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This paper aims to find out what causes differences in understanding the concept of halal tourism between the government and stakeholders, which results in the slow development of halal tourism and the emergence of doubts for stakeholders who want to be part of halal tourism in Bandung.

This study used a qualitative research method, and then the results presented the Fishbone Diagram (Cause and Effect) of halal tourism concept in the City of Bandung. A case study approach is in accordance with the Bandung City branding as the halal tourism destination in Indonesia. The informants are the halal tourism stakeholders, consumers, the government and the tourism community.

Even though the level of Muslim tourist's arrival in Bandung has always been increasing, what was proclaimed by the government is unclear related to the halal tourism concept. The ambiguity of the halal tourism concept spread in Bandung impacts the absence of clear standardization of supporting facilities and accommodation and the emergence of anxiety and mistrust of stakeholders in applying the halal concept into their tourism business in Bandung.

This study was only conducted in Bandung City, Indonesia; hence, it lacks generality. Accordingly, future studies can expand to several potential halal tourism cities in Indonesia and halal tourists outside Bandung as informants.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first practical paper that provides a detailed and comprehensive description of the different concepts of halal tourism in the city of Bandung.

This study aims to conduct a synopsis and overview of past research that discussed halal hospitality development and the halal travel market.

An extensive systematic review of 108 articles within the hospitality and tourism domain from 2000 to 2021 that were extracted from the Web of Science and Scopus databases was exhaustively assessed.

The results are visualised to determine the most thematic domains, contexts and concepts previously discussed. It also computed the contribution of journals, authors and affiliations in fostering the mobility of halal tourism studies. The study attempted to chart new directions and insights for future scholars and academics to expand the scope of halal literature in two ways. It articulated the implications and guidance themes emphasised in previous studies and identified new paths to abreast the contemporary issues of the hospitality and tourism industry, including sustainable consumption trends, community development, technology and smart practises, as well as potential threats and challenges such as islamophobia.

In view of the fast growth of halal market studies, the direction and contribution of the previous literature produced limited discussions with certain theoretical concepts. This study advises new pathways in which halal tourism development can respond to contemporary issues in hospitality and tourism.

This paper aims to provide a primary contribution to the halal tourism industry by presenting a crisis and disaster management framework based on Islamic teachings.

To develop the framework, a systematic review was conducted using the grounded theory step as an analytical framework through tracing papers from 2000 to 2020. The first step was to carry out an open coding by collecting extracted concepts and categories. Furthermore, axial coding was carried out to connect among the categories. Selective coding was conducted to all identified categories, and they were then integrated to develop a framework. The results obtained are three selected coding, eight axial coding and 55 open coding.

The result indicates that Islam teaches much principles, behavioral responses and psychological responses to crises and disasters. However, it is not neatly arranged in a modern crisis and disaster management concept. In addition, the advantage for halal tourism is that Muslims make Islamic teachings the foundation of social and community resilience in the face of disasters.

The research findings also provide the knowledge to the tourism planners and academicians in overcoming the crises and disasters.

This paper provides a crisis and disaster management framework with additional decision-making concepts using a maqasid matrix.

清真旅游的危机和灾难管理：系统评价

本研究旨在通过提出基于伊斯兰教义的危机和灾难管理框架, 为清真旅游业做出主要贡献。

为开发该框架, 使用了扎根的理论步骤作为分析框架, 通过跟踪2000年至2020年的论文进行了系统的审查。第一步是通过收集提取的概念和类别进行公开编码。此外, 还进行了轴向编码以连接类别之间。对所有已识别的类别进行了选择性编码, 然后将它们集成以开发框架。获得的结果是3种选择的编码, 8种轴向编码和55种开放编码

结果表明, 伊斯兰教给危机和灾难带来了很多原理, 行为对策和心理对策。但是, 在现代危机和灾难管理概念中并没有整齐地安排它。此外, 清真旅游的优势在于, 穆斯林在面对灾难时使伊斯兰教义成为社会和社区复原力的基础。

本文提供了一个危机与灾难管理框架, 并使用了混乱矩阵来制定其他决策概念。

研究成果还为旅游业计划者和院士提供了克服危机和灾难的知识。

Gestión de crisis y desastres para el turismo hala: una revisión sistemática

esta investigación tuvo como objetivo proporcionar una contribución principal a la industria del turismo halal al presentar un marco de gestión de crisis y desastres basado en las enseñanzas islámicas.

para desarrollar el marco, se realizó una revisión sistemática utilizando el paso de la teoría fundamentada como marco analítico a través de artículos de seguimiento de 2000 a 2020. El primer paso fue realizar una codificación abierta mediante la recopilación de conceptos y categorías extraídos. Además, se llevó a cabo una codificación axial para conectar entre las categorías. Se realizó una codificación selectiva para todas las categorías identificadas y luego se integraron para desarrollar un marco. Los resultados obtenidos son 3 codificaciones seleccionadas, 8 codificaciones axiales y 55 codificaciones abiertas

el resultado indica que el Islam enseña muchos principios, respuestas de comportamiento y respuestas psicológicas a crisis y desastres. Sin embargo, no está ordenado en un concepto moderno de gestión de crisis y desastres. Además, la ventaja del turismo halal es que los musulmanes hacen de las enseñanzas islámicas la base de la resiliencia social y comunitaria frente a los desastres.

este documento proporciona un marco de gestión de crisis y desastres con conceptos adicionales para la toma de decisiones utilizando una matriz maqasid.

los resultados de la investigación también proporcionan el conocimiento a los planificadores turísticos y académicos para superar las crisis y los desastres.

Muslim tourists participating in halal tourism activities represent a valuable niche market for global tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to clarify the concepts of halal tourism and Islamic tourism and to draw attention to some conceptual and practical challenges in the halal tourism industry.

The paper is based on a critical assessment of the literature in this field. To differentiate the concepts and to discuss practical and conceptual challenges, the authors found some references by reviewing the existing definitions in related literature and the primary source of the concepts which is Holy Book of Islam, Quran.

The terms “intention” and “Islamic motivation” can be used to differentiate Islamic tourism and halal tourism. The authors suggest calling hotels that provide good and services in halal tourism industry as “halal hotels” and tourists as “Muslim tourists”. One of the leading practical challenges in halal tourism is having lack of halal standards, especially for hotels. As the way Muslims understand and adapt their lives to Islam is quite different, which means this market is not homogenous, the authors suggest that halal hotels should be scaled through different qualifications in different countries.

This study is based on literature review, and it lacks primary research.

Current paper stresses the need for consistent use of Islamic-related tourism terms in industry. Hotel companies should have halal certifications that will provide assurance to customers. It is highly important for hotel companies to inform their target guests about the location of hotel before arriving at hotel. This is because halal hotels and other hotels are usually located in resort destination, especially in Turkey.

This paper is one of the leading papers that differentiates Islamic tourism and halal tourism concepts. It also provides several conceptual and practical issues in halal tourism industry.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the expectations of hotel guests regarding the halal standards in the hotels where they stay. Besides, the determination of differences in demographic characteristics of the participants is among the objectives of the research. Thus, taking into consideration the halal standard expectations of the participants, the results that will support the applications of accommodation establishments have been attempted to be figured out.

Quantitative research methods were used in this research. Owing to the lack of a specific scale in the related literature, the questionnaire used in the study was created as a result of pilot tests conducted with the expressions mentioned in the theoretical studies. In a sense, this research provides a basis for the development of a scale that was not available in this area. Analysis methods were decided by considering the preconditions for parametric test techniques.

Islamic lifestyle is specified as the most common reason for choosing halal concept hotels. Additionally, there are some other outstanding reasons like halal food, safer holiday etc. Watching TV during the holidays is the least important reason to spend time. It has been determined that the attitude toward halal tourism changes according to gender and women’s attitude toward tourism is more positive than men’s. In addition to this, it is found out that the attitude of halal tourism differs by age for males, while it differs by educational status for women. It is ensured that potential entrepreneurs can achieve significant economic gains by attracting investors’ attention to this market. Besides, the possibility of meeting the holiday needs of the masses with religious sensitivities within the country is revealed by halal tourism. The emergence of sufficient tourism facilities will show that this group will be respected and valued. Hence, this will also contribute positively to social tolerance.

Halal tourism is an issue for almost all tourism (accommodation, eating, recreation, transportation) businesses. However, this dissertation focused on accommodation establishments and other tourism enterprises were excluded from the scope of the study.

It is believed that this study is authentic in the way it offers a universal halal tourism model for the hospitality industry as well as the comprehensive literature review that it is built on. Thus, it is expected to have a significant impact on both practical and theoretical knowledge.

This study is unique in terms of increasing the satisfaction of the people demanding the halal concept accommodation establishments can apply halal tourism and offering a standardization proposal for that. It is thought that this research is original and that it is important for both the practice field and the theoretical field to provide a standardization which can be applied in accommodation establishments.

The current research work investigates the concept of halal tourism through research articles published during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of what halal tourism means, while traveling following the Islamic law. This study also contributes to the discussion on its definition and the shared understanding, as it is extremely important toward the sustainable development of this niche tourism section.

A systematic literature review of total 47 number of existing literature, extracted from two major databases, namely, Scopus and Web of Science, was conducted. For data collection, the time frame from January 2020 to January 2023 was chosen, which represents the pandemic times during which those articles were published.

Although being a growing segment, halal tourism is still at a nascent stage in business research. It is potentially an attractive and niche segment of tourism. Current research work highlights the major contents related to halal tourism, dominant theories used in literature, publishing authors, journals and research gaps for further research. In this line, future research directions are also proposed toward the end of this paper.

This study highlights the conceptual development and discusses the opportunities and implementation of halal tourism in post-pandemic world. Current research work presents interesting contextual data and presents insightful knowledge in a new context. This paper offers a systematic analysis and provides both an academic as well as the managerial implications.

The purpose of this paper is to build a better understanding of the concept of Halal tourism as expressed by Muslim Jordanian tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law. The study also examines Jordan as a Halal tourism destination as perceived by those tourists. Implications of marketing Jordan as a Halal tourism destination are among the research questions.

The paper is empirical and quantitative in nature with a survey type. The sample of the study is Muslim Jordanians in the cities of Amman and Irbid. Respondents were chosen randomly in shopping malls, gardens and public places. A self-completion questionnaire was administered to collect the data for the research and 920 questionnaires were returned. The data were analysed using descriptive and reliability and explanatory factor analysis in addition to certain tests such as one sample t test and two samples chi-square tests.

Halal tourism in Jordan is established but needs more enhancements and promotion. Jordan was evaluated positively in 14 Halal services and was unsuccessful in ten others. The motives for Jordanian Muslim tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law, to travel to Halal destinations were destinations that offer Halal-friendly services; to know Islamic religious sites; and to learn about Islamic history. Jordanian tourists were knowledgeable of local and international Halal destinations (78.2 and 67%, respectively). More than half of the sample experienced Halal destinations in Jordan and only 26.4% abroad. From a marketing point of view, the results of this study reveal good awareness of potential Jordanian tourists towards Halal tourism and Halal services. The study revealed that Jordanian Muslim tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law showed significant positive motives to travel Halal tourism destinations. In addition, the study showed statistically significant knowledge and experiences in local Halal destinations, but not in foreign Halal destinations.

The lack of research on Halal tourism in Jordan gives limited in-depth discussion. In addition, the study sample was chosen from two major cities in Jordan; therefore, further research is needed to include a representative sample of the whole country.

The paper includes marketing implications on Halal tourism in Jordan. The authors suggest marketing strategies should be launched to emphasise the importance of Halal tourism and marketing Jordan as Halal tourism destination. The recommendations of this study provide positive and negative results on Jordan as a Halal tourism destination. The negative evaluation of Jordan in terms of Halal services should be redressed by the Jordanian Government and the Jordanian private tourism and hospitality sectors to build a positive image of Jordan as a potential competitive Halal destination for Muslim tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law.

The paper is among the first of its kind, which empirically examined the motives of Jordanian Muslims who want to comply with the Islamic law to travel to Halal tourism destinations as well as evaluating Jordan as a Halal tourism destination. This study fills the gap in literature about Halal tourism in Jordan and presents Halal tourism as one of the alternative forms of tourism of high potential for Jordan to compete in this market segment.

This study aims to identify whether halal tourism, as advocated by Mastercard-Crescent Rating guidelines on halal tourism can be considered as supporting sustainable tourism.

Three Mastercard-CrescentRating 2019 Reports which are Global Muslim Travel Index, Indonesia Muslim Travel Index and Halal Travel Frontier were evaluated using a qualitative method supports by NVivo software to analyze text and images. Eight indicators (number of tourists, main motivations, main values, interaction with the community, interaction with the environment, most possible destinations, infrastructure and visitor monitorings) are used to classify halal tourism items into mass tourism (traditional, experiential and sensational) and non-mass (alternative) tourism. The qualitative analysis is supported by correlation analysis of GMTI scores with environmental performance index and the global sustainable competitiveness index scores.

The results showed that halal tourism has unique characters compared with mass and non-mass tourism types. However, halal tourism advocated by CrescentRating unlikely shows similarity with non-mass tourism. It tends to be traditional mass tourism, especially on the perspective of the type of activity, interactions with the environment and local communities, as well as the main values.

Previous research suggested the needs of halal tourism and its relations to sustainability. This research fills the gap by showing the halal tourism, in the perspective of Mastercard-CrescentRating is not prioritized toward sustainable tourism by qualitative and quantitative evidences. This study contributes to the knowledge of sustainability from Islamic perspectives and practices and provides a way to the theory of Islamic sustainable tourism. It also suggests improvements to halal tourism guidelines such as the transparency and guarantees that the profit will be used for social welfare, promotion of sustainability using Qur’anic verses and promotion on environmental and social empowerment activities.

The research aims to classify halal hotels based on Islamic values as embodied in both physical and non-physical attributes.

This study explores the perceived values of business owners of the halal hotels.

Perceptions of hotel owners are divided into three types: those who view the value of halal hotel only in terms of branding and attracting consumers; those who consider the ideology behind halal hotels based on strong Islamic values; and those who avoid halal branding but implement Islamic values in their hotels. For the hotel industry, halal certification is not a priority because a minimum effort at implementing halal standards can already attract Muslim customers. This case is especially true for countries where Muslims make up the majority of the population.

This study was limited to a case study in Bandung and Bangkok as a representative of halal tourism in Asia. Hence, it could be extended by conducting comparative studies with other cities in Association of South East Asian Nation which already declare to develop halal tourism.

The findings of this research show that there is a large variety of halal hotel products, depending on the Islamic values upheld, which is causing difficulties for the government in creating standards. Then the result can help inform the government in establishing the strategic framework of halal tourism development, more particularly in the formulation of policy for industrial actors.

The findings contribute to the concept of product-centered business, in which it is generally assumed that industrial actors are frequently focused on the mere label of “halal” and ignore the true values. However, the research shows that some industrial actors put Islamic values first instead of the mere halal label, and another case shows that some of them implement Islamic values in their business but avoid halal branding. This empirical evidence shows that in halal hotels, the concept of product-centered is not always proper. The quality of halal hotel products depends on the Islamic value of the owner, not always influenced by business imperatives.

Hedonic behavior is a well-known phenomenon for tourism activities by the nature of tourism itself. However, there is a possible conflict between the structure of halal tourism and hedonic behavior. This paper aims to investigate the hedonic perception levels of halal-sensitive tourists (HSTs) while questioning their travel motivations.

According to the aim of this study, quantitative approach has been adopted via data gathering within World Halal Summit. A total of 1,123 surveys were gathered face to face from participants. Factor analysis applied to confirm validity of the data set while also running Cronbach alpha test through all dimensions. Also, frequency and mean analyses were applied in addition to t-test for comparing tests.

Results briefly show that HSTs have an average level of perception of hedonism. They also travel once or twice a year for religious, social or environmental reasons which supports the finding about their hedonism perception.

The research is also important in the applied field, especially in terms of decision-makers and supply determinants in destination management. Because if it is determined that the HSTs exhibit a utilitarian consumption, it has a guiding feature for the decision-makers to prefer halal tourism in terms of environmental management in the destination. In terms of the economic sustainability of the research destination or businesses, it also serves as a guide for the supply determinants in their investment activities.

This research is considerably important in terms of putting the HST typology on a conceptual basis in the theoretical field. In the research, it is tested whether the HSTs are hedonic consumers; in other words, whether they comply with the Islamic religious prohibitions. The tendency of HSTs to comply with the prohibitions reveals that they are utilitarian consumers, while halal tourism is a responsible tourism that cares about sustainability.