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1 – 10 of 11Amir Reza Mogharrebi, Ali Reza D. Ganji, Khashayar Hosseinzadeh, So Roghani, Armin Asadi and Amin Fazlollahtabar
The purpose of the study is to indicate a three-dimensional convective heat transfer properties evaluation of magnetohydrodynamics nanofluid flow, comprising motile oxytactic…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to indicate a three-dimensional convective heat transfer properties evaluation of magnetohydrodynamics nanofluid flow, comprising motile oxytactic microorganisms and nanoparticles, passing through a rotating cone.
Design/methodology/approach
The imposed technique for solving the governing equations is the RungeāKutta fifth-order method. The main point of this survey is to diagnosis the influence of diverse factors on velocity, temperature distributions and concentration profile. Furthermore, appending the magnetic field, thermal radiation and viscous dissipation in calculations; also, simultaneous involvement of heat absorption and excretion has been represented as novelties.
Findings
The results elucidate that by changing the Peclet number from 1 to 2, the dimensionless concentration of the microorganisms has been diminished by about 34.37%. In addition, variation of the magnetic parameter from 0 to 1 has been resulted in reducing the temperature distribution by about 3.11%.
Originality/value
Recently, attention has been absorbed to adding the motile microorganisms to nanofluid for enhancement of heat transfer and avoiding aggregation of particles. In this regard, the hydrothermal flow of microorganisms has been investigated in this study.
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Kh. Hosseinzadeh, Elham Montazer, Mohammad Behshad Shafii and D.D. Ganji
The purpose of this paper is to investigate natural convection in a porous wavy-walled enclosure that is including a cylinder cavity in the middle of it and filled with a hybrid…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate natural convection in a porous wavy-walled enclosure that is including a cylinder cavity in the middle of it and filled with a hybrid nanofluid contains 1-Butanol as the base fluid and MoS2āFe3O4 hybrid nanoparticles.
Design/methodology/approach
The domain of interest is bounded by constant temperature horizontal corrugated surfaces and isothermal vertical flat surfaces. The numerical outputs are explained in the type of isotherms, streamline and average Nusselt number with variations of the Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, nanoparticle shape factor and porosity of the porous medium. For solving the governing equations, the finite element method has been used.
Findings
The results show that Nuave is proportional to Rayleigh and nanoparticle shape factor directly as well as it has an inverse relation with Hartmann and porosity. The obtained results reveal that the shape factor parameter has a significant effect on the heat transfer performance, which shows a 55.44% contribution on the average Nusselt number.
Originality/value
As a novelty, to maximize the heat transfer performance in a corrugated walls enclosure, the optimal parameters have intended by using the response surface and Taguchi methods. Additionally, an accurate correlation for the average Nusselt number is developed with sensibly great precision.
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Kh. Hosseinzadeh, So Roghani, A. Asadi, Amirreza Mogharrebi and D.D. Ganji
The purpose of this paper is to investigate micropolar magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) fluid flow passing over a vertical plate. Three different base fluids have been used that include…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate micropolar magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) fluid flow passing over a vertical plate. Three different base fluids have been used that include water, ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol/water (50%ā50%). Also, a nanoparticle was used in all of the base fluids. The effects of natural convection heat transfer and magnetic field have been taken into account.
Design/methodology/approach
The main purpose of solving the governing equations is to scrutinize the effects of the magnetic parameter, the nanoparticle volume fraction, micropolar parameter and nanoparticles shape factor on velocity, temperature and microrotation profiles, the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number. These surveys have been considered for three base fluids simultaneously.
Findings
The results indicate that for water-based fluids, the temperature profile of lamina-shaped nanoparticles is 38.09% higher than brick-shaped nanoparticles.
Originality/value
This paper provides micropolar MHD fluid flow analysis considering natural convection heat transfer and magnetic field in three different base fluids. The aim of assessments is the diagnosis of some parameter effects, such as magnetic parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction, on velocity, temperature and microrotation profiles and components. Also, the use of mixed base fluids presented as a novelty in this paper.
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S.S. Ghadikolaei, Kh. Hosseinzadeh and D.D. Ganji
The purpose of this study is, mixed convection on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of EyringāPowell nanofluid over a stretching cylindrical surface in the presence of thermal…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is, mixed convection on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of EyringāPowell nanofluid over a stretching cylindrical surface in the presence of thermal radiation, chemical reaction, heat generation and Joule heating effect is investigated and analyzed. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis phenomenon are used to model nanoparticles (Buongiornoās model).
Design/methodology/approach
The numerical method is applied to solve the governing equations. Obtained results from the effects of different parameters changes on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are reported as diagrams.
Findings
As a result, velocity profile has been reduced by increasing the Hartman number (magnetic field parameter) because of the existence of Lorentz force and increasing EyringāPowell fluid parameter. In addition, the nanoparticle concentration profile has been reduced because of increase in chemical reaction parameter. At the end, the effects of different parameters on skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are investigated.
Originality/value
EyringāPowell nanofluid and MHD have significant influence on flow profile.
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Edgardo Sica, Hazar Altınbaş and Gaetano Gabriele Marini
Public debt forecasts represent a key policy issue. Many methodologies have been employed to predict debt sustainability, including dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models…
Abstract
Purpose
Public debt forecasts represent a key policy issue. Many methodologies have been employed to predict debt sustainability, including dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, the stock flow consistent method, the structural vector autoregressive model and, more recently, the neuro-fuzzy method. Despite their widespread application in the empirical literature, all of these approaches exhibit shortcomings that limit their utility. The present research adopts a different approach to public debt forecasts, that is, the random forest, an ensemble of machine learning.
Design/methodology/approach
Using quarterly observations over the period 2000ā2021, the present research tests the reliability of the random forest technique for forecasting the Italian public debt.
Findings
The results show the large predictive power of this method to forecast debt-to-GDP fluctuations, with no need to model the underlying structure of the economy.
Originality/value
Compared to other methodologies, the random forest method has a predictive capacity that is granted by the algorithm itself. The use of repeated learning, training and validation stages provides well-defined parameters that are not conditional to strong theoretical restrictions This allows to overcome the shortcomings arising from the traditional techniques which are generally adopted in the empirical literature to forecast public debt.
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Afees Salisu and Douglason Godwin Omotor
This study forecasts the government expenditure components in Nigeria, including recurrent and capital expenditures for 2021 and 2022, based on data from 1981 to 2020.
Abstract
Purpose
This study forecasts the government expenditure components in Nigeria, including recurrent and capital expenditures for 2021 and 2022, based on data from 1981 to 2020.
Design/methodology/approach
The study employs statistical/econometric problems using the Feasible Quasi Generalized Least Squares approach. Expenditure forecasts involve three simulation scenarios: (1) do nothing where the economy follows its natural path; (2) an optimistic scenario, where the economy grows by specific percentages and (3) a pessimistic scenario that defines specific economic contractions.
Findings
The estimation model is informed by Wagner's law specifying a positive link between economic activities and public spending. Model estimation affirms the expected positive relationship and is relevant for generating forecasts. The out-of-sample results show that a higher proportion of the total government expenditure (7.6% in 2021 and 15.6% in 2022) is required to achieve a predefined growth target (5%).
Originality/value
This study offers empirical evidence that specifically requires Nigeria to invest a ratio of 3 to 1 or more in capital expenditure to recurrent expenditure for the economy to be guided on growth.
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Filip Pertold and Lenka Lakotova
In this paper, the authors analyse a 2010 legal reform in the Czech Republic, which allowed retirees to simultaneously receive regular pension benefits and to work on a permanent…
Abstract
Purpose
In this paper, the authors analyse a 2010 legal reform in the Czech Republic, which allowed retirees to simultaneously receive regular pension benefits and to work on a permanent contract for a period longer than one year. Previously, concurrence of employment and receipt of retirement benefits were only allowed in conjunction with a temporary work contract with a maximum duration of one year.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors employ the difference-in-differences method. The authors include only males in the analysis because it is not possible to identify the legal retirement age for women from available data. Men in the workforce 1ā3 years prior to the statutory retirement age are in a control group, while men 1ā3 years older are in a treatment group.
Findings
The authors show that the reform significantly increased the share of permanent contracts held by retirees (by 22.5ā27.6 percentage points), though we do not find any aggregate short-term change in employment of retirees. Heterogeneity analysis shows a significant increase in the employment of retirees with only elementary school education (by 17.9 percentage points) and a significant decrease in the number of hours worked by retirees (by 2.5 h weekly for low-educated workers).
Practical implications
The policy conclusion is that the regulation of employment contract does not affect aggregate employment, but may improve employment of low skilled workers.
Originality/value
To the authorsā best knowledge, there are no studies directly analysing motivation of retirees by types of employment contracts. The authors, thus, add to the literature that studies dealing with the general fixed-term versus permanent contracts (Engellandt and Riphahn, 2003) and motivation to work.
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Yun‐hui Mo and De‐hua Tao
The purpose of the paper is to study a new type of lubrication additive with NanoāTin, and to analyze the tribological performance of the friction coatings that are formed by the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to study a new type of lubrication additive with NanoāTin, and to analyze the tribological performance of the friction coatings that are formed by the lubricants.
Design/methodology/approach
The Tinābase additives were prepared and activated, friction testing was performed on an improved type MSā800 fourāball tester, and the nanometer additives with different contents of Tin were used as lubricants in steelācopper triboāpair. The surface elements of friction coatings were investigated with Auger electron spectrum, and the thickness and element distribution of the coating were measured with scanning electron microscope.
Findings
The ultraāthick friction coating (10ā20āĪ¼m) with abundant Tin was carried out and combined well with the surface of the copper sample when lubricated with oil containing this additive. The coating exhibited excellent antiāwear and frictionāreducing capacities.
Research limitations/implications
The anticorrosion properties have not been estimated.
Practical implications
A useful NanoāTin base lubricating oil additive is prepared and the activate method is explored. It may provide the potential lubricating oil additive for steelācopper triboāpair, such as steel wormācopper worm wheel transmission.
Originality/value
This paper provides a NanoāTin baseāactivated additive which, when used in lubricating oil, can form an ultraāthick friction coating. It has the same selfārepairing properties as a steelācopper triboāpair.
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Presents the comparative surface roughness measurement data from a paper on the wear of filled PTFE lip seals in contact with a variety of different surfaces, as reported in a…
Abstract
Presents the comparative surface roughness measurement data from a paper on the wear of filled PTFE lip seals in contact with a variety of different surfaces, as reported in a paper from the University of Stuttgart Institute of Machine Elements.
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This paper aims to provide details of commercially available domestic robots and recent product developments and consider whether a significant boost in the robot population is…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to provide details of commercially available domestic robots and recent product developments and consider whether a significant boost in the robot population is imminent.
Design/methodology/approach
Following a short introduction, this paper first provides a brief overview of existing domestic robots and identifies recent product trends. It then discusses some newer product developments which extend the capabilities of domestic robots. This is followed by a consideration of the many recently launched companion robots, and the paper concludes with a discussion of the likely impact on the domestic robot market.
Findings
This paper shows that domestic robots have benefited from developments in artificial intelligence, sensor technology and connectivity, which have led to greater versatility and enhanced ease of use. Several new product developments are extending the range of functions conducted by domestic robots. Many small, mobile companion/social robots have recently been developed which interact with humans by speech and vision and conduct functions such as entertainment, the control of household appliances and security.
Originality/value
This paper provides an insight into the wide range of domestic robots which are available or under development and considers their commercial prospects.
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