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The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of restoration of gold foils on Dazu Grottoes using different parylene coatings.

The gold foil samples were applied with two types of parylene coating with six different thicknesses, C‐10, C‐15, C‐20, N‐10, N‐20, N‐25, respectively. Electrochemical impedance, surface morphology, and hydrophobicity properties were used to examine the behavior of the coatings.

The results showed that an increase in electrochemical corrosion resistance was observed as the degree of coating thickness was increased for both C‐parylene and N‐parylene coatings. In addition, the surface morphology study, using 3D topography measurement, indicated that the surface roughness was decreased for all parylene coatings. Furthermore, the parylene‐C coating was comparatively more effective than was the parylene‐N coating.

The results obtained from the three methods were in close agreement. This is an indication that the parylene‐C coating can be used to restore the gold foils on Dazu Grottoes and to support future restoration and consolidation to be applied on site on the Grottoes.

New York is the third top wine producing state in America. Competitive wine production across the United States has challenged New York winemakers to secure a place in the domestic market in order to support the long-term viability of the local economy. As businesses of agriculture become increasingly disrupted by the changing natural environment and consumer demand for sustainable products grows, vintners may distinguish themselves through the production and promotion of strategic initiatives on wine bottle labels.

Fueled by the distinct fields of green marketing and environmental communication, this research investigates the promotion of sustainable practices on wine bottle labels. Through the methodology of content analysis, this project examines all 13 wineries on the Shawangunk Wine Trail located in the Hudson River Region of New York.

The findings from this study show that less than half of wineries in the sample selection employ environmental marketing as a communication strategy.

This research carries practical, business and social implications for the local Hudson River Region, the larger New York wine industry, and any organization looking to remain viable in a competitive marketplace.

This paper reveals the potential for the Hudson River Region wine industry to promote its “distinctive” and “innovative” environmental philosophy of “terroir driven and sustainably produced” winemaking on wine bottle labels to differentiate themselves in a crowded and expanding marketplace and build a Basis of Legitimacy with consumers.

The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) instruments with different detector systems (proportional counter, positive intrinsic negative and Si drift detectors) for measuring thin Au and Pd coatings on printed circuit boards and to investigate different ways of background treatment. It also aims to provide and certify suitable reference materials which are similar to samples used in production.

XRF measurements were performed with different instruments and detector types. The quantification of the reference materials is based on XRF, gravimetric analysis and Rutherford backscattering (RBS).

The well‐established X‐ray instrumentation for coating thickness measurement, with proportional counter detectors, are not very suitable for measuring thin ( < approx. 100 nm) coatings of gold and palladium due to the poor energy resolution of the proportional counter‐tubes. Systems with semiconductor detectors achieve results that are more reliable with a significantly higher accuracy. A correct background treatment is especially important for very thin coatings. The composition of the base material has to be taken into account by the software evaluation algorithm for each measurement. A global base subtraction performed prior to the measurement can achieve better repeatability, but can also lead to incorrect absolute values.

If small measuring spots (e.g. 150 μm) have to be realized with semiconductor detector systems, special X‐ray optics (polycapillaries) have to be used to obtain an intensity comparable to that offered by proportional counter devices. This will be the subject of a further publication.

The paper provides an overall review and results for different types of instruments (detectors) and compares different background treatments. Suitable reference materials have been developed for precise and traceable measurements. Their quantification is based on gravimetric analysis and RBS. The standard‐free energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (ED‐X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRFA)) was used for interpolation of the gravimetric data for thin coatings. For the region below 100 nm, measurement uncertainties of less than 1 nm can be achieved.

The electronics industry is now expanding at a considerable rate, but not so the board geometry. Track sizes are generally still at 0·010 in. but even this size puts considerable strain on the repair operations. The move to surface mount technology also has the effect of reducing track sizes. The quality of repair which may be produced by conventional methods can not rival the visual quality which may be obtained by parallel gap welding. This paper will examine in a practical way the process and methods which can be employed to save valuable material.

The comparatively new process of diffusion soldering combines the merits of Soldering and diffusion bonding. It is tolerant to surfaces that are not perfectly flat while, at flat while, at the same time, it is capable of producing large‐area joints that are void free, a normal failing of conventional soldering. Diffusion soldering processes have been successfully developed, based copper, silver and gold. The metallurgical principles behind the design of these processes are explained and prospective applications of each of the diffusion soldering systems are described. These range from the attachment of heat‐sinks to silicon power devices, to jewellery and the fabrication of semiconductor packaging.

READ a current CEGB advertisement and you will no longer wonder why your electricity charges are being generated sky high. “Senior Technical Editor up to £6,630 p.a.” it reads—wow. First of all let's take a look at current job descriptions at around £6,000 p.a. A glance at “The Daily Telegraph” reveals the following: “Senior Civil Engineer £5,000—£6,500”; “Chief Compressor Designer £4,000”; “General Manager £6,000”; “Works Director £5,000”; “Quality Assurance Manager £5,000”—and all these— and more—are from advertisements of substantial firms in various engineering fields.

It is important, today, that children should leave school with some knowledge of the atom and radioactivity. A few years ago these topics were not on A‐Ievel syllabuses, but now such work is appearing both there and at O‐Ievel. So that the work could be taught by means of experiments and not by words alone, a new generation of school science equipment has appeared. Amongst this is a simple but effective version of a piece of apparatus that has been vital to the progress of discoveries in radioactivity since it was invented by C. T. R. Wilson in 1911. This is the cloud chamber, which renders visible the paths of the α and β particles, and the γ radiation, emitted by radioactive substances. Comparatively few physicists have enjoyed the sight of a cloud chamber in action; we have usually had to be content with track photographs in textbooks and have tended to think that a cloud chamber is costly, complicated, difficult to use and only to be found in research laboratories. This attitude could not be more wrong and the Nuffield physics project introduces the simple diffusion cloud chamber to school children at the age of 11, and moreover, not as a mere demonstration, but as a class experiment carried out by the children themselves.

There have always been traditional differences between the various regions of the British Isles. For example, meat consumption is greater in the North than the South; most families take some meat at every meal and this extends to the children. The North is the home of the savoury meat products, eg., faggots, rissoles and similar preparations and a high meat content for such foods as sausages is expected; between 80 and 90% with the cereal only present for binding purposes. Present minimum meat contents would be considered a swindle, also the nature of the lean meat and the lean meat/fat ratio. The high water content similarly would have been unacceptable.

THERE has recently sprung up a great interest in antiques, probably due to Arthur Negus and his TV and broadcast programmes, and perhaps it is this which has made county librarians also, think about their past and their beginnings. Gloucestershire was the first to become aware of the fact that its library was fifty years old, and that a genuine antique, in the shape of its first librarian, still existed and could be questioned about the early days. So in December, 1967, the Gloucestershire Library Committee staged a most successful 50th birthday party, and invited me to cut the birthday cake, on which were 50 candles! And a very great occasion it was.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a nuanced interpretative frame that can help global managers with recommendations to avoid misapplied power with group and organizational situations.

Embodied metaphor is applied in analysis of the theory-praxis nexus to reconceive the bases, processes and resources associated with group and organizational power. Identified are patterns of relations in organizational bases and circuits of power, as expressed through literal and symbolic aspects of human hands and fingers. The paper does not revolve around gesticulations; instead focusing upon a novel, meta-cultural development of touchlines of the human hand, revealing conceptual relationships with the implementation of influence.

A differentiated understanding of the touchline powers of technology, information, self-awareness, relation to others and access to money can respectively improve decisions and actions. Insights are provided in the areas of controlling people to achieve objectives, demeaning others, managing change and resistance for personal gain, negotiating contracts, advancing personal interests and coordinating reward or punishment.

Choosing one metaphor may contribute to the exclusion of other perspectives, however, the embodied nature of the hand and touchlines tends to cross cultures and may assist further research to address the embedded nature of abuses of organizational power.

The contribution is in the theory-praxis nexus to assist global managers in addressing the risk of potential misuse of power and influence in organizations and to respond to calls for ancient indigenous epistemological systems to assume a role in contemporary management studies.