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Article
Publication date: 30 September 2014

Masoud Kharati Koopaee and Iman Jelodari

The objective of present research is to characterize the unsteady thermal behavior of a square enclosure filled with water-Al2O3 nanofluids in the presence of oriented magnetic…

Abstract

Purpose

The objective of present research is to characterize the unsteady thermal behavior of a square enclosure filled with water-Al2O3 nanofluids in the presence of oriented magnetic fields. The purpose this paper is to study the effect of pertinent parameters on the transient natural convection in the enclosure.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, an in-house implicit finite volume code based on the SIMPLE algorithm is utilized for numerical calculations. To ensure the accuracy of results, comparisons are also made with previous works in literature. In this study, a constant strength magnetic field is concerned and for Rayleigh numbers of Ra=103, 104 and 105 the effect of magnetic field orientation with respect to the case of zero inclination on the thermal performance of cavity is investigated at Hartmann number range of Ha=15-90. In the present work, the nano-particle volume fractions range from φ=0-0.06.

Findings

Results show that when Rayleigh number is Ra=103, the inclination angle, solid particles and Hartmann number has no effect on the transient behavior. It is shown that during the time advancement to steady condition, the heat transfer rate relative to zero inclination angle, may reach to a maximum value. This relative maximum heat transfer increases as the inclination angle increases and decreases as the solid volume fraction increases. The effect of increase in Hartmann number is to decrease this maximum value at Rayleigh number of Ra=104 and at Rayleigh number of Ra=105, depending on the Hartmann number, this value may increase or decrease. It is also found that an increase in Hartmann number leads to delay the appearance of the relative maximum value of heat transfer. Results show that this maximum value is of more significance at zero solid volume fraction when inclination angle is 90 degrees and Hartmann number is Ha=60.

Originality/value

Limited works could be found in the literature regarding the idea of using nanofluids as the working fluid in an enclosure in the presence of magnetic field. In these works, the steady state thermal behavior of enclosures subjected to fixed magnetic fields is concerned. In the present work, the unsteady thermal behavior is concerned and the effect of magnetic field orientation angles on transient heat transfer performance of the enclosure at different Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers and solid volume fractions is explored.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 31 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 September 2002

Michele Ciofalo and Fabrizio Cricchio

The buoyancy‐driven magnetohydrodynamic flow in a cubic enclosure was investigated by three‐dimensional numerical simulation. The enclosure was volumetrically heated by a uniform…

Abstract

The buoyancy‐driven magnetohydrodynamic flow in a cubic enclosure was investigated by three‐dimensional numerical simulation. The enclosure was volumetrically heated by a uniform power density and cooled along two opposite vertical walls, all remaining walls being adiabatic. A uniform magnetic field was applied orthogonally to the gravity vector and to the temperature gradient. The Prandtl number was 0.0321 (characteristic of Pb–17Li at 300°C), the Rayleigh number was 104, and the Hartmann number was made to vary between 0 and 2×103. The steady‐state Navier–Stokes equations, in conjunction with a scalar transport equation for the fluid's enthalpy and with the Poisson equation for the electrical potential, were solved by a finite volume method using a purposely modified CFD code and a computational grid with 643 nodes in the fluid. Emphasis was laid on the effects of increasing the Hartmann number on the complex three‐dimensional flow and current pattern.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 12 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 July 2019

Davood Toghraie and Ehsan Shirani

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mixed convection of a two-phase water–aluminum oxide nanofluid in a cavity under a uniform magnetic field.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mixed convection of a two-phase water–aluminum oxide nanofluid in a cavity under a uniform magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach

The upper wall of the cavity is cold and the lower wall is warm. The effects of different values of Richardson number, Hartmann number, cavitation length and solid nanoparticles concentration on the flow and temperature field and heat transfer rate were evaluated. In this paper, the heat flux was assumed to be constant of 10 (W/m2) and the Reynolds number was assumed to be constant of 300 and the Hartmann number and the volume fraction of solid nanoparticles varied from 0 to 60 and 0 to 0.06, respectively. The Richardson number was considered to be 0.1, 1 and 5. Aspect ratios were 1, 1.5 and 2.

Findings

Comparison of the results of this paper with the results of the numerical and experimental studies of other researchers showed a good correlation. The results were presented in the form of velocity and temperature profiles, stream and isotherm lines and Nusselt numbers. The results showed that by increasing the Hartmann number, the heat transfer rate decreases. An increase from 0 to 20 in Hartmann number results in a 20 per cent decrease in Nusselt numbers, and by increasing the Hartmann number from 20 to 40, a 16 per cent decrease is observed in Nusselt number. Accordingly, it is inferred that by increasing the Hartmann number, the reduction in the Nusselt number is decreased. As the Richardson number increased, the heat transfer rate and, consequently, the Nusselt number increased. Therefore, an increase in the Richardson number results in an increase of the Nusselt number, that is, an increase in Richardson number from 0.1 to 1 and from 1 to 5 results in 37 and 47 per cent increase in Nusselt number, respectively.

Originality/value

Even though there have been numerous investigations conducted on convection in cavities under various configurations and boundary conditions, relatively few studies are conducted for the case of nanofluid mixed convection in square lid-driven cavity under the effect of magnetic field using two-phase model.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 30 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 May 2021

Mojtaba Sepehrnia, Hossein Khorasanizadeh and Mohammad Behshad Shafii

This paper aims to study the thermal and thermo-hydraulic performances of ferro-nanofluid flow in a three-dimensional trapezoidal microchannel heat sink (TMCHS) under uniform heat…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to study the thermal and thermo-hydraulic performances of ferro-nanofluid flow in a three-dimensional trapezoidal microchannel heat sink (TMCHS) under uniform heat flux and magnetic fields.

Design/methodology/approach

To investigate the effect of direction of Lorentz force the magnetic field has been applied: transversely in the x direction (Case I);transversely in the y direction (Case II); and parallel in the z direction (Case III). The three-dimensional governing equations with the associated boundary conditions for ferro-nanofluid flow and heat transfer have been solved by using an element-based finite volume method. The coupled algorithm has been used to solve the velocity and pressure fields. The convergence is reached when the accuracy of solutions attains 10–6 for the continuity and momentum equations and 10–9 for the energy equation.

Findings

According to thermal indicators the Case III has the best performance, but according to performance evaluation criterion (PEC) the Case II is the best. The simulation results show by increasing the Hartmann number from 0 to 12, there is an increase for PEC between 845.01% and 2997.39%, for thermal resistance between 155.91% and 262.35% and ratio of the maximum electronic chip temperature difference to heat flux between 155.16% and 289.59%. Also, the best thermo-hydraulic performance occurs at Hartmann number of 12, pressure drop of 10 kPa and volume fraction of 2%.

Research limitations/implications

The embedded electronic chip on the base plate generates heat flux of 60 kW/m2. Simulations have been performed for ferro-nanofluid with volume fractions of 1%, 2% and 3%, pressure drops of 10, 20 and 30 kPa and Hartmann numbers of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12.

Practical implications

The authors obtained interesting results, which can be used as a design tool for magnetohydrodynamics micro pumps, microelectronic devices, micro heat exchanger and micro scale cooling systems.

Originality/value

Review of the literature indicated that there has been no study on the effects of magnetic field on thermal and thermo-hydraulic performances of ferro-nanofluid flow in a TMCHS, so far. In this three dimensional study, flow of ferro-nanofluid through a trapezoidal heat sink with five trapezoidal microchannels has been considered. In all of previous studies, in which the effect of magnetic field has been investigated, the magnetic field has been applied only in one direction. So as another innovation of the present research, the effect of applying magnetic field direction (transverse and parallel) on thermo-hydraulic behavior of TMCHS is investigated.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 31 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 11 January 2011

Sintu Singha and K.P. Sinhamahapatra

The purpose of this paper is to simulate the flow of a conducting fluid past a circular cylinder placed centrally in a channel subjected to an imposed transverse magnetic field to…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to simulate the flow of a conducting fluid past a circular cylinder placed centrally in a channel subjected to an imposed transverse magnetic field to study the effect of a magnetic field on vortex shedding at different Reynolds numbers varying from 50 to 250.

Design/methodology/approach

The two‐dimensional incompressible laminar viscous flow equations are solved using a second‐order implicit unstructured collocated grid finite volume method.

Findings

An imposed transverse magnetic field markedly reduces the unsteady lift amplitude indicating a reduction in the strength of the shed vortices. It is observed that the periodic vortex shedding at the higher Reynolds numbers can be completely suppressed if a sufficiently strong magnetic field is imposed. The required magnetic field strength to suppress shedding increases with Reynolds number. The simulation shows that the separated zone behind the cylinder in a steady flow is reduced as the magnetic field strength is increased.

Originality/value

In this paper, due attention is given to resolve and study the unsteady cylinder wake and its interaction with the shear‐layer on the channel wall in the presence of a magnetic field. A critical value of the Hartmann number for complete suppression of the shedding at a given Reynolds number is found.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 21 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 24 October 2018

Taher Armaghani, A. Kasaeipoor, Mohsen Izadi and Ioan Pop

The purpose of this paper is to numerically study MHD natural convection and entropy generation of Al2O3-water alumina nanofluid inside of T-shaped baffled cavity which is…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to numerically study MHD natural convection and entropy generation of Al2O3-water alumina nanofluid inside of T-shaped baffled cavity which is subjected to a magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach

Effect of various geometrical, fluid and flow factors such as aspect ratio of enclosure and baffle length, Rayleigh and Hartmann number of nanofluid have been considered in detail. The hydrodynamics and thermal indexes of nanofluid have been described using streamlines, isotherms and isentropic lines.

Findings

It is found that by enhancing Hartmann number, symmetrical streamlines gradually lose symmetry and their values decline. It is found that by enhancing Hartmann number, symmetrical streamlines gradually lose symmetry and their values decline. The interesting finding is an increase in the impact of Hartmann number on heat transfer indexes with augmenting Rayleigh number. However, with augmenting Rayleigh number and, thus, strengthening the buoyant forces, the efficacy of Hartmann number one, an index indicating the simultaneous impact of natural heat transfer to entropy generation increases. It is clearly seen that the efficacy of nanofluid on increased Nusselt number enhances with increasing aspect ratio of the enclosure. Based on the results, the Nusselt number generally enhances with the larger baffle length in the enclosure. Finally, with larger Hartmann number and lesser Nusselt one, entropy production is reduced.

Originality/value

The authors believe that all the results, both numerical and asymptotic, are original and have not been published elsewhere.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 28 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 November 1998

Nesreen K. Ghaddar

The hydrodynamic characteristic of a buoyancy‐driven convection loop containing an electrically‐conducting fluid in a transverse magnetic field is numerically investigated using a…

Abstract

The hydrodynamic characteristic of a buoyancy‐driven convection loop containing an electrically‐conducting fluid in a transverse magnetic field is numerically investigated using a two‐dimensional spectral element numerical model. One side of the loop is heated isothermally, the other side is cooled isothermally and the top and bottom sections are insulated. The study covers ranges of Grashof number, Gr, from 103 to 105, the Hartmann number, Ha, from 0 to 20, loop height to thickness ratio, L/d, from 10 to 20 and at Prandtl numbers of Pr = 0.02 and Pr = 1. Results are presented for the velocity, temperature profiles and heat transfer in terms of Hartmann number. At high Hartmann numbers the velocity gradient in the core of the flow decreases outside the Hartmann layer in the vicinity of the walls normal to the magnetic field. Comparison is made with the analytical solution of Ghaddar (1997), based on a parallel flow approximation and its range of validity is delineated. The numerical analysis compares well with the closed form analytical solution of the magnetohydrodynamic generator for the flow velocity and the induced current. This study reveals the existence of an optimal Hartmann number at which the induced electric current is maximised for all ranges of Prandtl numbers. The optimal Hartmann number found numerically for Pr = 0.02 is similar to the one predicted by the analytical 1‐D model.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 8 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 April 2013

M. Saleem, A. Hossain and R.S.R. Gorla

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a numerical study of the effect of magnetic field on thermocapillary convection of a two layered system of Newtonian fluids, confined in a…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a numerical study of the effect of magnetic field on thermocapillary convection of a two layered system of Newtonian fluids, confined in a rectangular cavity. The flow within the cavity is subject to the horizontal temperature gradient. Attention is focused on how the heat transfer and flow properties are affected subject to the applied magnetic field, particularly in the lower layer. For this purpose, the fluid combinations of di‐Boron Trioxide (B2O3) over Gallium Arsenide GaAs (III‐V), and Silicon oil 10 cSt over Fluorinert FC 70 are considered in the present study.

Design/methodology/approach

The non‐linear two‐dimensional vorticity transport equations along with the energy equations are solved for the two liquid layers using the Alternate Direct Implicit method, whereas the elliptic partial differential equations of the stream function are solved using the Successive Over Relaxation method.

Findings

It was found that despite the significant reduction of flow in the two layers, the number of cells in the lower layer increases with the increase in Hartmann number Ha. However, the flow intensity decreases with the increase in Hartmann number. This decrease is more pronounced in the lower layer, as compared to the upper layer. The numerical scheme employed for the solution is found to be in good agreement with the previous work.

Research limitations/implications

The analysis is made for two layer liquid system with undeformable interface and free surface. The detailed study of the effect of magnetic field on oscillatory Marangoni convection in two layer system with deformable interface is left for future work.

Practical implications

The approach is useful in optimizing the flow properties of the fluids in a two layer system, particularly the lower layer, to yield the results of potential practical interest.

Originality/value

The results of the study may be of some interest to researchers in the field of semiconductor technology, as the melt control is intensively investigated for the development in the manufacture of defect‐free semiconductors and crystals.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 23 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2013

GholamReza Kefayati, Mofid Gorji, Hasan Sajjadi and Davood Domiri Ganji

Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flows in fluids is known to have an important effect on heat transfer and fluid flow in various substances while the quality of the substances and the…

Abstract

Purpose

Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flows in fluids is known to have an important effect on heat transfer and fluid flow in various substances while the quality of the substances and the considered shapes can influence the amount of changes. Thus, MHD flows in a different form and widespread alterations in the kind of the material and the power of MHD flow were carried out by lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) in this investigation. The aim of this paper is to identify the ability of LBM for solving MHD flows as the effect of different substances in the presence of the magnetic field changes.

Design/methodology/approach

This method was utilized for solving MHD natural convection in an open cavity while Hartmann number varies from 0 to 150 and Rayleigh number is considered at values of Ra=103, 104 and 105, with the Prandtl number altering in a wide range of Pr=0.025, 0.71 and 6.2. An appropriate validation with previous numerical investigations demonstrated that this attitude is a suitable method for MHD problems.

Findings

Results show the alterations of Prandtl numbers influence the isotherms and the streamlines widely at different Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers simultaneously. Moreover, heat transfer declines with the increment of Hartmann number, while this reduction is marginal for Ra=103 by comparison with other Rayleigh numbers. The effect of the magnetic field on the average Nusselt number at Liquid Gallium (Pr=0.025) is the least among considered materials.

Originality/value

In this method, just the force term at LBM changes in the presence of MHD flow as the added term rises from the classic equations of fluids mechanic. Moreover, all parameters of the added term and the method of their computing are exhibited.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 30 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 17 October 2022

Tongsheng Wang, Anna Li, Guang Xi and Zhu Huang

The purpose of this study is to investigate the enhancement and suppression of heat transfer for hybrid nanofluids (Cu–Al2O3/water) in a square enclosure containing a…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the enhancement and suppression of heat transfer for hybrid nanofluids (Cu–Al2O3/water) in a square enclosure containing a thermal-conductive cylinder when the Lorentz force is applied to the hybrid nanofluids.

Design/methodology/approach

Since the inner conductive cylinder in present research has a complex geometry, an in-house meshless method, namely, the local radial basis function (LRBF) method, is applied to solve the 2 dimensional (2D) incompressible Navier–Stokes equation in the fluid domain and Fourier heat conduction equation in solid domain. The solid–fluid interface remains the physical continuity of temperature and heat flux. Only the Lorentz force is considered for the presence of the magnetic field. The conjugate natural convection is assumed to be steady, thus only fully developed heat exchange from the nanofluids to solid or vice versa is comprehensively investigated.

Findings

It can be concluded that Lorentz force plays a more significant role than hybrid nanofluids in enhancing/suppressing heat transfer when the orientation of magnetic field is the same to the x direction. The thermal conductivity ratio can dramatically change the isotherms and streamlines as well as the mean value of the Nusselt number, resulting in totally different heat transfer phenomena. The included angle of magnetic field also has a significant effect on the heat transfer rate when it changes from horizontal to vertical.

Research limitations/implications

The constant thermo-physical properties of incompressible fluid and the 2D steady flow are considered in this study.

Originality/value

The conjugate MHD natural convection of hybrid nanofluids is numerically investigated by an in-house meshless LRBF method. The enhancement and suppression of heat transfer under the combined influence of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, Hartmann number and the thermal conductivity ratio are comprehensively investigated.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 33 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

1 – 10 of over 4000