behaviors.

Findings

The correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant relationship between parents' expectations, educational level and their involvement behaviors in children's academic achievement. However, parents' income and cultural background had no statistically significant relationships with parental involvement in their children's academic achievement.

Research limitations/implications

The results of this study have potentially broad implications for educational leaders, policymakers, educators and parents to develop policies for diverse students to enhance their educational achievements.

Originality/value

The researchers reviewed extensive literature and found the gap in regional studies particularly related to one of the fastest-growing, financially stable and highly educated ethnic groups in the country. The researchers developed a brand new instrument on Qualtrics and distributed a survey via online and direct administration to collect primary data from 200 participants.

Details

International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, vol. 26 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2396-7404

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 2001

This extensive extract from the proposed rules on how to disclose financial instruments and similar items in the income statement of banks and other financial institutions…

4291

Abstract

This extensive extract from the proposed rules on how to disclose financial instruments and similar items in the income statement of banks and other financial institutions develops the thinking of the joint working group set up to prepare global standards in this field. The extract covers the critical issue of disclosure in the income statements of such organisations. As such it is the most comprehensive summation of the arguments involved yet produced.

Details

Balance Sheet, vol. 9 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0965-7967

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 2015

Mauricio A. Valle, Gonzalo A. Ruz and Samuel Varas

The purpose of this paper is to propose a model of voluntary employee turnover based on the theory of met expectations and self-perceived efficacy of the employee, using data from…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a model of voluntary employee turnover based on the theory of met expectations and self-perceived efficacy of the employee, using data from a field survey conducted in a call center.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper formulates a model of employee turnover. First explaining the fulfillment of expectations from initial expectations of the employee (before starting work) and their experience after a period of time. Second, explaining the turnover of employees from the fulfillment of their expectations.

Findings

Some of the variability in the fulfillment of expectations can be explained by the difference between expectations and experiences in different job dimensions (e.g. income levels and job recognition). Results show that the level of fulfillment of expectations helps explain the process of employee turnover.

Research limitations/implications

This work provides evidence for the met expectation theory, where the gap between the individual’s expectations and subsequent experiences lead to abandonment behaviors in the organization.

Practical implications

The results suggest two paths of action to reduce the high turnover rates in the call center: the first, through realistic expectations setting of the employee, and the second, with a constant monitoring of the fulfillment of those expectations.

Originality/value

A statistical model of survival is used, which is appropriate for the study of the employee turnover processes, and its inherent temporal nature.

Propósito

El propószito de este trabajo es proponer un modelo de rotación voluntaria de empleados basado en la teoría de cumplimiento de expectativas y autoeficacia del empleado, utilizando datos de un estudio de campo llevado a cabo en un centro de llamados (call center).

Diseño/metodología

Este trabajo fomula un modelo de rotación de empleados. Primero, explica el cumplimiento de expectativas laborales a partir de las expectativas iniciales (antes de comenzar a trabajar), y las experiencias laborales después de un período de tiempo. Segundo, explica la rotación de empleados a partir del cumplimiento de las expectativas laborales.

Resultados

Parte de la variabilidad del cumplimiento de expectativas laborales puede ser explicado a partir de la diferencia entre expectativas y experiencias en distintas dimensiones del trabajo (por ejemplo, niveles de salario y reconocimientos laborales). Los resultados muestran que el nivel de cumplimiento de expectativas ayuda a explicar el proceso de rotación de empleados.

Limitaciones/implicaciones

Este trabajo porvee evidencia empírica de la teoría del cumplimiento de expectativas, en donde la brecha entre las expectativas individuales y las subsecuentes experiencias, conducen a comportamientos de abandono en la organización.

Implicaciones prácticas

Los resultados sugieren dos distintas vías de acción para reducir la alta rotación de empleados en los centros de llamados. La primera es a través de fijación de expectativas iniciales realistas al empleado, y la segunda, un monitoreo constante del cumplimiento de tales expectativas.

Originalidad/valor

Se utiliza un modelo estadísitico de sobrevivencia, el cual es apropiado para estudios de procesos de rotación, cuya naturaleza es inherentemente temporal.

Details

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, vol. 28 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1012-8255

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 24 May 2019

Oscar Stålnacke

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between individual investors’ level of sophistication and their expectations of risk and return in the stock market.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between individual investors’ level of sophistication and their expectations of risk and return in the stock market.

Design/methodology/approach

The author combines survey and registry data on individual investors in Sweden to obtain 11 sophistication proxies that previous research has related to individuals’ financial decisions. These proxies are related to a survey measure regarding individual investors’ expectations of risk and return in an index fund using linear regressions.

Findings

The findings in this paper indicate that sophisticated investors have lower risk and higher return expectations that are closer to objective measures than those of less-sophisticated investors.

Originality/value

These results are important, since they enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which sophistication can influence financial decisions.

Details

Review of Behavioral Finance, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1940-5979

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 30 May 2018

Zelalem Yilma, Owen O’Donnell, Anagaw Mebratie, Getnet Alemu and Arjun S. Bedi

Little is known about perceptions of medical expenditure risks despite their presumed relevance to the demand for health insurance. This is the first study to examine households’…

Abstract

Little is known about perceptions of medical expenditure risks despite their presumed relevance to the demand for health insurance. This is the first study to examine households’ beliefs about their future spending on health care. The study made a unique elicitation of subjective probabilities of medical expenditures from rural Ethiopians participating in a panel survey and offered the opportunity to enrol in a health insurance programme. The vast majority of respondents give logically consistent responses to the subjective probability questions. The data indicate that the cross-sectional variance of realized expenditures, which is often used to proxy risk exposure, greatly overestimate the risk faced by any single household. Consistent with the serial correlation observed in realized expenditures, expectations are positively correlated with past expenses. They are revised upward in response to an increase in realized expenditure and, to some extent, they predict expenditure incurred in the year ahead. Despite containing information on future medical expenditures, there is no evidence that expectations influence the decision to take out health insurance, although plans to insure are positively related to the perceived volatility of expenses.

These results suggest that adverse selection may not threaten the viability of voluntary health insurance. A caveat is that measurement error in the reported probabilities may weaken the test for adverse selection. Notwithstanding this limitation, measurement of household-specific distributions of future medical expenses is feasible and avoids relying on the cross-sectional variance, which provides an upwardly biased estimate of medical expenditure risk.

Article
Publication date: 6 November 2017

Xiujuan Tian, Jiankun Hu, Caiping Zhang and Yang Zhao

The purpose of this paper is to explore the housing behaviors of rural-urban migrant workers in China and the associated socioeconomic determinants.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the housing behaviors of rural-urban migrant workers in China and the associated socioeconomic determinants.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors developed a model to empirically identify the effects of income in multi-dimension, destination expected to live in the future, local housing policy, and a set of individual characteristics on housing-related expenditure and home purchase of rural-urban migrants. A survey data collected by the Development Research Center of the State Council was employed.

Findings

The results showed that migrants’ expecting place to live in the future is a significant factor influencing their housing-related decisions. Including migrant workers in local housing security system of the host city could also significantly improve their incentive to purchase home. Income jointly with income stability affects migrants’ housing-related expenditure positively, but has an insignificant effect on home purchases in host city. The cost to buy home in city is still far away from migrant’s affordability is a likely explanation.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aiming to investigate rural-urban migrants’ housing behavior in host city and to empirically identify the associated influencing factors.

Details

China Agricultural Economic Review, vol. 9 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-137X

Keywords

1 – 10 of over 47000