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1 – 10 of 223Lucas S. Batista, Felipe Campelo, Frederico G. Guimarães, Jaime A. Ramírez, Min Li and David A. Lowther
– The purpose of this paper is to apply an Ant colony optimization approach for the solution of the topological design of interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to apply an Ant colony optimization approach for the solution of the topological design of interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines.
Design/methodology/approach
The IPM motor design domain is discretized into a suitable equivalent graph representation and an Ant System (AS) algorithm is employed to achieve an efficient distribution of materials into this graph.
Findings
The single-objective problems associated with the maximization of the torque and with the maximization of the shape smoothness of the IPM are investigated. The rotor of the device is discretized into a 9×18 grid in both cases, and three different materials are considered: air, iron and permanent magnet.
Research limitations/implications
The graph representation used enables the solution of topological design problems with an arbitrary number of materials, which is relevant for 2 and 3D problems.
Originality/value
From the numerical experiments, the AS algorithm was able to achieve reasonable shapes and torque values for both design problems. The results show the relevance of the mechanism for multi-domain topology optimization of electromagnetic devices.
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Keywords
Jae Seok Choi, Takayuki Yamada, Kazuhiro Izui, Shinji Nishiwaki, Heeseung Lim and Jeonghoon Yoo
The purpose of this paper is to present an optimization method for flux barrier designs in interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motors that aims to produce an advantageous…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an optimization method for flux barrier designs in interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motors that aims to produce an advantageous sinusoidal flux density distribution in the air-gap.
Design/methodology/approach
The optimization is based on the phase field method using an Allen-Cahn equation. This approach is a numerical technique for tracking diffuse interfaces like the level set method based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation.
Findings
The optimization results of IPM motor designs are highly dependent on the initial flux barrier shapes. The authors solve the optimization problem using two different initial shapes, and the optimized models show considerable reductions in torque pulsation and the higher harmonics of back-electromotive force.
Originality/value
This paper presents the optimization method based on the phase field for the design of rotor flux barriers, and proposes a novel interpolation scheme of the magnetic reluctivity.
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Hayaho Sato and Hajime Igarashi
This paper aims to present a deep learning–based surrogate model for fast multi-material topology optimization of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor. The multi-material…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present a deep learning–based surrogate model for fast multi-material topology optimization of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor. The multi-material topology optimization based on genetic algorithm needs large computational burden because of execution of finite element (FE) analysis for many times. To overcome this difficulty, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is adopted to predict the motor performance from the cross-sectional motor image and reduce the number of FE analysis.
Design/methodology/approach
To predict the average torque of an IPM motor, CNN is used as a surrogate model. From the input cross-sectional motor image, CNN infers dq-inductance and magnet flux to compute the average torque. It is shown that the average torque for any current phase angle can be predicted by this approach, which allows the maximization of the average torque by changing the current phase angle. The individuals in the multi-material topology optimization are evaluated by the trained CNN, and the limited individuals with higher potentials are evaluated by finite element method.
Findings
It is shown that the proposed method doubles the computing speed of the multi-material topology optimization without loss of search ability. In addition, the optimized motor obtained by the proposed method followed by simplification for manufacturing is shown to have higher average torque than a reference model.
Originality/value
This paper proposes a novel method based on deep learning for fast multi-material topology optimization considering the current phase angle.
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The purpose of this paper is to include thermal analysis in the design process of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The additional objective is a comparison of PMSM with…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to include thermal analysis in the design process of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The additional objective is a comparison of PMSM with induction motor (IM) in terms of thermal phenomena.
Design/methodology/approach
Numerical investigation using commercial software MotorSolve was performed. Parameterized models of PMSM and IM were used. Calculations of motor parameters and temperature distribution were made using Finite Element Method.
Findings
The results of the calculations show that thermal calculations should be included in the design process because the maximum permissible operating temperature of permanent magnets should not be exceeded. A comparative analysis of PMSM and IM shows that the PMSM has better parameters than the IM which was used as a base of the PMSM construction.
Research limitations/implications
Computational models should be verified experimentally on a physical model or by using more complex numerical models. In the case of IM thermal calculations, a method of air speed calculation should be proposed. Air speed is a parameter that is necessary in thermal analysis of IM, but during the design process it is unknown.
Originality/value
This paper presents modelling methodology of 3D transient thermal field coupled with electromagnetic field applied in a three-phase IM at rated load conditions. This paper presents a design strategy which includes thermal analysis of the designed PMSM. Moreover, the paper shows a comparison between PMSM and IM indicating advantages of PMSM over IM.
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Yoshihiro Kawase, Tadashi Yamaguchi, Kou Hashimoto and Masanori Nakamura
Aims to investigate the eddy current loss in permanent magnets of IPM motors.
Abstract
Purpose
Aims to investigate the eddy current loss in permanent magnets of IPM motors.
Design/methodology/approach
Uses the 3D finite element method (3D FEM).
Findings
Finds that the effect of the current phase on the eddy current loss is very different according to the number of slots.
Originality/value
Investigates the eddy current loss in a permanent magnet of an IPM motor.
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Keywords
In the last few years, the understanding of environmental problems has grown. Car producers – original equipment manufacturers – are aiming to reduce fuel consumption and…
Abstract
Purpose
In the last few years, the understanding of environmental problems has grown. Car producers – original equipment manufacturers – are aiming to reduce fuel consumption and pollution. In order to fulfil these aims, new technologies have been launched. Many hydraulics systems have been removed and replaced with electric ones, e.g. power steering, water and oil pump, etc. In this paper, an electromechanical subsystem used in an automotive application is analyzed. The subsystem is composed of interior permanent synchronous magnet motor and electronic control unit. The range of mechanical output power for studied system is up to 1 kW. The aim of this paper is to compare electromechanical systems working with different on‐board voltage levels in order to find the optimum balance between motors' and electronics' efficiency. This will help to decrease the total system's weight, the consequence of which will decrease fuel consumption and reduce CO2 emissions.
Design/methodology/approach
During the analysis, the reduced order modelling (ROM) techniques has been applied. First, with utilization of finite‐elemente‐methode the basic motor's parameter like: synchronous inductance and flux per pole as a function of the direct‐axis current and also the quadrature‐axis current are calculated. In the second step, these parameters are used in the system simulation. During this simulation, the maximum torque per ampere control strategy together with ROM techniques was used.
Findings
As a result, the performance of the system for different voltage levels has been obtained. Additionally, the important factors for an electromechanical system, such as maximum power density, sizing and cost of the total electromechanical system, have been compared.
Practical implications
The performed comparison shows that the cost optimized system should work with the higher voltage, where the electric motor size is reduced ca. 25 per cent. This result is also valid for different electromechanical systems in an automotive area, e.g. automated manual transmission, engine cooling and electric compressor.
Originality/value
It is the first paper, where electric power steering system design for different on‐board voltage levels has been systematically analyzed and compared. Results from this paper can be also applied to different electromechanical systems mounted in hybrid or electric cars.
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Min Li, Mohammad Hossain Mohammadi, Tanvir Rahman and David Lowther
Manufacturing processes, such as laminations, may introduce uncertainties in the magnetic properties of materials used in electrical machines. This issue, together with…
Abstract
Purpose
Manufacturing processes, such as laminations, may introduce uncertainties in the magnetic properties of materials used in electrical machines. This issue, together with magnetization errors, can cause serious deterioration in the performance of the machines. Hence, stochastic material models are required for the study of the influences of the material uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to study the impact of magnetization pattern uncertainties in permanent magnet electric machines.
Design/methodology/approach
The impacts of material uncertainties on the performances of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine were analyzed using two different robustness metrics (worst-case analysis and statistical study). In addition, two different robust design formulations were applied to robust multi-objective machine design problems.
Findings
The computational analyses show that material uncertainties may result in deviations of the machine performances and cause nominal solutions to become non-robust.
Originality/value
In this paper, the authors present stochastic models for the quantification of uncertainties in both ferromagnetic and permanent magnet materials. A robust multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is demonstrated and successfully applied to the robust design optimization of an IPM machine considering manufacturing errors and operational condition changes.
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N. Bianchi, A. Canova, G. Gruosso, M. Repetto and F. Tonel
The optimisation of a tubular linear motor with interior permanent magnets is described. For a rapid design the whole process is divided in three parts: an analytical approach for…
Abstract
The optimisation of a tubular linear motor with interior permanent magnets is described. For a rapid design the whole process is divided in three parts: an analytical approach for the a preliminary investigation, a parametric analysis by means of a finite element method and an optimisation. The obtained results show that the adopted optimisation process is efficient for rapid and effective optimisation of the tubular linear motor.
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Vahid Ghorbanian, Mohammad Hossain Mohammadi and David Lowther
This paper aims to propose a data-driven approach to determine the design guidelines for low-frequency electromagnetic devices.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to propose a data-driven approach to determine the design guidelines for low-frequency electromagnetic devices.
Design/methodology/approach
Two different devices, a core-type single-phase transformer and a motor-drive system, are used to show the usefulness and generalizability of the proposed approach. Using a finite element solver, a large database of design possibilities is created by varying design parameters, i.e. the geometrical and control parameters of the systems. Design rules are then extracted by performing a statistical analysis and exploring optimal and sub-optimal designs considering various targets such as efficiency, torque ripple and power factor.
Findings
It is demonstrated that the correlation of the design parameters influences the way the data-driven approach must be made. Also, guidelines for defining new design constraints, which can lead to a more efficient optimization routine, are introduced for both case studies.
Originality/value
Using the proposed approach, new design guidelines, which are generally not obtainable by the classical design methods, are introduced. Also, the proposed approach can potentially deal with different parameter–objective correlations, as well as different number of connected systems. This approach is applicable regardless of the device type.
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The purpose of the paper is to show that how a new magnetic circuit, which the paper could not imagined beforehand, may be obtained using a newly developed ON/OFF topology…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to show that how a new magnetic circuit, which the paper could not imagined beforehand, may be obtained using a newly developed ON/OFF topology optimization method by applying it to the design of magnetic head and motor.
Design/methodology/approach
ON/OFF optimization technique combined with finite element method.
Findings
It is shown that 3-D topology optimization of SPT head, in which the recording head is increased and the leakage flux is decreased, is possible using the proposed method. The optimization of IPM motor with the minimum torque ripple and the maximum toque is also examined.
Originality/value
3-D ON/OFF optimization method applied to practical problems considering the nonlinearity and rotation of rotor, etc.
Details