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Drawing upon conservation of resources theory, this study aims to explore how ethical leadership relates to subordinates' emotional exhaustion through the chain mediating effects of organizational networking behavior and organizational embeddedness.

Data were collected from 447 airport employees in China. PROCESS macro in SPSS was used to test the hypotheses.

Results indicated that ethical leadership is negatively correlated with emotional exhaustion; organizational networking behavior and organizational embeddedness play a chain mediating role in the negative relationship between ethical leadership and emotional exhaustion.

This study provides new insights into the association between ethical leadership and emotional exhaustion, and enriches the antecedents and consequences of organizational networking behavior.

The main objectives of this study were to examine the congruent/incongruent effects of ethical leadership–abusive supervision (EL-AS) on employees' job performance (JP), mediated by employees' workplace emotions.

In this study, multiphase data were collected from 276 frontline employees at a large automobile manufacturing company in southwest China. The hypotheses were tested performing polynomial regression and response surface analysis.

The results revealed that employees in “high–high” and “high–low” EL-AS experienced more positive emotions (PE), while “low–high” EL-AS triggered more negative emotions. Furthermore, employees' workplace emotions mediate the effect of EL-AS's congruence/incongruence on employees' JP.

Leaders should notice the paradoxical effects of EL and AS and adopt ambidextrous thinking to enhance subordinates' PE.

This study enriches the literature on paradoxical leadership by exploring the complex consequences that may result from the incongruent practice of two leadership behaviors that are often considered paradoxical in nature. Furthermore, it shifts from the previous leader-centered perspective to a subordinate-centered perspective, complementing the theoretical perspectives of EL and AS research. And it deepens the understanding of the relationship between paradoxical leadership and employees' work outcomes by exploring the intrinsic affective mechanism.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the temporal development of noncognitive abilities of children and the development trajectory of rural and urban children's noncognitive abilities in China.

Lexis diagram is used as the research framework to depict the development trajectory of rural and urban children's noncognitive abilities in China. By employing the nationally representative longitudinal survey data, China Family Panel Studies (2010–2016), the difference of rural and urban children's noncognitive abilities is disentangled into temporal, age and cohort effects.

There is a significant temporal rural–urban difference in children's noncognitive abilities, but the rural–urban gap would expand, narrow or show more complex development trends under different measurements. The results of age and cohort comparison are similar to those of temporal comparison, that is, there are divergent trajectories of rural–urban gap due to the different measurements and different ages and/or cohorts. Specifically, urban children perform better in self-esteem, but rural children always have a higher social responsibility, such a contrast between urban children's weak social responsibility under the advantageous condition and rural children's strong social responsibility in the relatively disadvantageous environment.

Children's noncognitive ability is not innate but is a gradually acquired characteristic through training and cultivation. The rural–urban difference of children's noncognitive abilities implies educational issues concerning educational principles in the urban environment and the educational resources' allocation in the rural society in China. Besides, as the unidimensional measurement of children's noncognitive ability is insufficient, the systematic measurement composed of multidimensional indicators utilizing cohort data or longitudinal data would be needed.

Steel and reinforced concrete are among the most common structural materials used in the construction industry. Cost and the speed of construction have been usually the main criteria when selecting a building’s structural system, whereby the environmental impact of the structural material is sometimes ignored. Availability of an easy-to-use tool for environmental assessment of the structural alternatives could encourage this evaluation in the decision making. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an automated tool for the environmental assessment of the on-site construction processes of a building structural system, which calculates the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the structural system as a parameter for comparison.

This assessment tool is implemented using a building information modeling (BIM) platform to extract structural elements and their key attributes, such as type, geometrical and locational data. These data are processed together with a productivity database to calculate machine hours, and then predefined energy and carbon inventories are used to assess the energy consumption of the structural system in the erection/installation stage.

This assessment tool provides an automated and easy-to-use approach to estimate energy consumption and carbon emissions of different structural systems that are modeled in a BIM platform. The results of this tool were within the ranges reported by the available studies.

This research project presents a novel approach to use BIM-based attributes of the structural elements to calculate the required efforts, i.e. machine hours, and assess their energy consumption and carbon emissions during construction processes.

The authors have prepared the triazole film on copper surface by click reaction and explored its inhibition mechanism.

The protective film is assembled by immersing bronze in solution containing p-toluenesulfonyl azide (TA) and propiolic acid (PA).

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicates that triazole (TTP) film was formed on bronze surface via click chemistry reaction between TA and PA. It shows TTP film has a good protection for bronze in the atmospheric environment simulation solution. Quantum chemical calculation (QC) and molecule dynamics simulation suggests TTP molecule adsorbs on bronze surface via N and O.

This is beneficial to develop the corrosion inhibitors for the corroded copper alloys.

In resolution A/RES/74/4, the U.N. Nations General Assembly adopted the Decade of Action to accelerate the achievement of the SDGs by 2030. The Decade of Action calls to improve actual efforts to accomplish the 2030 agenda for governments, civil society, the private sector, and other stakeholders. This call is the last opportunity we have to reach SDG9. Still, unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected all industrial sectors, which is unlikely to achieve inclusive and sustainable industrialisation by 2030. This chapter illustrates the adverse effects that the construction, manufacturing, and hospitality industries have suffered since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and how they gradually have returned to the new normal. It also shows the case of the industry that could be considered the ‘champion in the covid era’, the high-tech industry. Predominantly in covid times, high-tech firms have been a synonym for technological innovation, which is an absolute necessity to encourage competitiveness in all industrial sectors, mainly in essential activities. Finally, the chapter is closed with an invitation to reflect on the fundamental principle of SDG9, which is sustainable industrialisation, but above all, inclusivity. SDG9 cannot be considered achieved until its benefits are transferred to the countries in the global south.

This chapter offers a preliminary investigation into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer purchasing behaviour within the grocery retail industry and supports evidence that since the pandemic began at the end of 2019, there have been changes in the demands and behaviours of consumers (Donthu & Gustafsson, 2020). Previous research has reported that the pandemic resulted in retail consumers spending less and saving more (Jorda, Singh, & Taylor, 2020), as well as panic buying (Nazir, 2021), both of which initially contributed to the limited availability of goods. This preliminary study reports upon survey data collected from retail consumers and answers the question ‘What were the changes in consumer behaviour in the grocery sector as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic?’ Findings reveal that an increase in online shopping occurred more distinctly during the first of the UK’s lockdowns, which waned over time. Findings also reveal a lower shopping frequency, but higher shopping spends during lockdown, and that social distancing and discipline were key drivers of this behaviour change. Findings also reveal an intention to maintain a combination of new and old shopping behaviours and habits after lockdown, giving rise to the continuing importance of meeting consumers’ grocery needs online as well as in-store. This chapter further discusses the implications arising from the reported findings.

The purpose of this paper is to present a detection method based on computer vision for automatic flexible printed circuit (FPC) defect detection.

This paper proposes a new method of watershed segmentation based on morphology. A dimensional increment matrix calculation method and an image segmentation method combined with a fuzzy clustering algorithm are provided. The visibility of the segmented image and the segmentation accuracy of a defective image are guaranteed.

Compared with the traditional one, the segmentation result obtained in this study is superior in aspects of noise control and defect segmentation. It completely proves that the segmentation method proposed in this study is better matches the requirements of FPC defect extraction and can more effectively provide the segmentation result. Compared with traditional human operators, this system ensures greater accuracy and more objective detection results.

The extraction of FPC defect characteristics contains some obvious characteristics as well as many implied characteristics. These characteristics can be extracted through specific space conversion and arithmetical operation. Therefore, more images are required for analysis and foresight to establish a more widely used FPC defect detection sorting algorithm.

This paper proposes a new method of watershed segmentation based on morphology. It combines a traditional edge detection algorithm and mathematical morphology. The FPC surface defect detection system can meet the requirements of online detection through constant design and improvement. Therefore, human operators will be replaced by machine vision, which can preferably reduce the production costs and improve the efficiency of FPC production.

The purpose of this study is to design a wearable medical device as a human care platform and to introduce the design details, key technologies and practical implementation methods of the system.

A multi-channel data acquisition scheme based on PCI-E (rapid interconnection of peripheral components) was proposed. The flexible biosensor is integrated with the flexible data acquisition card with monitoring capability, and the embedded (device that can operate independently) chip STM32F103VET6 is used to realize the simultaneous processing of multi-channel human health parameters. The human health parameters were transferred to the upper computer LabVIEW by intelligent clothing through USB or wireless Bluetooth to complete the transmission and processing of clinical data, which facilitates the analysis of medical data.

The smart clothing provides a mobile medical cloud platform for wearable medical through cloud computing, which can continuously monitor the body's wrist movement, body temperature and perspiration for 24 h. The result shows that each channel is completely accurate to the top computer display, which can meet the expected requirements, and the wearable instant care system can be applied to healthcare.

The smart clothing in this study is based on the monitoring and diagnosis of textiles, and the electronic communication devices can cooperate and interact to form a wearable textile system that provides medical monitoring and prevention services to individuals in the fastest and most accurate way. Each channel of the system is precisely matched to the display screen of the host computer and meets the expected requirements. As a real-time human health protection platform technology, continuous monitoring of human vital signs can complete the application of human motion detection, medical health monitoring and human–computer interaction. Ultimately, such an intelligent garment will become an integral part of our everyday clothing.

Sulfate-induced degradation is one of the most important factors influencing the durability of concrete. The paper aims to clarify the transport-deterioration process of sulfates in concrete and thus to explain the mechanism and the deterioration of concrete by sulfates.

This paper presents an experimental study into the evolution of the transport-deterioration process of sulfate ions in concrete in a pure soaking environment.

The microscopic morphology of individual concrete layers at different depths and the change law of the sulfate ion concentration at the corresponding depths were investigated for different exposure times. Furthermore, the relationship between the changes in microstructure and the transport characteristics of the sulfate ions was studied.

A method to calculate the cracking level sulfate ion concentration was proposed.