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This study aims to provide control of liquids, especially against water-based ink on the paper and paperboard surface with natural substances, in also practical and greenway.

The paper surface was treated with natural rosin and its derivatives to obtain a hydrophobic effect and to improve printing properties. The oleoresin samples collected from Pinus nigra Arnold and Pinus pinaster Aiton trees in the controlled area and turpentine content removed was by hydrodistillation. The gum rosin (GR), fortified 10% with maleic anhydride (MGR) and esterified with 10% pentaerythritol (PMGR) samples solved in a simply alcohol and sprayed the base paper surface directly with a spray gun. Base paper samples were paperboard, bleached paper and test liner paper. Then, flexo printing was applied and printability properties were measured.

The treatment weights of these paper samples were 1.8 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.5 and 0.7 ± 0.2 g/m², respectively, compared to the base paper. Greater Cobb60 results were obtained from modified rosin samples than unmodified gum rosin-sized paperboards and the PMGR surface treatment reduces Cobb60 values by 20% and MGR treatment reduces 15% comparing to the base sheet. Then, the printing procedure was applied to the surface of the treated materials using a flexo printing system. As a result of the treatment better print density, chroma and print lightness value consumed a less hydrophobic agent and controlling water-based flexo ink on the base paper surface.

The unique aspect of this work was improving the hydrophobicity of the paper surfaces was achieved by spraying with natural rosin and derivatives.

This study aims to prepare low-cost biomaterials from renewable natural resources (rosin).

Preparation of different biomaterials, ethylene glycol maleic rosin (EGMR), glycerol maleic rosin, pentaerythritol maleic rosin and sorbitol maleic rosin (SMR) esters, then evaluated by stability studies, moisture absorption, swelling index parameters, thermogravimetric analysis and skin irritation studies.

The prepared rosin derivatives had excellent moisture safety, according to the results. From EGMR to SMR, the swelling indices increase.

These rosin biomaterials were used in coating, especially in the field of pharmaceutical coating, and good results were obtained in this study.

As these biomaterials rosin derivatives have excellent moisture resistance, they are recommended for use as coating materials for moisture-sensitive drugs.

There has recently been a lot of interest in researching the effects of rosin derivatives in various drug delivery systems.

The analysis and characterisation of resinous binder materials used in paint formulation has been facilitated during the last decade by the availability of such instrumental techniques as infra‐red spectroscopy, gas‐liquid chromatography and, more recently, gel permeation chromatography (G.P.C). The first two techniques mentioned are eminently suitable for the analysis of resins according to their chemical nature. Most of the binder resins used in modern paints are polymers and, therefore, such parameters as molecular weight and degree of polymerisation are important in determining the suitability of a resin for a given application. The G.P.C. technique readily provides the necessary information about these polymer parameters.

Considerable effort has been made by this Laboratory and industry to make polyfunctional derivatives of rosin through the introduction of different groups into the resin acid moiety.

1. THE TRADITIONAL RESINS ‘Resin’ is a term covering a wide range of materials both thermoplastic and thermosetting. In this market, we limit the definition to low‐softening point, non‐structural thermoplastic materials (usually, but not necessarily, polymers) used for their properties of binding and tack.

The transition to complex printed board assemblies in modern high technology equipment is described. These low voltage, densely packed PBAs with their decreasing insulation paths, manufactured for greatest speed with highly activated solder fluxes, demand both awareness and action to achieve the degree of cleanliness compatible with reliability requirements. This paper sets forth activities under way in Australia to define and adopt cleanliness Standards for use throughout the nation's manufacturing industry. It identifies and defines cleanliness and methods used to achieve and measure contamination that is introduced during PBA manufacture.

Ferguson & Menzies Ltd, 14 Park Road, London W3 9BD, are currently introducing to the UK market a new range of rosin‐derived tackifying resins.

The first automatic cathodic electropaint plant, designed to accept any combination of metals and body sizes up to a limousine car body, has been installed at Motor Panels in Coventry. The company, Europe's largest independent commercial vehicle cab manufacturer, has invested over £1m in the first stage of updating its paint plant.

Steel Brothers Process Plant Ltd. has successfully completed the second phase of the expansion at Goodlass Wall's Liverpool site.

To establish a measurement scale for the solderability of electronic components using the wetting balance, there is a requirement for a set of standard reference surfaces of defined solderabilities to calibrate the instrument and the measurement chain. Ideally, a single material will be used, whose surface can be tuned to a given solderability by a well characterised procedure. This paper describes the development of ranges of solderable surfaces suitable for calibrating wetting balances and other solderability test and measurement methods.