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The movie substitutes such as home cinema, video on demand (VOD), and plasma televisions leaded to a declining attendance of patrons to movie theatres, which urged the invention of IMAX theatre to call movie lovers back to cinemas. Many cinemas plan to renovate their regular digital theatre auditoriums into IMAX theatre auditoriums, but there lack of study for built environmental variations between regular and IMAX theatres. Through the combination of a questionnaire survey and a case study on a leading cinema company in Malaysia, the Tanjong Golden Village Cinemas (TGV), this paper aims to identify the structural and architectural differences between regular digital theatre auditorium and IMAX theatre auditorium in the perspectives of acoustic and visual experiences. The most significant factor influencing the satisfaction of visualization in IMAX is “immersive of picture” followed by “sharpness of colour” and “feels as part of the picture”. The most significant indicators for audio experience in IMAX is “direction of object”, which enable an audience to trace the direction and position of an object on the screen without looking at it. The built environmental variations between regular and IMAX theatres in terms of screen, camera and projection methods, seating, architectural layout, wall design, and sound system arrangement were thoroughly compared in the case study.

This paper presents new general mathematical models of normalized hysteresis curves, which define major‐hysteresis‐loop and minor‐hysteresis‐loop trajectories with several degrees of freedom. These mathematical models may be integrated into models of circuits containing nonlinear inductances for application in simulation studies. Also, the models presented can be applied to the description of hysteresis of different physical nature in other areas of science where the hysteresis phenomenon is encountered, for example: dielectric hysteresis, mechanical hysteresis, adsorption hysteresis, optical hysteresis, and so forth.

There are two stages in equation solving. These are localization of solutions and their refinement. Many methods ignore problems concerning localization. Generality of methods falls quickly with growth of system complexity. Then a random search guided by heuristics may be some cure to complex system solving. An algorithm is proposed here in the form of Turbo Pascal program. It is composed of three methods. The program user controls system solving in function of system complexity.

The report is focused on Sanicro 28, an alloy with 27% Cr, 31% Ni, 3.5% Mo, 1% Cu, and its performance as compared with that of AISI 316. The results of potentiostatic and potentiodynamic measurements in neutral and acid chloride solutions are presented. Equilibrium calculations on hydrolysis and chloride complexing have been made. Results of long‐term tests and practical experience are reported.

This paper aims to investigate global pressure fluctuations in compressible transitional flows in a low-pressure turbine cascade because of variations in the free-stream turbulence and its interaction with the boundary layers.

Transition process resolving numerical simulations are performed with different types of inflow turbulence. The unsteady three-dimensional fully compressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved using a sixth-order compact difference and a tenth-order filtering method. First, simulations of both K-regime and bypass transitions are conducted for a flat plate boundary layer to validate the use of the filter in computing different transition routes. Second, computations of the cascade flows are conducted. Cases of no free-stream turbulence, isotropic free-stream turbulence of 5 per cent and wakes from an upstream cylinder are compared. For wakes, variations in wake trajectory depending on the cylinder blade relative position are also taken into account.

The different transition routes are successfully reproduced by the present method even with strong filtering. When feedback phenomena occur near the trailing edge, high-frequency oscillations dominate in the flow field. Low-frequency oscillations become dominant when the blade boundary layer becomes turbulent. Thus, the effects of the free-stream turbulence and its interaction with the boundary layer appear as changes in the global pressure fluctuation.

The free-stream turbulence qualitatively affects global pressure fluctuations, which become a medium to convey boundary-layer information away from the cascade.

Through this case, students will not only learn about the latest development of this emerging industry, IoT, but also gain a systematic understanding of “ecosystem strategy” and get to know a new corporate growth model called “co-creation”.

This case describes why and how Advantech Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Advantech) has transformed in the age of the Internet of Things. Aware of the ecosystem attributes of the IoT industry and committed to the company’s principle of “altruism”, Advantech strategically positioned itself as an “IoT platform provider” and an “enabler” for IoT applications. After carrying out a reform in terms of internal management, external cooperation, and development model, Advantech has evolved from an industrial computer maker to an IoT solution provider. Since the launch of the “co-creation model” at the end of 2016, Advantech has drawn attention from many excellent companies in traditional industries. With the Internet of Everything close at hand, Chairman KC Liu is well aware there are many challenges to overcome as Advantech strives to build an industrial IoT ecosystem, the “evolution” continues.

MBAs, EMBAs and senior executives.

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CSS 11: Strategy

The application of cathodic protection to buried, submerged or immersed metals has become of increasing importance during the last three decades to civil, structural, mechanical, marine and chemical engineers. Although, at the moment, it has only a limited application for the protection of chemical plant, the method may become more important in this field in the future. The principles of cathodic protection, its applications, advantages and limitations and some of its present uses in protecting chemical plant are considered in the following article.

This paper explains how a relatively simple analytical spatial algorithm and a GIS visualization of inter-municipal migration patterns revitalized the negotiations for a formal merger (called Holland Rijnland) between six municipalities in the urbanized Leiden Region and ten municipalities in the adjacent rural Bulb Region, both situated in Randstad Holland. Though the regional housing market was just one of the negotiation topics, the political discussion around it almost stymied the entire merger. We discovered a lack of knowledge about three key questions: Would the new merger function as one housing market region within the broader context of Randstad Holland? Do the original two regions interact at all? Or do lower-order regions exist instead? We answered these questions with the aid of individual migration data from Statistics Netherlands and by applying a method called Intramax Clustering in the GIS Flowmap programme. We found that the intended merger is indeed a housing market region; that interaction between the two regions is limited; and that lower-order housing market regions do exist. These findings helped to restart the negotiations; since 2004 Holland Rijnland has been a fact.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a shiitake mushroom extract as a potential natural taste enhancer in low-sodium beef burgers by means of sensorial and physico-chemical assays because nowadays there is a trend in the market for the development of clean-label products.

Ten formulations of beef burgers were developed, varying in the percentage reduction in NaCl (0-75 per cent) and mushroom water extracts (obtained from a 5, 12.5, or 20 per cent mushroom homogenate). Sensory characterisation was performed by time-intensity (TI) and acceptance tests. In addition, physico-chemical analyses (pH, yield, shrinkage, shear force, and colour) were conducted.

Extracts obtained from 5, 12.5, or 20 per cent mushroom homogenate (E1, E2, and E3, respectively) did not enhance the salty taste in formulations with a 0 or 75 per cent reduction in NaCl. In formulations with a 50 per cent reduction in NaCl, all the extracts enhanced salinity perception, with E3 being the most effective. E3 also increased acceptance of colour, aroma, texture, flavour, and overall perception, although it caused changes in some physico-chemical characteristics (pH, yield, shrinkage, shear force, and colour).

The shiitake mushroom extract is a natural ingredient with a potential to serve as a taste enhancer in meat and other food products, for the purpose of reducing sodium content without compromising sensory acceptability. Therefore, this extract will enable the development of healthier products (owing to a reduction in sodium) with preserved sensory quality and will meet consumers’ requirements for the minimal use of chemical additives in food.