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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2001

Irene Küpfer and Hans Elsasser

National parks have many fondions. They serve as nature reserves and, at the same time, they provide excellent recreation opportunities for millions of people worldwide. However…

Abstract

National parks have many fondions. They serve as nature reserves and, at the same time, they provide excellent recreation opportunities for millions of people worldwide. However, from the viewpoint of the regional local population they can also frequently restrict individual activities. For this reason, the issue of the economic potential of a national park for the relevant region is usually brought up very quickly. High expectations are frequently placed on the benefits from national park tourism. Surprisingly, there is a lack — at least for the Alpine region — of comprehensive studies of the importance of national park tourism for regional economies. The present publication aims to address and reduce this information deficit. Extensive visitor surveys carried out in and around the Swiss National Park in the summer of 1998 revealed that national park tourists booking accommodation in this region of 16 communities generated demand to the value of SFr 20.6 million. SFr 10.2 million of this amount was gross value added. This is the lower limit of the value added from national park tourism in the study area, and represents 2.5% of the regional CDP. Indirect and induced regional economic effects from national park tourism are also taken into account and based on key parameters provided by the relevant literature. In this way, the upper limit of value added by national park tourism can be estimated to be approximately SFr 17.4 million or 4.25% of the regional CDP. On the other hand, the comparative economic impact of national park day tourism can be considered very small. National park tourism contributes about one quarter of the total estimated value added of the region's summer tourism. This means that the National Park can be considered to be a major attraction for summer tourism in the surrounding region. However, the surveys also revealed that visitors to the National Park region appreciate the variety of activities offered, indicating that a national park on its own would likely be insufficient to promote a region's tourism or economy.

Details

Tourism Review, vol. 56 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1660-5373

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 2004

Julia Johnsen, Thomas Biegert, Hansrued Müller and Hans Elsasser

Mega events are nowadays seen as an important source to generate primary income and to overcome seasonality in tourism destinations. Special events therefore became one of the…

1815

Abstract

Mega events are nowadays seen as an important source to generate primary income and to overcome seasonality in tourism destinations. Special events therefore became one of the fastest growing types of tourism attractions. On the other hand, they are known to potentially have a disruptive impact on the ecosystem, the society and also the local and regional economy if organised without careful attention to basic principles of sustainability. The example of the Ski World Championship 2003 in St.Moritz/Switzerland is used to illustrate an integrative sustainability monitoring concept which was used in practice and gained international attention.

Details

Tourism Review, vol. 59 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1660-5373

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2002

Hans Elsasser, Bruno Abegg and Rolf Bürki Zürcher

The paper aimes at sketching influences of weather and climate on tourism. Weather and climate influence the supply and the demand of tourism. In connection with the climate…

Abstract

The paper aimes at sketching influences of weather and climate on tourism. Weather and climate influence the supply and the demand of tourism. In connection with the climate change the discussions about the impact of weather and climate on tourisme are intensified. The paper will make things easier for discussions between tourist industry and meteorology

Details

Tourism Review, vol. 57 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1660-5373

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1999

Martin Lohmann and Eike Kaim

Five factors are a prerequisite for tourism: Ability to travel and motivation to travel on the demand side, and attractiveness, amenities and accessibility on the side of the…

1154

Abstract

Five factors are a prerequisite for tourism: Ability to travel and motivation to travel on the demand side, and attractiveness, amenities and accessibility on the side of the destination. Concerning the attractiveness of a destination, the factor weather is of particular importance. Until now, there is a lack of empirical data, showing if and how weather affects holiday destination preferences.

Details

The Tourist Review, vol. 54 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0251-3102

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1997

Christoph Becker

The German network of leisure and tourism geography is analysing the concept of sustainable development in the field of tourism. This research is directed to point out the…

Abstract

The German network of leisure and tourism geography is analysing the concept of sustainable development in the field of tourism. This research is directed to point out the conditions for a sustainable tourism with high earnings which is accepted by the residents. Christoph Becker has published with Hubert Job and Anke Witzel an important textbook on sustainable tourism in Central Europe.

Details

The Tourist Review, vol. 52 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0251-3102

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 3 February 2023

Farhad Nazir

Tourism and natural hazards share a long pathway, owing to the fragile existential status of certain tourist destinations and voluntary and involuntary intervention of mankind in…

Abstract

Tourism and natural hazards share a long pathway, owing to the fragile existential status of certain tourist destinations and voluntary and involuntary intervention of mankind in the business of natural environment. Over a course of history, numberless natural hazards prevailed and left behind some of the colossal and collateral damage on the physicality and virtuality of destinations. Volume of studies contended this direct and inverse association. Resultantly, impact measurement, ongoing imagery issues and future forecasting have been made to ease out the tourist destination from the consequences of natural hazards. Moreover, considering the inner fabric of tourism system (demand and supply side), natural hazards have been foreseen as unwanted yet necessary event to be emphasized and taken care of. Predominantly, in the existing global milieu of maximum human intervention in the climatic cycle and its outcomes in the form of global warming, climate concerns, natural hazards have been considered as inevitable and destined. Hence, it needs a comprehensive literature-based study to assess the risk factor of natural hazards on the tourist destinations. This study, in acquiescence to address this grey section, intends to explore the existing studies (drafted on the risks impacts of natural hazards on demand, supply and ancillary segments of tourism) and structure the findings thematically and orchestrate these findings in the existing body of literature. Implications from the findings have been presented.

Article
Publication date: 28 July 2022

Michel Toulouse, H.K. Dai and Truong Giang Le

Sharding of blockchains consists of partitioning a blockchain network into several sub-networks called “shards,” each shard processing and storing disjoint sets of transactions in…

Abstract

Purpose

Sharding of blockchains consists of partitioning a blockchain network into several sub-networks called “shards,” each shard processing and storing disjoint sets of transactions in parallel. Sharding has recently been applied to public blockchains to improve scalability through parallelism. The throughput of sharded blockchain is optimized when the workload among the shards is approximately the same. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problem of balancing workload of account-based blockchains such as Ethereum.

Design/methodology/approach

Two known consensus-based distributed load-balancing algorithms have been adapted to sharded blockchains. These algorithms migrate accounts across shards to balance transaction processing times. Two methods to predict transaction processing times are proposed.

Findings

The authors identify some challenging aspects for solving the load-balancing problem in sharded blockchains. Experiments conducted with Ethereum transactions show that the two load-balancing algorithms are challenged by accounts often created to process a single transaction to optimize anonymity, while existing accounts sparsely generate transactions.

Originality/value

Tests in this work have been conducted on transactions originating from a blockchain platform rather than using artificially generated data distributions. They show the specificity of the load-balancing problem for sharded blockchains, which were hidden in artificial data sets.

Details

International Journal of Web Information Systems, vol. 18 no. 2/3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1744-0084

Keywords

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