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According to unearthed materials of braids, hand braiding originate in the last stage of the Old Stone Age China and has a history of over 7000 years, which remains a unique handicraft in our society. In terms of the arrangement of yarns, braiding can be categorized into two kinds of techniques: double system braiding and single system. In ancient China, most braids were made by double system braiding. The technique of single system braiding was at its peak of development in the Zhou dynasty. Around the Han dynasty, diagonal braiding and twist braiding were in fashion, and a complex braiding technique of the combining of the two types of braiding was invented. Since the Shang dynasty, the application of braiding has been limited to narrow fabrics, shaped products, and some special trimmings, such as knots.

Double system braiding was directly responsible for the development of machine weaving. Loop braiding and crook braiding are similar to modern knitting and crocheting in many aspects. The scope of braiding application has now diminished, but its technical and cultural significance remains.

Whereas the Minister of Labour (hereafter in this Order referred to as “the Minister”) has received from the Rope, Twine and Net Wages Council (Great Britain) the wages regulation proposals set out in Schedules 1 and 2 hereof;

Encouraging entrepreneurship has become an accepted wisdom in economic management and government policy. It could only be a matter of time before the world of education was invoked as a means of furthering this end. Business schools have not made the most incisive contribution possible, and there is a significant expectations gap. So as we cascade down to the secondary level, efforts are being made to improve matters. The initiative of the National Foundation for Teaching Entrepreneurship is outlined, and research results relating to impact are provided. This is a systematic and comprehensive approach, which started in the USA and has currently spread abroad. It has been well received, and is a suitable means of planting seeds that may come to fruition in later life. It is an action learning approach, which is an excellent vehicle for teaching business studies. It has proved itself in widening access to under‐privileged groups.

This paper aims to provide an overview of the current manufacturing methods for three-dimensional textile preforms while providing experimental data on the emerging techniques of combining yarn interlocking with yarn interlooping.

The paper describes the key textile technologies used for composite manufacture: braiding, weaving and knitting. The various textile preforming methods are suited to different applications; their capabilities and end performance characteristics are analysed.

Such preforms are used in composites in a wide range of industries, from aerospace to medical and automotive to civil engineering. The paper highlights how the use of knitting technology for preform manufacture has gained wider acceptance due to its flexibility in design and shaping capabilities. The tensile properties of glass fibre knit structures containing inlay yarns interlocked between knitted loops are given, highlighting the importance of reinforcement yarns.

The future trends of reinforcement yarns in knitted structures for improved tensile properties are discussed, with initial experimental data.

WITH the approach of the European Management Conference at Torquay and the news that The Work Study Society will be holding a one‐day Conference in London on October 14th and another in Hereford on November 25th it looks as if work study men will have plenty of opportunities of exchanging points of view this autumn.

AN attempt has been made to include most of the major aspects of the subject and to provide material for discussion by both maker and user of flexible pipe assemblies. Such an assembly is a complete unit consisting of both hose and end couplings for conveying liquids and gases between component parts of an airframe or engine under widely varying conditions.

Examines the tenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.

The development and current specification for the Shadow Hand and Arm project are described. The Shadow robot has human like movements and uses air muscles to replicate the action of human muscles. This produces a robot mechanism that is compliant, intrinsically safe and suitable for use in direct contact with disabled and able bodied people.

How can organizations accelerate their learning processes and build intangible knowledge assets? Some companies are using digital technology simulations such as TeleSim and web‐based learning platforms.

Braiding organization theory and argumentation theory, the paper seeks to unfold how organizations act as social loci for the production, diffusion and development of arguments.

A Swedish association dedicated to the defense and promotion of nuclear power, Miljövänner För Kärnkraft (approximately Environmentalists for Nuclear Power) serves as a case study, describing the association's argumentative activity with a particular focus on its argument that “nuclear power is environment friendly as it produces no greenhouse gas emissions”.

The manner in which the association contextualizes this key argument illustrates the inter‐relationships that exist between organizing and arguing.

Organizing and arguing belong to each other's conditions of possibility, and it is therefore argued that an understanding of the organized character of argumentation is symmetrical to the argumentative character of organizing.