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1 – 10 of over 9000Lior Hameiri and Adam Nir
Public schools operate in a changing and dynamic environment evident in technological innovations, increased social heterogeneity and competition, all contributing to school…
Abstract
Purpose
Public schools operate in a changing and dynamic environment evident in technological innovations, increased social heterogeneity and competition, all contributing to school leaders’ uncertainty. Such changes inevitably influence schools’ inner dynamic and may therefore undermine schools’ organizational health. School leaders have a crucial role in buffering these external influences and promoting schools’ organizational health. The purpose of this paper is to assess the role transformational school leaders play in mediating the relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty and schools’ organizational health in a context characterized by uncertainty and instability which follow political instability.
Design/methodology/approach
The researchers administered questionnaires to 954 teachers coming from 191 randomly sampled public elementary schools in Israel.
Findings
Results indicate a negative impact that perceived environmental uncertainty has on schools’ organizational health evident in the degree of academic emphasis and staff affiliation with the school, in the school’s institutional integrity, and in the principal’s ability to both secure resources for the school and demonstrate collegiality toward teachers. Findings also show that transformational school principals are able to moderate the negative impact environmental uncertainty has on schools’ organizational health.
Originality/value
The findings validate the growing uncertainty characterizing the environment in which public schools operate. They further strengthen existing knowledge on the transformational leadership style in light of its unique capacity to buffer negative external influences imposed on schools and maintain their organizational health.
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Landis G. Fryer and Tavis D. Jules
This research examines higher education developments within transitory democratic spaces, using Tunisia as a case study. A document analysis of higher education policies in…
Abstract
This research examines higher education developments within transitory democratic spaces, using Tunisia as a case study. A document analysis of higher education policies in Tunisia shows a shift from an internal process of Tunisification to a focus on prescriptive global educational agendas. In examining higher education reforms during the past three decades in Tunisia, we attempt to understand the role of higher education in aiding and abiding the “Arab democracy deficit” through policies imposed upon the system through strict state intervention. We describe how higher education structures came to be, how policies were created, and detail how the issues and challenges stemming from higher education helped spread sentiments for the Tunisian Jasmine Revolution. Finally, we examine a lack of convergence, which enabled students to galvanize to overthrow a government criticized for its corruption and policy failures.
Cristian Barra and Nazzareno Ruggiero
Using data for a set of 32 Sub-Saharan countries over the years 2000, 2005 and 2010, the paper investigates the effects of domestic governmental stability upon emigration and…
Abstract
Purpose
Using data for a set of 32 Sub-Saharan countries over the years 2000, 2005 and 2010, the paper investigates the effects of domestic governmental stability upon emigration and assesses whether education and gender shape the relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts instrumental variable (IV) Poisson regressions and two-stage least squares (2SLS) as robustness tests.
Findings
The paper suggests that increased governmental stability has a larger impact on the emigration of high-skilled individuals. Nevertheless, once emigrants are partitioned according to both education and gender, the authors find evidence of a larger impact of stability on the emigration of highly educated females.
Research limitations/implications
The empirical findings may lack generalizability because of the chosen research approach. Then, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.
Practical implications
The paper includes implications that can be drawn for both the growth and the development of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Originality/value
This paper fulfills an identified need to study how both education and gender shape the relationship between domestic governmental stability and emigration.
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Kamshat Kanapiyanova, Alimshan Faizulayev, Rashid Ruzanov, Joanna Ejdys, Dina Kulumbetova and Marei Elbadri
This paper aims to explore the drivers of banking stability in the case of QISMUT+3 countries (Qatar, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Pakistan…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore the drivers of banking stability in the case of QISMUT+3 countries (Qatar, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Pakistan, Kuwait and Bahrain) focusing on social and governmental responsibility (SGR) determinants. Both main indicators of banking stability, namely, profitability and nonperforming loans, were treated as dependent variables. The model is examined with the whole sample and separately by examining commercial banks and Islamic banks.
Design/methodology/approach
Cross-country bank-level panel data spanning from 2011 to 2018 is used. Two-step system generalized methods of moments alongside both panel-corrected standard error and feasible generalized least squares models were applied to ensure the robustness of the results.
Findings
Findings reveal that capital adequacy and corruption control are the most dominant determinants of banking profitability in the studied sample regardless of the type of the bank. In addition, profitability, efficient management, inflation and government effectiveness were found to be the main drivers of financial vulnerability risk.
Practical implications
Findings of this study offer many insights and policy implications to help stakeholders gain a comprehensive understanding of banking stability. Suggested policy implications targeting bank management, governmental policymakers and investors are offered to better the banking stability of QISMUT+3 countries.
Originality/value
This paper has multiple contributions to the existing literature. The determinants of banking stability are examined in QISMUT+3 group of countries which is the focus of a limited number of studies. In addition, the use of a comprehensive variable set alongside the addition of SGR determinants in the case of banking system stability is one of the main contributions of this paper.
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In a globalised economy, the EU, being self-confident, could shape international standards by defending and promoting its own socioeconomic model. Social democratic parties…
Abstract
In a globalised economy, the EU, being self-confident, could shape international standards by defending and promoting its own socioeconomic model. Social democratic parties rhetorically confess the need for a ‘European social model’, but meanings and ways to achieve it differ largely. In a comparative case study on the programmatic positioning of the German Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands and the Spanish Partido Socialista Obrero Español, the parties' perspectives on the integration mode and their handling of the Economic and Monetary Union framework and its crisis over the last decade are traced. Although similar paths from neoliberal convictions of the ‘third way’ to a positive integration process in a fiscal union setting are found, the scope and levels vary, illustrating the abilities of both parties to meet new transnational challenges. The crisis of the Eurozone was a definitive turning point for the positioning of the Social Democrats in Spain in favour of more political and fiscal integration. In contrast, their German comrades already advocated increased social integration of the EU since 2005 but remained very cautious regarding reforms of the economic framework established by the Eurozone.
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This paper aims to analyse the impact of institutional quality, economic factors and unemployment on entrepreneurial activity. The dynamic approach adopted in this study permits…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the impact of institutional quality, economic factors and unemployment on entrepreneurial activity. The dynamic approach adopted in this study permits to evaluate the simultaneous influence of specific factors on total entrepreneurial activity.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative approach through a panel vector autoregression analysis was adopted to take into account possible endogeneity issues, and a short-run Granger test was used to test causality between variables to fill the theoretical and empirical gap about the joined and dynamic effect of institutional quality, economic factors and unemployment on total entrepreneurship activity as a dependent variable.
Findings
The use of a dynamic estimation approach demonstrates that three kinds of relative effects exist: durable and positive effects between industrial production index (IPI), stability and self-employment, a limited positive effect which exists during a predeterminant period between dimensions of institutional quality and unemployment rate (UR) and finally negative effects between IPI and UR.
Research limitations/implications
In general, this study identifies three main effects: negative, temporary positive and perpetual positive. This is the same conclusion for the link between self-employment rates (SER) and institutional quality, measured by six dimensions. Three of these dimensions are especially important: political stability and the absence of violence, governmental effectiveness and regulatory quality.
Practical implications
In light of this study’s results and contrary to the idea admitted about the negative effect of unemployment on entrepreneurial activity, it seems that a relatively positive effect exists. By relative, the author means during a determinant period. It also has to be remembered that entrepreneurial activity was appreciated by the SER according to the recommendation of many previous researchers discussed at the beginning of this paper. Based on the model, three levels of relations emerge. This permits this study to dress a hierarchical list of alternatives to promote entrepreneurial activity. Economic policymakers have to reconsider the importance of the UR as the best occasion to create firms if good institutions and economic support are provided. Good governance and stability are the most important institutional determinants with a long positive effect. This conclusion suits Glaeser and Saks (2006) as well as Ojeka et al. (2019).
Social implications
This research offers considerable scientific evidence to make decisions and orient decisions-makers about policies adopted to increase institutional quality, reducing unemployment and stimulate economic activity, but it is still necessary to reconsider these results for developing countries. It is hoped that future researchers enrich and reinforce the model to provide a critical pathway for successful entrepreneurship activity in this new normal. In the end, this crisis can be also treated as a good occasion to innovate and reconsider the thinking process to manage and operate in the economic world.
Originality/value
This study’s contribution is to help and assist economic policymakers to be aware of the relative importance of such determinants at the country level. The introduction of the relative importance of time is in agreement with the concept of entrepreneurial opportunity.
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Adam E. Nir and Bhojraj Sharma Kafle
The purpose of this paper is to provide a preliminary analysis to evaluate the implications of political stability for educational quality, evident in the survival rate measure.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a preliminary analysis to evaluate the implications of political stability for educational quality, evident in the survival rate measure.
Design/methodology/approach
Secondary analyses were conducted for data drawn from the Political Risk Service Report, the World Bank Report, the United Nations Report and the OECD Report, using a sample comprising 47 countries, 26 politically stable and 21 politically unstable during a ten‐year period of time (1998‐2008).
Findings
The study reveals that political stability plays a major role in explaining the survival rate in education when used as a single predictor or, when introduced in the analysis with the GDP per capita. Following previously reported findings suggesting causal relations between high economic growth and regime stability, the authors’ analyses show that as far as educational quality is concerned, political stability plays a far more significant role compared to countries’ economic circumstances evident in the GDP per capita.
Originality/value
These initial findings suggest that economic conditions create an essential infrastructure which in itself is not sufficient. Political stability which fosters continuity seems to be essential to enable professional considerations to dominate educational processes and allow educators to conduct pedagogical programs from start to finish.
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Meryem Uluskan and A. Blanton Godfrey
The purpose of this paper is to develop a supply chain management framework covering different business environment levels, that is, macro, micro and supply chain levels, and also…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a supply chain management framework covering different business environment levels, that is, macro, micro and supply chain levels, and also to evaluate Haiti vs China as apparel-sourcing partners by assessing macro-level, supply-chain-level and micro-level environments from the US apparel buyers’ perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
In order to achieve this, first, a framework covering these business environment levels was developed and tested through path analysis. Prior to path analysis exploratory factor analysis was conducted to verify proposed factor structures. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews with a sample of 41 apparel companies that operate in the USA and source from China and Haiti.
Findings
This study found that both supply-chain-level and micro-level environments positively impact global supply chain performance. Supply-chain-level also has a direct effect on micro-level environment and macro-level environment has only a direct effect on supply-chain-level environment. Interviews and discussions based on this framework indicate that Haiti’s proximity to the USA, price, low-wage rates, small-order sourcing opportunities and good basic sewing skills are among Haiti’s strengths.
Originality/value
This study is unique in developing a multi-level environment framework for supply chain management and in comparing Haiti and China in terms of their supply chains to evaluate the potential competitiveness of Haitian apparel supply chain.
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Beau Breslin, John J.P. Howley and Molly Appel
This chapter explores how the principles of retribution and deterrence were framed and thus used to justify capital punishment in the early years of the Republic, and how the…
Abstract
This chapter explores how the principles of retribution and deterrence were framed and thus used to justify capital punishment in the early years of the Republic, and how the purposes for capital punishment have changed in the past two centuries. We ask several related questions: (1) Has our understanding of the morality and utility of retributive justice changed so dramatically that the historical argument tying justification for capital punishment to the past now ought to carry less weight? (2) Have our perspectives on the purposes for capital punishment changed in ways that now might call the entire experiment into question? and (3) What, in short, can we say about the historical similarities between arguments concerning retribution and deterrence at the Founding and those same arguments today?As is often true of common law principles, the reasons for the rule are less sure and less uniform than the rule itself. (Justice Marshall's majority opinion in Ford v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399 (1986))