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Article
Publication date: 15 July 2021

Mehdi Habibi, Yunus Dawji, Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh and Sebastian Magierowski

Nanopore-based molecular sensing and measurement, specifically DNA sequencing, is advancing at a fast pace. Some embodiments have matured from coarse particle counters to enabling…

Abstract

Purpose

Nanopore-based molecular sensing and measurement, specifically DNA sequencing, is advancing at a fast pace. Some embodiments have matured from coarse particle counters to enabling full human genome assembly. This evolution has been powered not only by improvements in the sensors themselves, but also in the assisting microelectronic CMOS readout circuitry closely interfaced to them. In this light, this paper aims to review established and emerging nanopore-based sensing modalities considered for DNA sequencing and CMOS microelectronic methods currently being used.

Design/methodology/approach

Readout and amplifier circuits, which are potentially appropriate for conditioning and conversion of nanopore signals for downstream processing, are studied. Furthermore, arrayed CMOS readout implementations are focused on and the relevant status of the nanopore sensor technology is reviewed as well.

Findings

Ion channel nanopore devices have unique properties compared with other electrochemical cells. Currently biological nanopores are the only variants reported which can be used for actual DNA sequencing. The translocation rate of DNA through such pores, the current range at which these cells operate on and the cell capacitance effect, all impose the necessity of using low-noise circuits in the process of signal detection. The requirement of using in-pixel low-noise circuits in turn tends to impose challenges in the implementation of large size arrays.

Originality/value

The study presents an overview on the readout circuits used for signal acquisition in electrochemical cell arrays and investigates the specific requirements necessary for implementation of nanopore-type electrochemical cell amplifiers and their associated readout electronics.

Content available
Article
Publication date: 1 December 2002

48

Abstract

Details

Industrial Robot: An International Journal, vol. 29 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

Keywords

Content available
72

Abstract

Details

Assembly Automation, vol. 30 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-5154

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1985

Karl Beuter and Rainer Weiß

Acoustic pattern recognition has shown itself to be a powerful inspection aid.

Abstract

Acoustic pattern recognition has shown itself to be a powerful inspection aid.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Article
Publication date: 19 July 2019

Linlin Wang, Jianyao Yao, Huiming Ning, Liangke Wu, Dongyang Sun and Ning Hu

This paper aims to investigate the effects of the pia matter on cerebral cortical folding.

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effects of the pia matter on cerebral cortical folding.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-layer buckling simulation model composited by the white matter, gray matter and the pia matter is adopted to analyze the effect of the pia matter on cortical folding. The volume growth of brain tissues is simulated using thermal expansion. The effects of the pia matter growth rate, thickness and stiffness on cortical folding is investigated.

Findings

The simulation results show that all of these three aforementioned factors of pia matter have obvious effects on cerebral cortical folding. Especially, the thickening of the pia matter may lead to cortical folding malformation such as polymicrogyria, which is in good agreement with the recent reported anatomical findings.

Originality/value

The three-layer model in this paper composited by the white matter, gray matter and the pia matter is different from the usually used two-layer model only composited by the white matter and gray matter. This three-layer model has successfully validated the effect of the pia matter on cerebral cortical folding. The simulation results can explain the anatomical findings very well.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 36 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 23 May 2008

Jose Maria Lopez Pedrosa and Mark Bradley

The purpose of this paper is to develop a high‐throughput approach to optimize printing of pigment‐based formulations.

1340

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a high‐throughput approach to optimize printing of pigment‐based formulations.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 40 formulations were robotically prepared by varying the concentrations of diethyleneglycol, glycerol and surfynol. In addition, a variety of inkjet printer (process) variables (voltage, pulse width and frequency) was varied. The combined influence of these two sets of variables on printing performance were determined, analysed and optimised using the Statistical Software Package (MODDE 8), which uses multiple linear regression and partial least square analysis.

Findings

The components diethyleneglycol and surfynol were observed to predominantly control viscosity and surface tension of all formulations, which voltage and pulse width were found to be the main factors controlling the spread of the droplet on the substrate.

Practical implications

Optimisation of pigment‐based formulations has typically involved the one‐by‐one systematic variation of components in a stepwise manner. The work reported here allowed the generation of a robust model allowing the properties of any new formulation to be accurately predicted. Importantly, the experimental tools and methods developed can be applied quite generally to the preparation of any new formulation for inkjet printing application.

Originality/value

Experimental design and high‐throughput technology allow new formulations to be accurately predicted for diverse inkjet applications.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 37 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 7 March 2008

Benjamin T. Schmidt, Joseph M. Feduska, Ashley M. Witt and Bridget M. Deasy

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the advantages of a robotic time‐lapsed microscopic imaging system for tracking stem cells in in vitro biological assays which measure…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the advantages of a robotic time‐lapsed microscopic imaging system for tracking stem cells in in vitro biological assays which measure stem cell activities.

Design/methodology/approach

The unique aspects of the system include robotic movement of stem cell culture flasks which enables selection of a large number of regions of interest for data collection. Numerous locations of a cell culture flask can be explored and selected for time‐lapsed analysis. The system includes an environmentally controlled chamber to maintain experimental conditions including temperature, gas levels, and humidity, such that stem cells can be tracked by visible and epifluorescence imaging over extended periods of time.

Findings

This is an extremely unique system for both individual cell tracking and cell population tracking in real‐time with high‐throughput experimental capability. In comparison to a conventional manual cell culture and assay approach, this system provides stem cell biologists with the ability to quantify numerous and unique temporal changes in stem cell populations, this drastically reduces man‐hours, consumes fewer laboratory resources and provides standardization to biological assays.

Research limitations/implications

Fundamental basic biology questions can be addressed using this approach.

Practical implications

Stem cells are often available only in small numbers – due both to their inherent low frequency in the post‐natal tissue as compared to somatic cells, and their slow growth rates. The unique capabilities of this robotic cell culture system allow for the study of cell populations which are few in number.

Originality/value

The robotic time‐lapsed imaging system is a novel approach to stem cell research.

Details

Industrial Robot: An International Journal, vol. 35 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1992

W.P. Dobbins

In SMT manufacturing, automation is the key to achieving the highest throughput at the lowest cost. Complex devices of various shapes and sizes often require final electrical…

Abstract

In SMT manufacturing, automation is the key to achieving the highest throughput at the lowest cost. Complex devices of various shapes and sizes often require final electrical adjustments under operating conditions to ensure conformance to electrical specifications. This paper describes the process of laser trimming completed SMT devices and the advantages it has over conventional trimming methods. The material presented is based on laser trimming systems currently used in SMT production applications that will also be described.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 4 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

Article
Publication date: 13 September 2011

V. Nemkov, R. Ruffini, R. Goldstein, J. Jackowski, T.L. DeWeese and R. Ivkov

The purpose of this paper is to continue studies previously reported with the primary focus of optimizing an inductor design. The potential benefits of hyperthermia for cancer…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to continue studies previously reported with the primary focus of optimizing an inductor design. The potential benefits of hyperthermia for cancer therapy, particularly metastatic cancers of the prostate, may be realized by the use of targeted magnetic nanoparticles that are heated by alternating magnetic fields (AMFs).

Design/methodology/approach

To further explore the potential of this technology, a high‐throughput cell culture treatment system is needed. The AMF requirements for this research present challenges to the design and manufacture of an induction system because a high flux density field at high frequency must be created in a relatively large volume. Additional challenges are presented by the requirement that the inductor must maintain an operating temperature between 35 and 39°C with continuous duty operation for 1 h or longer. Results of simulation and design of two devices for culture samples and for in vitro tests of multiple samples in uniform field are described.

Findings

The inductor design chosen provides a uniform distribution of relatively high magnetic field strength while providing an optimal reduction in the voltage and power requirement. Through development of design and selection of magnetic concentrator, the exposure of the cell cultures to the heat generated by the inductor is minimized.

Originality/value

This method of generating uniform high AC magnetic fields in a large volume is beneficial for the study of hyperthermia in cells for a high throughput, necessary for cancer treatment research.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 30 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Content available
Article
Publication date: 2 October 2007

212

Abstract

Details

Assembly Automation, vol. 27 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-5154

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