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A real potential exists for library use of voice technologies: as aids to the disabled or illiterate library user, as front‐ends for general library help systems, in online systems for commands or control words, and in many of the hands‐busy‐eyes‐busy activities that are common in libraries. Initially, these applications would be small, limited processes that would not require the more fluent human‐machine communication that we might hope for in the future. Voice technologies will depend on and benefit from new computer systems, advances in artificial intelligence and expert systems to facilitate their use and enable them to better circumvent present input and output problems. These voice systems will gradually assume more importance, improving access to information and complementing existing systems, but they will not likely revolutionize or dominate human‐machine communications or library services in the near future.

Voice as the communications device for computer—human interaction is not a new concept, having been a favorite of the SF writers for many years. It is the most immediate and natural means of communication, and is in use today as voice response or voice recognition systems for human—computer interfaces in business, industry and medicine. This article examines the potential for their use within the library environment, as an additional tool for computer input or output.

Elder suicide is a major problem, particularly in the USA, that accounts for 15.9 in 100,000 deaths, or an average of one death every 95 minutes. The rate of elder suicide is higher than that of any other age group. Unlike teens, or younger age groups, the elderly attempting suicide are largely successful. This selective literature guide includes materials on elder suicide that deal with all aspects of the topic, including identification of those at risk, prevention, and survivors, as well as resources addressing alternative views of suicide, such as assisted, rational, and pre‐emptive suicide.

With the introduction of optical disc technologies in the mid‐1980s, access to periodical literature has entered a new era. Although librarians perceive inadequacies with some of the new systems and the means by which they deliver information, users have embraced them enthusiastically.

To meet the challenges of the electronic library, technical services staff members must be able to articulate the value they add to the institution—not only in the realm of the library's bibliographic database but also in the larger context of building an organizational framework for electronic information and services. Technical services departments must be willing to re‐engineer processing activities and equip their staffs with both the hardware and the skills needed to meet these challenges. In Mann Library, the digital or electronic library is being built upon the traditional infrastructure of the library. Responsibilities related to selecting, acquiring, describing, and servicing networked information are mainstreamed into the operations of the library. This article describes three projects that illustrate the range of activities in which technical services staff are engaged. In these projects, technical services staff have been called upon to provide an organizational framework for numeric, full‐text, and bibliographic information.

Die Anwendung strategischer Fhrungsmethoden in Hotelunternehmen ist durch zunehmende Turbulenz im gesamtgesellschaftlichen Umfeld und durch Intensivierung des Wettbewerbes in der Tourismusbranche wichtiger denn je. Unbefriedigend ist, dass die strategische Fhrung von Service‐unternehmen lange Zeit zu sehr unter dem Eindruck einer Theorie fr Unternehmen der Sachgterpro‐duktion gestanden hat. Erst in den letzten Jahren wurden in verstärktem Masse eigene Theorieansätze entwickelt, wobei bestimmte Besonderheiten von Dienstleistungen verstärkte Beachtung finden. Dazu zählt vornehmlich die “buyer/seller‐interaction”, mit simultanem Ablauf von Produktion und Konsum. Die von Gästen wahrgenommene Qualität persönlicher Dienstleistungen wird in dieser Situation massgeblich beeinflusst. Um eine strategische Managementfalle zu vermeiden, ist daher das Geschehen im Rahmen persönlicher Gästekontakte und das damit verbundene Problem einer präventiven Qualitäts‐sicherung im Rahmen von Stärken/Schwächen‐Ana‐lysen als zentraler Erfolgsfaktor zu beachten.

Despite growing interest in misconduct spillovers – where unimplicated bystanders’ stock prices, reputations, resources, and opportunities are positively or negatively affected by others’ misconduct – theory about spillovers’ antecedents has largely focused on industry or product similarity, and has used the same characteristics to argue for both positive and negative spillovers. Furthermore, limited research has considered both positive and negative spillovers together, instead focusing on one kind of spillover or the other in isolation, thereby creating a lack of theoretical integration within the literature. In this chapter, we draw on attribution theory and expectancy violations theory to explain when and how misconduct incurs positive and negative spillovers. We argue that a spillover’s valence depends on the locus of attributions made by stakeholders, where the misconduct’s causes are attributed to the perpetrator alone (i.e., an isolated attribution) – resulting in positive spillovers – or the misconduct’s causes are perceived as indicative of a systemic problem shared among a broader set of organizations (i.e., a systemic attribution), leading to negative spillovers. We further suggest that the misconduct’s nature and misconduct prevalence within a perpetrator and among other firms influences stakeholders’ attributions, and ultimately the spillover’s valence. Our theory contributes to the organizational misconduct literature by providing a unifying theoretical framework to understand both positive and negative spillovers.

The purpose of this paper is to explore how social value orientation and domain knowledge affect cooperation levels and transcription quality in crowdsourced manuscript transcription, and contribute to the recruitment of participants in such projects in practice.

The authors conducted a quasi-experiment using Transcribe-Sheng, which is a well-known crowdsourced manuscript transcription project in China, to investigate the influences of social value orientation and domain knowledge. The experiment lasted one month and involved 60 participants. ANOVA was used to test the research hypotheses. Moreover, inverviews and thematic analyses were conducted to analyze the qualitative data in order to provide additional insights.

The analysis confirmed that in crowdsourced manuscript transcription, social value orientation has a significant effect on participants’ cooperation level and transcription quality; domain knowledge has a significant effect on participants’ transcription quality, but not on their cooperation level. The results also reveal the interactive effect of social value orientation and domain knowledge on cooperation levels and quality of transcription. The analysis of the qualitative data illustrated the influences of social value orientation and domain knowledge on crowdsourced manuscript transcription in detail.

Researchers have paid little attention to the impacts of the psychological and cognitive factors on crowdsourced manuscript transcription. This study investigated the effect of social value orientation and the combined effect of social value orientation and domain knowledge in this context. The findings shed light on crowdsourcing transcription initiatives in the cultural heritage domain and can be used to facilitate participant selection in such projects.