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11 – 20 of over 2000At a time when a great deal of attention is being given to the operation of equal opportunity and equal pay, it is proper for those engaged in further education to consider the…
Abstract
At a time when a great deal of attention is being given to the operation of equal opportunity and equal pay, it is proper for those engaged in further education to consider the extent to which the education system itself is reinforcing or helping to overcome disadvantages which women have traditionally encountered in their careers. The plight of the qualified teachers who cannot obtain employment is only one side of a coin, of which the reverse is the almost total absence of women on further education courses designed to equip them to be applied scientists, engineers, and technologists. The traditional avenues of tertiary education chosen by girls have been designed to equip them for careers in education and the health services.
The art started to pause in our city due to ‘Corona’. While it is already dying for economic, cultural, and political reasons, it has been thoroughly covered by the COVID-19…
Abstract
The art started to pause in our city due to ‘Corona’. While it is already dying for economic, cultural, and political reasons, it has been thoroughly covered by the COVID-19 outbreak. In our city, which we consider young and modern, Mersin University Faculty of Fine Arts and Toros University Faculty of Fine Arts provide art education and hundreds of students graduate each year. In this epidemic process, there is no movement towards art in the city when the young population returns to their homes or to cities with their families. No wonder people started to rely on machines rather than nature after the epidemic. It almost halved the human lineage on our planet. Scientists, physicians, economists, and explorers have devoted themselves to destroying or weakening natural forces that would hinder the development of humanity for 300 years. The human race fought nature and upper organisms with railways, dams, engines, antibiotics, and atomic bombs. The painters documented the epidemic by producing pictures on the subject of the epidemic. Now we have to face the threats such as the warming of the world and environmental pollution, the epidemic every day. In this entire confrontation process, the lessons conducted online in our city have been tried to be shown as virtual exhibitions under the name of online. The contributions of this process in the context of ‘art’ and ‘the city’ have been examined and the results will be evaluated.
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Kenyan khat arrives in the UK four days a week and much of it, having arrived at Heathrow from Nairobi and been cleared through customs, is delivered by van to a depot in…
Abstract
Kenyan khat arrives in the UK four days a week and much of it, having arrived at Heathrow from Nairobi and been cleared through customs, is delivered by van to a depot in Southall. There it is collected by distributors who speed it on to retailers. It is estimated that around seven tonnes of khat enters the UK each week.
Through a large‐scale quantitative study, this paper aims to test and extend the qualitative findings of Richardson and McKenna and of Osland on reasons to expatriate and relate…
Abstract
Purpose
Through a large‐scale quantitative study, this paper aims to test and extend the qualitative findings of Richardson and McKenna and of Osland on reasons to expatriate and relate them to work outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach
Examining how reasons to expatriate may affect work outcomes, quantitative data was collected from self‐initiated expatriate academics from 60 countries employed in 35 universities in five northern European countries.
Findings
Results mostly indicated support for the proposed hypotheses. The most striking finding was the apparently uniformly destructive influence of behaviour associated with escape from one's previous life as a reason to expatriate on all of the studied work outcomes.
Research limitations/implications
The self‐developed scales measuring reasons for self‐initiated expatriates to expatriate may have been inadequate to capture all relevant aspects of their behavioural intentions and the data from the retrospective type of questioning regarding the original reasons to expatriate may have been biased by memory effects.
Practical implications
Any organization recruiting self‐initiated expatriates may want to inquire about the reasons for them to expatriate. Although there may be a plethora of other requirements on job applicants, the findings of this study may be used as contributing to additional hiring criteria.
Originality/value
Most of the fast growing literature on business expatriates has focused on organizational expatriates who have been assigned by their parent companies to the foreign location. However, there is much less research on self‐initiated expatriates, who themselves have decided to expatriate to work abroad.
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Donna Harrison and Nicole Gerarda Power
The authors use Agarwal's (1992, 1997) research methodology for analyzing the intersection of gender, poverty and the environment in rural India and apply it to the case of…
Abstract
The authors use Agarwal's (1992, 1997) research methodology for analyzing the intersection of gender, poverty and the environment in rural India and apply it to the case of fishing communities in Newfoundland. Here too, environmental degradation, “statization” and privatization of hitherto public resources, as well as technological development, and erosion of community management systems, effect similar adverse consequences on women. In both cases the effects are magnified by a retrenchment of liberal ideology that shrivels state social programs. We find the devaluation of women's fishing knowledge, their decreasing health and general nutrition, and the gendered nature of financial and temporal-spatial stress are associated with these larger trends.
With the development of the economy, Chinese consumers increasingly seek and emphasise hedonic value over utility value when shopping. The purpose of this paper is to examine the…
Abstract
Purpose
With the development of the economy, Chinese consumers increasingly seek and emphasise hedonic value over utility value when shopping. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between shopping and consumers’ subjective well-being (SWB), the mediation effect of interpersonal relationship satisfaction and the moderation effects of tradition-directedness and trust in strangers on this relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
This research includes two studies. Study 1 tested hypotheses regarding the effects of general shopping behaviours based on data from the 2012 Survey of the Chinese General Social Survey (n=5,210). Study 2 tested hypotheses regarding the effects of mall shopping based on a questionnaire survey conducted in 2016 (n=251).
Findings
Results showed that shopping promoted SWB and interpersonal relationship satisfaction mediated this correlation. Findings also revealed that both the direct effect of mall shopping on SWB and the indirect effect through interpersonal relationship satisfaction were contingent on the level of tradition-directedness; the direct effect was significant only at a low level of tradition-directedness. Trust in strangers moderated the effect of mall shopping on interpersonal relationship satisfaction.
Originality/value
The economy and society in China are changing tremendously, affecting consumers’ values and behaviour. This study highlights one aspect of this change, provides a framework for the exploration of the relationship between shopping and SWB and extends a new understanding of how Chinese consumers’ behaviours and lifestyles are associated.
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Pooja B. Vijayakumar and Christopher J. L. Cunningham
Globalization has led to individuals working and living outside their native country. The purpose of this paper is to examine relationship between motives for expatriation and…
Abstract
Purpose
Globalization has led to individuals working and living outside their native country. The purpose of this paper is to examine relationship between motives for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment in Indian expatriates working in the US information technology (IT) industry. Additionally, the moderating effects of self-initiated expatriates (SIE) and organizational expatriates (OE) on the relationship between motives for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment were studied. Also, existing measures in this area of research were analyzed to improve validity and utility for future studies. Participants responded to questions via an internet survey.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from 336 Indian IT professionals working in America. The authors evaluated the psychometric quality of reasons for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment measures by considering various fit statistics, modification indices and rational judgment based on item content. The authors used a maximum likelihood extraction method with an oblique rotation (Geomin) for these factor analyses, given the theoretically and empirically supported relationship between the subdimensions of both measures. Using these purified measures, a hierarchical regression analyses procedure was used to test the hypothesized relationships. A computational tool called PROCESS was used to test the hypothesized moderating effect of expatriate type on the relationship between motives for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment.
Findings
Preliminary factor analytic work suggested modifications to the reasons for expatriation measure used to quantify participants’ motives for expatriation. Using this revised measure, those with stronger financial (mercenary) motives for expatriation also reported less positive cultural adjustment, while those with stronger exploratory motives for expatriation reported more positive cultural adjustment. Some evidence was also observed for a weak, but notable moderating effect of expatriate type (SIE vs OE) on the relationship between expatriation motives and cultural adjustment.
Originality/value
This study presents a revised measure of expatriation motives, as well as expanded theoretical and empirical evidence base to help future researchers working with expatriates. The findings may be also helpful to organizations and consultants who work to prepare expatriates for their assignments, especially when these expatriates are Indian professionals preparing to work in the USA.
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Arthur Seakhoa-King, Marcjanna M Augustyn and Peter Mason
Marion M. Hetherington, Ali Bell and Barbara J. Rolls
The pleasantness of a food declines with consumption and this phenomenon has been demonstrated reliably in the short‐term. To investigate long‐term effects of repeat consumption…
Abstract
The pleasantness of a food declines with consumption and this phenomenon has been demonstrated reliably in the short‐term. To investigate long‐term effects of repeat consumption on pleasantness, preference and intake, 21 volunteers consumed either a salty snack (french fries) or sweet snack (chocolate) every day for 15 days. Four dependent variables were measured: pleasantness ratings, ranked preference, frequency of consumption and ad libitum intake. Daily pleasantness of taste ratings decreased across the exposure period only for chocolate. Ranked preference for chocolate declined during the sweet snack condition and increased during the salty snack condition. Preference for french fries remained the same during the salty snack condition and increased during the sweet snack condition. Frequency of consuming chocolate outside the laboratory decreased during the sweet snack exposure. No such pattern was found for french fries in either condition. Ad libitum intake in the laboratory remained the same over time for both foods. Short‐term sensory‐specific satiety within the eating episode was consistent over time. Therefore, long‐term monotony effects were found only for pleasantness, preference and frequency of eating chocolate following repeated exposure, but these changes had no impact on ad libitum intake. Systematic, repeat exposure to a single food provides a useful paradigm for investigating the development of monotony.
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