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The purpose of this paper is to create a textile material which shows antibacterial activity with resistance to environmental conditions by using volatile active agent inclusion complex and self-assembly method.

An inclusion complex of carvacrol and β-CD is generated by kneading method and deposited on the cotton fabrics by using a nanofabrication method named as layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition method. Three different concentration of CD and CD:Car aqueous solutions were deposited on cotton fabrics. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), antimicrobial efficacy test of fabrics against washing and some physical tests (water vapor permeability, air permeability) were performed on the fabrics before and after the treatment with CD to evaluate the effect of the LbL process on cotton fabric properties.

The results showed that the coated fabrics with CD/CD:Car multilayer films enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy of cotton fabrics against to Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococus aureus bacteria. Air and water vapor permeability properties of the cotton fabric effected after the LbL deposition process sure enough. With SEM and FTIR-ATR analysis the CD:Car complex presence were verified. The durability of antibacterial properties were analyzed after one and ten washing (40°C and 30 min) cycles.

This work provides a novel and simple method for CD and inclusion complex of carvacrol film deposition by self-assembly method on cotton fabrics and their application onto cotton fabrics to gain antibacterial property.

Internal hydrophobation by adding hydrophobic agents during the mixing process is a method for reducing water permeability of cement based materials. It can be used as an alternative to other methods such as reducing water cement ratio (w/c) or using silica fume (SF). However, it may affect other properties of cement based materials such as compressive strength. In this paper the results of an experimental study on compressive strength of different hcps with main variables w/c, SF and hydrophobic agents are presented. Rapeseed oil and alkyl alkoxysilane were selected as hydrophobic agents. Although, a low dosage of hydrophobic agents can be more effective than lowering w/c or adding SF in reducing water permeability, an obvious reduction was observed in compressive strength by this way of internal hydrophobation compared to the other above mentioned methods. Different reasons such as lower hydration degree, chemical reactions of hydrophobic agents and non-uniform distribution of hydrophobic materials in the hcp could have resulted in lower compressive strength of hydrophobed samples. Using other types of hydrophobic agents or impregnation after the curing process can be other alternatives which would have less effect on compressive strength.

This study aims to prepare UV protection and hydrophobic fabric through modifying cotton fabric by graphene oxide and silane coupling agent. The graphene oxide and silane coupling agent (KH570) are anchored on the cotton fabric by a stable chemical bond.

Graphene oxide was prepared by modified Hummers method. The fabric sample was treated with graphene oxide and silane coupling agent KH570 using simple dipping-padding-drying method. The effects of the dosage of graphene oxide, silane coupling agent KH570 and curing temperature were determined by single variable experiment and orthogonal experiment, The UVA and UVB transmittances in ultraviolet light of the sample fabric were characterized, and the contact angle test method with water was used to indicate the hydrophobicity of the sample fabric. The structure and surface of the fabric were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

The cotton fabric was successfully modified by graphene oxide and silane coupling agent KH570. Compared with the untreated fabric, the surface of the fabric was smooth, and there was no gap on the fiber. The graphene oxide, silane coupling agent KH570 and cotton fabric combined tightly. The UPF value of the modified fabric was 50+, and the contact angle reached 138.1°. It had excellent UV protection and hydrophobic properties.

Although graphene oxide and silane coupling agents KH570 had successfully endowed the cotton fabric with good UV protection and hydrophobic properties, graphene oxide and silane coupling agent KH570 are expensive and used in large quantities. There are certain limitations in the actual life and production process.

After treating with silane coupling agent, the hydrophilic fabric treated with graphene oxide is being translated into hydrophobic, and graphene oxide bonded with cotton. The modified fabrics also have excellent UV protection. This fabric can be used for outdoor sports such as clothes and tents.

Cotton fabric treated with graphene oxide generally by simple dip-dry-cure method is hydrophilic and graphene oxide is easy to drop. The usage of silane coupling agent KH570 as a crosslinking agent to link graphene oxide and cotton fibers has not been reported yet. The modified fabrics have both UV protection and hydrophobic properties.

Temporary surface modifications of cotton fabrics with different water repellent agents by wet chemical treatments were examined. The hydrophobicity of the treated substrates was determined by contact angle. The results show that the cotton fabric became hydrophobic. Three hydrophobic finishing agents were used in this study. The fabric properties were investigated in terms of moisture regain. Significant changes in properties were observed for the different finished materials. The surface investigation conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided distinctive features of the untreated and treated fabric samples. Elementary analysis was also carried out on the substrate through energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) to confirm the presence of hydrophobic groups. In this study, a unique approach based on the double coating method was found to be a promising technique for modifying cotton fabrics temporarily and the hydrophobic finishing agent was easily removable which in turn would be beneficial for dyeing in supercritical CO2 medium. The method therefore offers great advantages in terms of regaining natural properties of cotton fabrics after suitable modifications.

Fluorinated polyurethane combines some virtues of polyurethane and fluorinated polymer, such as low water absorption, attractive surface properties, good wearability and high weatherability. Fluorocarbon chains have been incorporated into polyurethanes by fluorinated diisocyanates, chain extenders, polyether glycols, polyester glycols and end-cappers. However, the fluorinated polyurethane, which is prepared with monohydric fluorocarbon alcohol, is seldom reported. The purpose of this research is to prepare and apply the novel fluorocarbon alcohols with side chain to modify polyurethane as the blocking agent.

The novel fluorocarbon alcohol with side chain 2-methoxy-3-nonene perfluorinated oxygen propanol (MNPOP) can be prepared via alcoholysis reaction of methanol and 2,3-epoxypropyl perfluorinated nonene ether (EPPNE), which was prepared with etherification of hexafluoropropene trimer (HFPT) and 2,3-glycidol. Structures of EPPNE and MNPOP are confirmed with FTIR and NMR. The polyurethane can be modified when MNPOP is used as blocking agent.

In comparison with the conventional polyurethane, the hydrophobic property of fluorinated polyurethane is improved. However, the increase of tensile strength of modified polyurethane is not obvious because MNPOP belongs to monohydric alcohol. And the function of MNPOP in the modified polyurethane is the blocking agent. The thermal stability of conventional and modified polyurethane is almost the same because MNPOP is de-blocked and fluorocarbon chains have not been incorporated into polyurethanes when the temperature is more than 150°C.

The polyurethane is modified with the novel fluorocarbon alcohols with side chain, which functions as the blocking agent. The hydrophobic property of fluorinated polyurethane is improved.

Usual lab coats are designed to protect the wearer from the splats of chemicals, oil, dirt, etc. Simple lab coats are damaged by concentrated acids, thus quickly showing typical small holes along the front when worn in a laboratory where acids are used. For intense handling of acids and other chemicals, special protective lab coats with rubber or vinyl apron or chemical-resistant overalls are used. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility to protect lab coats from acid damages by finishing them with commercially available hydrophobization chemicals.

Two commercial hydrophobic sprays were applied on cotton, polyamide and polyester lab coat materials. Contact and roll-off angles were compared with the untreated textile fabrics before typical laboratory acids were applied on the fabrics. Finally, antibacterial properties of the finished textiles were examined.

Spray 1 resulted in significantly increased hydrophobicity, while spray 2 did not have any influence on the results. With spray 1, the originally hydrophobic fabrics became more hydrophobic, and even the originally strongly hydrophilic fabrics showed large contact angles of 130–140°. Roll-off angles were significantly reduced from 40 to 50° (for the hydrophobic fabrics) or even 90° (in case of hydrophilic fabrics) to approximately 15–25°. Correspondingly, spray 1 showed an increase of the acid resistance of the finished textile fabrics of up to 30 min for the originally hydrophobic fabrics and up to 20 min for the originally hydrophilic ones, with only one polyester fabric showing no acid resistance at all, while spray 2 led to increased antibacterial properties.

While spray 1 can support laboratory safety by increasing the time until acids penetrate through a lab coat, spray 2 can support sterile work in a biological laboratory.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, increasing the acid resistance as well as the antibacterial properties of lab coats with easily accessible sprays has not been reported before in the scientific literature.

This study aims to provide control of liquids, especially against water-based ink on the paper and paperboard surface with natural substances, in also practical and greenway.

The paper surface was treated with natural rosin and its derivatives to obtain a hydrophobic effect and to improve printing properties. The oleoresin samples collected from Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus pinaster Aiton trees in the controlled area and turpentine content removed was by hydrodistillation. The gum rosin (GR), fortified 10% with maleic anhydride (MGR) and esterified with 10% pentaerythritol (PMGR) samples solved in a simply alcohol and sprayed the base paper surface directly with a spray gun. Base paper samples were paperboard, bleached paper and test liner paper. Then, flexo printing was applied and printability properties were measured.

The treatment weights of these paper samples were 1.8 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.5 and 0.7 ± 0.2 g/m², respectively, compared to the base paper. Greater Cobb60 results were obtained from modified rosin samples than unmodified gum rosin-sized paperboards and the PMGR surface treatment reduces Cobb60 values by 20% and MGR treatment reduces 15% comparing to the base sheet. Then, the printing procedure was applied to the surface of the treated materials using a flexo printing system. As a result of the treatment better print density, chroma and print lightness value consumed a less hydrophobic agent and controlling water-based flexo ink on the base paper surface.

The unique aspect of this work was improving the hydrophobicity of the paper surfaces was achieved by spraying with natural rosin and derivatives.

A new system of identification for the selection of foam control agents has been introduced by Drew Ameroid. The system is specifically designed to eliminate the many problems currently associated with the selection process and is based on the three key parameters of the mechanism of the product: carrier, hydrophobic agent and ease of emulsification. If the user has knowledge of these, foam control selection becomes a very much simpler exercise.

This study aims to produce a superhydrophobic fabric surface with a layered rough structure and which are resistant to droplet adhesion. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) systems doped with stearic acid modified titanium dioxide (SA-TiO₂) nanoparticles was sprayed onto the surface of cotton fabric.

This experiment therefore uses a simple method to prepare superhydrophobic textiles by spraying SA-TiO₂ particles mixed with PDMS onto the surface of cotton fabrics. The effects of the ratio of stearic acid to TiO₂, spraying times and tension on the apparent morphological structure and hydrophobic properties of the cotton fabric were investigated.

The results showed that the stearic acid-modified TiO₂ nanoparticles were hydrophobic and more uniformly dispersed in the PDMS solution. When the modification ratio of stearic acid to TiO₂ was 3:5, the water contact angle of cotton fabric was 155.48° and sliding angle was 6.67° under the applied tension for three times of spraying, showing superhydrophobicity. The fabric shows super hydrophobic and anti-adhesive properties to a wide range of liquids such as cola, dyeing liquids, tea, milk and simulated blood. The surface tension of the liquid shows a negative correlation with its adhesion to the fabric.

The SA-TiO₂ and PDMS were applied to the fabric surface by spraying, which not only gave the fabric superhydrophobic properties, but also created anti-adhesion to a wide range of droplets.

The superhydrophobic cotton fabrics prepared by this method showed good anti-adhesive behavior to common stains and simulated blood and can be used in the development of medical protective textiles.

Modification of TiO₂ with stearic acid to prepare SA-TiO₂ with excellent hydrophobic properties, which was mixed with PDMS to make suspensions. Fluorine-free superhydrophobic fabrics were prepared by spraying method. It also exhibited excellent anti-adhesive properties against blood, providing a reference for the preparation of self-cleaning and anti-adhesive surgical gowns.

Anti corrosive lubricant for submerged locations. Wet Lube solid film, anti corrosive lubricant is a blend of natural fats, mineral oils, graphite, hydrophobic agents and anti corrosive pigments formulated specifically for the prevention of corrosion and the elimination of seizures in machinery working in permanently or intermittently submerged locations or operating in damp or moist conditions.