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This chapter focuses on the development of corporate human rights standards since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, better known as the Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. One of the important agendas for this Summit was human rights (apart from the climate change issue). This chapter provides a critical evaluation of institutional change in human rights guidelines and associated corporate (non) accountability in relation to human rights in line with the RIO summit. Based on a review of the media reports, archival documents and a case study, we argue that while there are a number of international organisations working towards the creation of corporate accountability in relation to human rights, there is limited real change in corporate action when faced with no government regulation. A radical (reform-based) approach, such as mandatory monitoring (compliance audit) and disclosure requirements is necessary to ensure corporate accountability in relation to human rights.

The purpose of this research is to find the best solution in cutting the poverty chain in the human capital development framework based on human capital investment with the opportunity and threat of Internet Inclusion and Financial Inclusion. This study uses a vector error correction model to see the relationship between variables, response, and impulse between variables to provide an overview of the relationship between variables during the study period and forecast future variable trends. We found that technological and financial inclusion P2P Lending can be an opportunity and a threat to developing the Indonesian people's human capital to reduce poverty. Human capital is proven to be effective in reducing poverty. Increasing human capital through human capital investment supported by inclusion technology and financial inclusion can reduce Indonesia's poverty. Financial inclusion can increase entrepreneurial and economic growth.

The mechanisms of all life and ecosystems on Earth have a spiritual dimension of interconnectedness. We refer to such patterns as the process of dynamic, awareness-driven clustering, which applies as much to the microscopic molecular world of energetic connectivity that formed the earliest and smallest forms of life, as to the complex world of DNA programmed species which includes the human being. This clustering subsequently develops beyond the definition of the molecular composition and behaviour of any living creature. Each human being, for instance, consists inside of billions of interrelated life forms that sustain the person through symbiotic interaction within our intestines. In fact, we can consider any human being as a uniquely clustered living inner universe of its own.

In a broader context, every human being itself relates with its environment with the same awareness-driven dynamic clustering principles as our inner world. Through this natural activity, we feed, grow, protect, procreate and evolve. Most of this clustering we do as a natural condition of our being. Our evolutionary breakthrough into the conscious world of cognitive perception, auto-reflective awareness, interpretation and communication, has made us a unique self-reviewing, learning, creative species, capable of organising itself out of progressive self-interest. This unique level of evolution has brought us where we stand today, the sixth force of mass destruction of all life forms on Earth, including our own, since our planet has existed, and the first destructive force that is equally characterised as a miracle of wit and creativity among all living species. This relatively sudden, extremely dangerous paradox of wit versus destruction has given rise to a new evolutionary, spiritual breakthrough with newly oriented awareness-driven dynamic clustering, the participation society, or awareness-driven human ecosystem.

Sudden crises, known as environmental jolts, can cripple unprepared organizations. In recent years, financial jolts have led many organizations, particularly government organizations, to respond by furloughing employees. Furloughs can engender various responses in employees that can lead to negative work outcomes for both the employees and the organization. Previous research shows that the implementation of strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices, such as commitment-based systems, can mitigate the negative effects of environmental jolts. Utilizing the knowledge-based view and affective events theory, we propose a multilevel model where SHRM practices moderate employee affective responses to furloughs, which, in turn, drive subsequent employee behavioral outcomes.

Affordable and clean energy as well as regulation and decrease in emissions are in the heart of sustainable development goals. In order to achieve these goals, cleaner technologies together with responsible consumption and production need to be adopted. Therefore, the knowledge, skills and habits – the human capital and increased awareness of its importance, play an important role. The relationship between sustainability and human capital has been addressed only recently. There had been two streams of literature, investigating either (i) the relationship of human capital and the economic growth, or (ii) the nexus of economic growth and sustainability, without realizing the interconnectedness of these concepts. In this chapter, the authors add contribution to this scarce, yet growing body of literature by investigating the relationship between human capital (measured by Index of human capital) and two measures of sustainability: electricity use and CO₂ emissions for a panel of European Union Member States. The authors show that the increase in human capital is associated with the decrease in energy consumption and CO₂ emissions and therefore is associated with the increase in sustainability. This chapter bears important policy implications since it shows that the human capital, its stock and quality, should be included in the sustainability discussions and is important for achieving the sustainability goals.

The last few decades have seen the rise of a new field of inquiry – human–animal studies (HAS). As a rich, theoretically and disciplinarily diverse field, HAS shines a light on the various relations that humans have with other animals across time, space and culture. While still a small, but rapidly growing field, HAS has supported the development of multiple theoretical and conceptual initiatives which have aimed to capture the rich diversity of human–animal interactions. Yet the methodologies for doing this have not kept pace with the ambitions of such projects. In this chapter, we seek to shed light on this particular issue.

We consider the difficulties of researching other-than-human beings by asking what might happen if methods incorporated true inter-disciplinarity, for instance if social scientists were able to work with natural scientists on multi-species ethnographies. The lack of established methodology (and the lack of cross disciplinary research between the natural and social sciences) is one of the main problems that we consider here. It is an issue complicated immensely by the ‘otherness’ of animals – the vast differences in the ways that we (humans) and they (animals) see the world, communicate and behave. This chapter provides the opportunity for us to consider how we can take account of (if not resolve) these differences to arrive at meaningful research data, to better understand the contemporary world by embarking upon more precise investigations of our relationships with animals.

Drawing upon a selection of examples from contemporary research of human–animal interactions, both ethnographic and scientific, we shed light on some new possibilities for multi-species research. We suggest that this can be done best by considering and applying a diversity of theoretical frameworks which deal explicitly with the constitution of the social environment.

Our methodological exploration offers the reader insight into new ways of working within the template of human animal studies by drawing upon a range of useful theories such as post-structuralism and actor network theory (ANT) (for example, Callon, 1986; Hamilton & Taylor, 2013; Latour, 2005; Law, Ruppert, & Savage, 2011) and post-humanist perspectives (for example, Anderson, 2014; Haraway, 2003; Wolfe, 2010). Our contribution to this literature is distinctive because rather than remaining at the philosophical level, we suggest how the human politics of method might be navigated practically to the benefit of multiple species.