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Power electronics used in consumer product assemblies require thermal management. Several current products rely on ‘printed wiring’ designs. These have copper patterns separated from a metal substrate by a performance dielectric. The acceptance of this design concept ensures the availability of insulated metal substrates (IMS) for these applications. Available design guides do not describe the design constraints forced on these assembly designs by the physical characteristics of the materials in use. The following three design issues are discussed in this paper: — Dielectric strength testing does not relate to the proof stress testing required for product agency approval. — There is a special case for conformal coating or the use of potting compounds when IMS assemblies are used. — The choice of the metal substrate is based on quantity, thermal coefficient of expansion and thermal conductivity, often in that order.

Dr Nihal Sinnadurai has taken up his new post as Professor of Electronics Technology at Middlesex University and head of its Microelectronics Centre.

A surface‐mount in‐line light emitting diode (LED) array was developed for mounting an LED dot matrix display on a single‐sided insulated metal substrate (IMS). This LED array has heat dissipating cathode leads and an anode lead that works as a jumper wire. Good heat dissipation of the LED array was obtained on an aluminium IMS.

A wire matrix has been developed for mounting LED dot matrix displays whereby insulated wires are ‘woven’ to produce a matrix that is fixed on an aluminium board with epoxy adhesive. This monolayer woven wire board simplifies the fabrication process of the display board while at the same time showing more than double the heat dissipation of conventional insulated aluminium printed circuit boards and five times that of conventional glass epoxy printed circuit boards when mounted with bare LED chips. In addition, it is suitable for high‐density and high‐brightness LED dot matrix displays.

During the first half of this year the Association has continued to expand its exhibition programme by increasing its presence at overseas shows. Two DTI sponsored joint venture groups have been formed, one to Nepcon West, the other to Nepcon Beijing. Anaheim saw the biggest UK group for over 10 years, with CEMA taking three separate blocks in different sectors of the show. There is no doubt from the reception we received that CEMA is now firmly established at Nepcon West. We enjoyed tremendous support from both the British Consulate and the British‐American Chamber of Commerce with their President making several visits to the CEMA booth.

The purpose of this paper is to cover some aspects about the disposal and regulatory standard around the world toward hospital effluent discharge, its managements and treatment technologies that are adopted and best suitable nowadays.

Due to large and variety of antibiotics available in the market nowadays it is difficult to control its use, thereby risking the whole ecosystem and its components. The regulation pattern is variable depending upon the various factors in different countries. The permissible limit of these emerging pollutants found in sewage as compared to in hospital effluent streams having active pharmaceutical ingredients is very narrow and is a debatable issue.

The disparity in the available legislation for hospital waste management in different countries makes it difficult to compare pro’s and con’s of methods adopted. Strict laws need to be framed for hospital wastewater management and its treatment, as it contains harmful compounds in higher concentrations resulting in development of resistant genes. The guideline applicable nowadays makes it clear that, specific management guidelines with respect to HWW, but also indicate certain characteristics that can be represented to specify their nature and indicator.

Determination of effluent characteristic for each specialized treatment need to be analyzed for meeting the framed regulatory standards. Up-gradation of existing treatment facilities, adopting new technologies and improving operation, maintained is a viable option. As there are no specific treatment schemes available hence combination and optimization of treatment methods may solve the problem to certain extent.

There is some flexibility also there so that law framework can be modified accordingly. For any health facilities direct discharges into natural water bodies it effluent need to follow national discharge standards. These are quite strict as compared to indirect standards and generally not meet by such facilities. This is quite logical because they are not being monitored or treated by municipal systems.

The law indicates that hospital needed to collect and treat effluent according to the treatment standards. But on other hand the law was made making it consideration about the HWW collection in water bodies.

The best way of management as described, is to treat HWW onsite-dividing into primary, secondary and tertiary. The document also provides details about sludge disposal, possible reuse, including the application of new and innovative treatment technologies for HWW. It also provides guidance for minimum approach for HWW management because developing countries patients do not have proper sanitation facilities.

Bureaucratic red tape involves communications that are not only informative, but also performative, representing the exercise of bureaucratic authority. Automation efforts, to be effective in reducing red tape, will need to include these authority aspects as design variables. A concept of bureau‐cratic software is suggested.

The International Society for Hybrid Microelectronics invites the submission of technical papers for presentation at the above event. All original unpublished papers on microelectronics related topics are welcomed.

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a global health crisis that is attracting focussed attention from healthcare, public health, governmental agencies, the public, and food producers. The purpose of this paper is to describe the work in Washington State to combat resistance and promote antimicrobial stewardship from a one health perspective.

In 2014, the Washington State Department of Health convened a One Health Steering Committee and two workgroups to focus on AR, the One Health Antimicrobial Stewardship work group and the One Health Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance work group. The group organized educational sessions to establish a basic understanding of epidemiological factors that contribute to resistance, including antibiotic use, transmission of resistant bacteria, and environmental contamination with resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues.

The authors describe the varied uses of antibiotics; efforts to promote stewardship in human, and animal health, including examples from the USA and Europe; economic factors that promote use of antibiotics in animal agriculture; and efforts, products and next steps of the workgroups.

In Washington, human, animal and environmental health experts are working collaboratively to address resistance from a one health perspective. The authors are establishing a multi-species resistance database that will allow tracking resistance trends in the region. Gaps include measurement of antibiotic use in humans and animals; integrated resistance surveillance information; and funding for AR and animal health research.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel nonlocal fractal calculus scheme dedicated to the analysis of fractal electrical circuit, namely, the generalized nonlocal fractal calculus.

For being generalized, an arbitrary kernel function has been adopted. The condition on order has been derived so that it is not related to the γ-dimension of the fractal set. The fractal Laplace transforms of our operators have been derived.

Unlike the traditional power law kernel-based nonlocal fractal calculus operators, ours are generalized, consistent with the local fractal derivative and use higher degree of freedom. As intended, the proposed nonlocal fractal calculus is applicable to any kind of fractal electrical circuit. Thus, it has been found to be a more efficient tool for the fractal electrical circuit analysis than any previous fractal set dedicated calculus scheme.

A fractal calculus scheme that is more efficient for the fractal electrical circuit analysis than any previous ones has been proposed in this work.