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1 – 10 of over 2000S.A. Shama, M.M. El-Molla, Riad F. Basalah and S. El-Sayed Saeed
Disappearing ink was prepared using different concentrations of thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein and their mixture, applying to different types of handwriting surfaces such as…
Abstract
Disappearing ink was prepared using different concentrations of thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein and their mixture, applying to different types of handwriting surfaces such as cotton, polyester and polyamide. The effects of thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein and alkali concentrations (i.e. pH) on the fading time were studied. The handwriting stability increased when the concentration of thymolphthalein or phenolphthalein was increased. At a high concentration of alkali with phenolphthalein and its mixture with thymolphthalein, the handwriting stability decreased with polyester or polyamide handwriting surfaces and the stability increased in the case of cotton. When the faded handwriting surfaces were subject to the thermal effect in a thermostatically controlled oven at 100°C for 10 minutes by hanging them with suitable hooks, there was no change in the faded handwriting. When they were at 150°C for 20 minutes, the faded phenolphthalein ink, which contained 0.5ml of 1N NaOH, was visible and shown red on the polyester and polyamide handwriting surfaces, but there was no change on the faded cotton handwriting surface.
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Therese McNamee and Sandra Patton
This study aims to investigate teacher perspectives on teaching handwriting to children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and collaboration with occupational therapists.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate teacher perspectives on teaching handwriting to children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and collaboration with occupational therapists.
Design/methodology/approach
A descriptive design was applied. Purpose-designed surveys were distributed to teachers of children with ASD (aged 4-12 years) in the Republic of Ireland. A response rate of 35 per cent (N = 75) was obtained, with 25 responses analysed using descriptive statistics of closed questions and content analysis of open-ended questions.
Findings
Of 139 children with ASD, 80 (58 per cent) were reported to have difficulties with handwriting. Teachers reported specific difficulties with pencil grasp, letter formation and task concept among the children with ASD. Fourteen (56 per cent, N = 25) respondents did not give handwriting as homework. Teachers valued occupational therapy advice, individualised programmes and ongoing consultation during implementation. Interest in occupational therapy education regarding handwriting was reported.
Practical implications
Occupational therapy collaboration to address handwriting difficulties for children with ASD should include involvement in teacher education, coordination of teacher–parent collaboration and the need for involvement in early intervention provision within an emergent literacy framework.
Originality/value
Handwriting development is challenging for children with ASD. There is limited information on teaching or teacher–occupational therapy collaborative practices to address handwriting difficulties of children with ASD.
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Xingyao Ren, Lan Xia and Jiangang Du
The effect of different formats of message delivery has received little theoretical and empirical examination. This research focuses on the effect of written relational…
Abstract
Purpose
The effect of different formats of message delivery has received little theoretical and empirical examination. This research focuses on the effect of written relational communication formats used by service providers. This study aims to answer three questions: Do different formats of written communications (i.e. handwriting and print) influence customer perceptions (i.e. feelings of warmth) of service firms? What are the mediators of these influences (i.e. perceived effort and psychological closeness)? And under what conditions do they occur (i.e. what is the contextual factor)?
Design/methodology/approach
One field study and three laboratory studies were conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of format in written communication.
Findings
Handwritten messages are more effective than print messages in building relationships in a service context because they elicit stronger feelings of warmth because of both the perception of greater effort and feelings of greater psychological closeness to the service provider. However, the presence of handwriting fails to deliver feelings of warmth when the quality of core services is low.
Practical implications
Service providers can effectively use handwritten communication to signal effort and create psychological closeness for relationship building with their key customers only when the quality of core services meets customer expectations.
Originality/value
First, the research differentiates the formats of written relational communication (handwritten vs print), and links communication formats with feelings of warmth, which is an important factor for impression and relationship formation in the practice of services marketing. Second, based on cognitive-experiential self-theory, this research demonstrates the dual mediators underlying the effect of handwriting (vs print) on warmth: perceived effort and psychological closeness. Third, it identifies the quality of core service as a boundary condition for the effect of handwritten communication.
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Sketches the historical interest in and development of graphology fromits arcane origins and status to its rehabilitation in modern academicenvironments. Illustrates some of the…
Abstract
Sketches the historical interest in and development of graphology from its arcane origins and status to its rehabilitation in modern academic environments. Illustrates some of the many applications of the technique to organizational processes, like recruitment and selection and other personnel practices.
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This paper aims to serve as a commentary on the paper titled “Implementation of an Adapted Handwriting Without Tears® Programme for Children with Developmental Disabilities in a…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to serve as a commentary on the paper titled “Implementation of an Adapted Handwriting Without Tears® Programme for Children with Developmental Disabilities in a Special Education Setting.”
Design/methodology/approach
It provides an overview of educational strategies that can be used in school settings to support professionals in acquiring skills relevant to their practice and promoting the acquisition of new abilities for their students.
Findings
It explores three critical aspects of education: measuring academic progress, using evidence-based methods and enhancing educator training.
Originality/value
This work represents the personal perspective of a professional working in the service delivery field for children with developmental disabilities in schools and rehabilitative centres.
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Writing, as a critical academic skill, is receiving national attention – joining the ranks of reading, mathematics, and science. The focus on increased writing performance…
Abstract
Writing, as a critical academic skill, is receiving national attention – joining the ranks of reading, mathematics, and science. The focus on increased writing performance standards for all students has implications for students with learning disabilities (LD), as these students are most likely to struggle with basic writing skills, and with expressing their ideas and demonstrating knowledge through written expression. Fortunately, research-based practices have been established for teaching students with LD across writing dimensions. In this chapter, instructional approaches for writing instruction, and current and future trends for addressing standards, are described.
This paper aims to give the Investigator of Fraud an appreciation of the sorts of assistance that the Forensic Document Examiner can offer him. It gives an indication as to the…
Abstract
This paper aims to give the Investigator of Fraud an appreciation of the sorts of assistance that the Forensic Document Examiner can offer him. It gives an indication as to the material needed from the investigator if the examiner is to provide the maximum help. It contains some information about the possibilities of dating documents.
The popularity of mobile devices and the evolving nature of the services and information they can delivery make them increasingly desirable targets for misuse. The ability to…
Abstract
Purpose
The popularity of mobile devices and the evolving nature of the services and information they can delivery make them increasingly desirable targets for misuse. The ability to provide effective authentication of the user becomes imperative if protection against misuse of personally and financially sensitive information is to be provided. This paper discusses the application of biometrics to a mobile device in a transparent and continuous fashion and the subsequent advantages and disadvantages that are in contention with various biometric techniques.
Design/methodology/approach
An investigation was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of utilising signature recognition, to verify users based upon written words and not signatures, thereby enabling transparent handwriting verification. Participants were required to write a number of common words, such as “hello” “sorry” and “thank you”. The ability to correctly verify against their own template and to reject impostors was then established.
Findings
Totally, 20 users participated in the study and an average FAR and FRR of 0 and 1.2 per cent, respectively, were experienced across eight common words.
Research limitations/implications
The initial study has proven very successful, however, further investigations need to be established with a larger population of users and a wider vocabulary of words.
Originality/value
This study has verified the feasibility of applying an existing signature recognition technique to transparent handwriting verification.
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If you mention the word graphology to people, they often look slightly puzzled and think it's something to do with reading tea‐leaves in a teacup, or perhaps with astrology or…
Abstract
If you mention the word graphology to people, they often look slightly puzzled and think it's something to do with reading tea‐leaves in a teacup, or perhaps with astrology or palmistry. If, however, you declare a serious interest in the subject, you notice a certain recoil from someone who is evidently a nut case ana accordingly best avoided.
Guenter Muehlberger, Louise Seaward, Melissa Terras, Sofia Ares Oliveira, Vicente Bosch, Maximilian Bryan, Sebastian Colutto, Hervé Déjean, Markus Diem, Stefan Fiel, Basilis Gatos, Albert Greinoecker, Tobias Grüning, Guenter Hackl, Vili Haukkovaara, Gerhard Heyer, Lauri Hirvonen, Tobias Hodel, Matti Jokinen, Philip Kahle, Mario Kallio, Frederic Kaplan, Florian Kleber, Roger Labahn, Eva Maria Lang, Sören Laube, Gundram Leifert, Georgios Louloudis, Rory McNicholl, Jean-Luc Meunier, Johannes Michael, Elena Mühlbauer, Nathanael Philipp, Ioannis Pratikakis, Joan Puigcerver Pérez, Hannelore Putz, George Retsinas, Verónica Romero, Robert Sablatnig, Joan Andreu Sánchez, Philip Schofield, Giorgos Sfikas, Christian Sieber, Nikolaos Stamatopoulos, Tobias Strauß, Tamara Terbul, Alejandro Héctor Toselli, Berthold Ulreich, Mauricio Villegas, Enrique Vidal, Johanna Walcher, Max Weidemann, Herbert Wurster and Konstantinos Zagoris
An overview of the current use of handwritten text recognition (HTR) on archival manuscript material, as provided by the EU H2020 funded Transkribus platform. It explains HTR…
Abstract
Purpose
An overview of the current use of handwritten text recognition (HTR) on archival manuscript material, as provided by the EU H2020 funded Transkribus platform. It explains HTR, demonstrates Transkribus, gives examples of use cases, highlights the affect HTR may have on scholarship, and evidences this turning point of the advanced use of digitised heritage content. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts a case study approach, using the development and delivery of the one openly available HTR platform for manuscript material.
Findings
Transkribus has demonstrated that HTR is now a useable technology that can be employed in conjunction with mass digitisation to generate accurate transcripts of archival material. Use cases are demonstrated, and a cooperative model is suggested as a way to ensure sustainability and scaling of the platform. However, funding and resourcing issues are identified.
Research limitations/implications
The paper presents results from projects: further user studies could be undertaken involving interviews, surveys, etc.
Practical implications
Only HTR provided via Transkribus is covered: however, this is the only publicly available platform for HTR on individual collections of historical documents at time of writing and it represents the current state-of-the-art in this field.
Social implications
The increased access to information contained within historical texts has the potential to be transformational for both institutions and individuals.
Originality/value
This is the first published overview of how HTR is used by a wide archival studies community, reporting and showcasing current application of handwriting technology in the cultural heritage sector.
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