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The overall purpose of this study is to identify key entrepreneurial variables in the realm of social entrepreneurship that may contribute to enhancing impact mitigation of HIV/AIDS. In addition, the study seeks to establish which of the correlations between the entrepreneurial variables and management of response of impact mitigation of HIV/AIDS were significant at the 0.001 level.

The study adopted a cross‐sectional survey design. The analysis engaged a correlational qualitative research approach so as to enable the researcher determine whether the correlation between entrepreneurial management initiatives and the management of the response on the impact of HIV/AIDS in the education sector was statistically significant.

The result of the correlation analysis showed that organizational boundaries, work discretion, rewards management support and time availability explain about 53 per cent of the aspects of management response to HIV/AIDS impact mitigation. The correlations were statistically significant at the 0.001 level. The implication is that introduction of entrepreneurship within institutions dealing with HIV/AIDS in the education sector would lead to improved mitigation of the impact of the scourge on the sector.

The study considers one thematic area in the HIV/AIDS mitigation process, that is management of the response, leaving three other thematic areas, namely: care and support, prevention as well as HIV/AIDS and the workplace. The generalization of the study's results will therefore be limited.

The study established that administrative management practices are not effective in the management response to impact mitigation of HIV/AIDS in the education sector. It therefore proposes innovative, approaches to the mitigation effort. This in turn calls for a dramatic shift in management that entails the extension of market principles into social institutions, government and civil society and an inevitable blurring of the boundaries between these sectors.

The purpose of the paper is to provide recommendations for medium- and large-sized workplaces on how to support HIV-positive employees. Supporting HIV-positive workers is an issue of social responsibility and an economic necessity for employers. HIV-positive workers can remain productive and healthy for many years if able to access appropriate HIV management support.

Recent (2000-2010) academic and grey literature on HIV workplace management was reviewed and a qualitative study of nine workers receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Zimbabwe was conducted by the authors. Results from both the literature review and qualitative study were used to develop recommendations.

Carefully considered organizational support is of primary importance in the following areas: workplace HIV policy, voluntary testing and counselling, HIV management, HIV treatment uptake and adherence, day-to-day assistance, peer education, nutrition support, opportunistic infection (OI) monitoring and support to temporary/contract workers. Confidentiality is a key element in achieving positive outcomes in all areas of organizational support for HIV-positive workers.

The paper provides a source of information and concrete advice for workplaces seeking to implement or augment HIV management and support services for their employees. The paper offers vital insight into workplace intervention strategies shown work best for workplaces and employees.

The paper fills a need for comprehensive documentation of strategies for effective HIV management at medium- and large-sized workplaces.

The purpose of this paper is to explore opinions of health workers on priorities and challenges of the HIV/AIDS commodities management system in Abuja, Nigeria. The results from this research are to inform future guideline revisions on the management of these commodities, in order to produce the most efficient and cost‐effective approach.

A qualitative research was conducted from a social constructionist perspective. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 12 health workers, comprising pharmacists, laboratory scientists and logisticians involved in HIV/AIDS commodity management in Abuja, Nigeria. Views and experiences of these workers were explored on HIV/AIDS commodity management through in‐depth interviews, to ascertain challenges of the current system and needed interventions. The data were subjected to thematic content analysis.

Results of the study include the need for coordinated and integrated health commodity management system, sustainable human resource and infrastructure development and an effective data management system to address current challenges.

The data collection approach did not provide an opportunity for idea exchange and review in a focused group and the number of respondents was limited to 12 due to time constraints. However, the respondents were experts in the field.

Government needs to commit financial resources to support of the health supply chain to ensure sustainability beyond donor support. Donors should change their strategy of “quick fix” approach to health supply chain challenges, as these often result in Government laxity in addressing public health needs.

The paper provides insight into areas on which the Government of Nigeria should focus attention in health supply chain strategy, which is currently perceived as not coordinated.

Effective communication is a key factor in presenting Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) awareness and prevention campaigns, and delivering treatment programmes, particularly in South Africa where different ethnic groups and a diversity of languages and educational attainment levels are encountered. Language is an important element of such communication. The purpose of this paper is to examine the communication effectiveness of AIDS-related intervention messages.

Case-based semi-structured interviews, with 42 employees from three construction organisations, and with six telephone counsellors from a service provider, were used to explore language in the HIV/AIDS context in the construction industry in the Western Cape region.

Workers’ knowledge about HIV (a key element in prevention and willingness to engage in treatment regimes) tended to align with their level of education. African cultures may inhibit the use of plain language about AIDS. Graphic posters with text in different languages were the most preferred communication media, but need periodic refreshment to remain effective. For toolbox talks and other company presentations, a comprehensive approach to language differences is limited, and appropriate confirmatory feedback loops are not used – the message sent is not always the message received. The recruitment and training processes for service provider counsellors ensure a more comprehensive grasp of HIV knowledge and a more consistent approach to communication.

Construction organisations should be more careful in their HIV/AIDS campaigns and programmes, ensure better targeting of audiences and pay more nuanced and sensitive attention to language needs, gender differences and cultural contexts with respect to communicating with workers in ways that engage them more fully about HIV/AIDS, stigma and disclosure.

Communication effectiveness is pivotal in the provision of intervention management by construction firms. Ineffective language and communication processes directly and adversely influence HIV/AIDS intervention management success.

The paper aims is to investigate human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and human resources (HR) management in Thai business organizations listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). The first such survey was reported on in 1998.

Data were collected through questionnaires mailed twice to 534 HR managers, yielding 211 usable responses (39.5 per cent).

Findings of both surveys were compared to identify changes. HIV/AIDS is not perceived to be a serious problem by Thai business organizations, and their executives do not view HIV/AIDS as an important workplace issue. This reflects an improvement since 1998. HR management has also improved. These improvements are due, in part, to national policies driven by Thai public institutions more than a decade ago. While there are improvements, there is still room for improvement. Many Thai business organizations still do not prepare themselves, policy‐wise, to deal with HIV/AIDS systematically.

The data were based on the perceptions of HR managers; SET organizations are leading business organizations in Thailand, but most businesses are small to medium‐sized; as HIV/AIDS is a sensitive issue. The real number of HIV/AIDS cases may not be accurate; while the two surveys included the same population, there is no way to know whether the same companies responded, so differences may not be real; and the number of companies in the food and beverage industry is under‐represented as respondents.

The paper may be useful to business companies, especially Thai; government agencies; and non‐government agencies by understanding their critical roles in curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS.

The paper findings may help businesses understand the HIV/AIDS situation in Thailand and their critical role in curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS and lessening the difficulties that HIV/AIDS people face. They may also help government, public, and private HIV/AIDS‐prevention advocates to find ways to work together with business companies to strengthen and maintain HIV/AIDS policies and practices that can help control HIV/AIDS as Thailand has done in the recent past.

The mining sector represents a significant portion of the South African economy. The recent announcement of the proposed black empowerment bill for the mining sector caused share prices to plummet. This reaction, in turn, caused a marked devaluation of the rand against other major currencies. Anything that impacts negatively on the mining sector will therefore have an adverse effect on the South African economy. This paper considers the affect that HIV/AIDS will have on the mining sector and, by implication, on the South African economy. Consideration is given to whether mining companies manage this risk properly and whether it is reasonably accounted for and disclosed in the financial statements. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations made regarding HIV/AIDS risk management and how HIV/AIDS issues can be disclosed fairly. Although the management teams of mining companies have introduced a HIV/AIDS risk‐management process and have commenced the disclosure of HIV/AIDS information, the disclosure is still far from adequate.

This paper investigates, through the use of data mining techniques, patterns in HIV/AIDS patient data. These patterns can be used for better management of the disease and more appropriate targeting of resources.

A total of 250,000 anonymised records from HIV/AIDS patients in Thailand were imported into a database. IBM's Intelligent Miner was used for clustering and association rule discovery.

Clustering highlighted groups of patients with common characteristics and also errors in data. Association rules identified associations that were not expected in the data and were different from traditional reporting mechanisms utilised by medical practitioners. It also allowed the identification of symptoms that co‐exist or are precursors of other symptoms.

Identification of symptoms that are precursors of other symptoms can allow the targeting of the former so that the later symptoms can be avoided. This study shows that providing a pragmatic and targeted approach to the management of resources available for HIV/AIDS treatment can provide a much better service, while at the same time reducing the expense of that service. This study can also be used as a means of implementing a quality monitoring system to target available resources.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss Asian hospitality and catering (H&C) human resource managers' (HRMs') perceptions of employing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected applicants and examines the treatment of HIV‐infected employees in their workplaces.

Primary data are collected from 32 English speaking Asian hospitality managers who responded to a postal questionnaire; 12 of them agree to participate in follow‐up telephone interviews. Transformed raw data are analysed using both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods.

Although Asian H&C HRMs are sympathetic to the plight of HIV‐infected people, they maintaine that hiring HIV‐infected employees incurs increased operating costs. This generally unsubstantiated claim appears to be linked to lack of understanding of the difference between HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. HRMs do not appear to perceive or comprehend any benefits to be generated from hiring HIV‐infected employees.

The sensitive nature of the topic, exacerbated by the Asian cultural dimension, generates only 32 respondents and, therefore, impacts on the external validity of the study.

Asian H&C HRMs are advised to implement the recommendations and guidelines in this paper to avoid lawsuits that can arise as a result of unfair employment or treatment of HIV‐infected applicants and employees.

This exploratory study provides a platform for the discussion of some sensitive HIV‐related issues in an Asian context. It also supplements the sparse literature addressing the contribution of HIV to the discrimination and stigmatisation of hospitality applicants and employees in their workplaces.

Impact mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa on HIV/AIDS in the education sector involved initially the development of education sector policies. This study traces the policy development initiatives, level of implementation, progress made and existing challenges. The study is based on a close (textual) reading of authoritative literature from United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), World Bank, UNESCO and UNICEF for the last decade on global monitoring of HIV/AIDS and statistical data. Studies on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector in sub-Saharan Africa have been brought into focus and themes have been extracted and synthesised from a comparative perspective to guide the development of this chapter. Across the countries, the education sector HIV/AIDS policies had concurrence with the countries’ national HIV and AIDS policy or guidelines, and conformed to international conventions, national laws, policies, guidelines and regulations. Most of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa showed a significant decline in HIV prevalence among young women or men and opportunities to improve HIV-prevention knowledge and behaviour still abound. Antiretroviral therapy and other types of treatment have expanded since the early 2000s, but the number of AIDS-related deaths remains high. This chapter fulfils an identified information/resources need and amplifies the progress achieved in the mitigation of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector specifically and humanity in general.

This exploratory study aims to determine Asian hospitality managers' (AHMs') perceptions of HIV education in their workplaces and their knowledge of HIV.

A mixed‐methodology research design gathered quantitative data from 32 English‐speaking AHMs, selected using probability and non‐probability sampling techniques, through a postal questionnaire. In addition, 12 of them agreed to participate in follow‐up telephone interviews to further investigate this research topic. Transformed raw data were analysed using both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods.

AHMs supported HIV education with a strong understanding of the transmission and treatment of HIV. In addition, they revealed an acceptable level of knowledge regarding its effects on individuals and societies. However, their understanding of its nature, extent and general effects was weak. Based on the imperfection of AHMs' HIV knowledge, they appear to be disseminating incorrect information to their peers and subordinates.

The external validity of the study is affected due to its sensitive nature to generate quantitative data based on 32 respondents.

The development and implementation of workplace education and training programmes required immediate consideration to eradicate misunderstandings regarding the acquisition, transmission and development of HIV.

The exploratory study supplemented the sparse literature addressing HIV knowledge of AHMs and the need of HIV education for hospitality employers and employees in their workplaces to curb the spread of HIV.