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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2014

Randy Moser

The purpose of this paper is to perform a brief examination of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the progress towards IFRS convergence in the accounting…

4931

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to perform a brief examination of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the progress towards IFRS convergence in the accounting environments of China and the USA, providing useful information on the current status and future of IFRS convergence in these countries.

Design/methodology/approach

A range of IFRS-related literature from 1993 to 2013 was analyzed to provide the current status of IFRS and to determine the past, present and future of IFRS convergence in the country examinations.

Findings

IFRS convergence and adoption has occurred on a global scale due to the call for a single set of standards. China's most significant obstacles include training accounting professionals and becoming more involved in the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) standard setting process. The USA's most significant obstacle is completing the Securities and Exchange Commission roadmap milestones, which will progressively move the accounting industry towards IFRS convergence.

Research limitations/implications

These findings have been limited to an overview of IFRS convergence and adoption within China and the USA. Additional research opportunities exist by examining how successful countries have been in protecting individual economic interests by working with the IASB in the standard setting process for the IFRS, as opposed to being passive in the process. One economic indicator that should be examined is foreign direct investment, which has major impacts on country development and can be influenced by financial standards such as IFRS.

Practical implications

China and the USA both have milestones identified in this paper that will need to be reached before benefits may be reaped from the converging to IFRS.

Originality/value

These findings show that IFRS standards are being implemented globally in many nations, providing a common set of reporting tools to businesses and investors. Through these standards, China and the USA are working to be even more competitive forces in financial markets.

Details

Journal of Technology Management in China, vol. 9 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-8779

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 24 May 2013

Daniele Peri and Matteo Diez

The purpose of this paper is the introduction of a globally convergent algorithm into a framework for global derivative‐free optimization, such as particle swarm optimization…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is the introduction of a globally convergent algorithm into a framework for global derivative‐free optimization, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) for which a full proof of convergence is currently missing.

Design/methodology/approach

The substitution of the classical PSO iteration by the Newton method is suggested when the global minimum is not improved. Use of surrogate models for the computation of the Hessian of the objective function is a key point for the overall computational effort. Adoption of a trust‐region approach guarantees the consistency of the present approach with the original formulation.

Findings

The approach proposed is mostly found to be an improvement of the classical PSO method. The use of surrogate models and the trust‐region approach maintains the overall computational effort at the same level as the original algorithm.

Research limitations/implications

Although the number of algebraic test functions is pretty large, a single practical example is provided. Further numerical experiments are needed in order to increase the generality of the conclusions.

Practical implications

The proposed method improves the efficiency of the standard PSO algorithm.

Originality/value

Previous literature does not provide comprehensive systematic studies for coupling PSO with local search algorithms. This paper is a contribution for closing the gap.

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 11 August 2021

Mary Catherine Lucey

This paper aims to draw attention to a broad range of experimental institutional initiatives which operate in the absence of a global antitrust regime. The purpose of this paper…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to draw attention to a broad range of experimental institutional initiatives which operate in the absence of a global antitrust regime. The purpose of this paper is to offer food for thought to scholars in other fields of international trade law facing challenges from divergent national regimes.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking inspiration from political science literature on institutions, this paper crafts a broad analytical lens which captures various organisational forms (including networks), codes (including soft law) and culture (including epistemic communities). The strength and shortcomings of traditional “bricks and mortar” institutions such as the European Union (EU) and General Agreement Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organisation are first examined. Then, the innovative global network of International Competition Network (ICN) is analysed.

Findings

It highlights the value of the global antitrust epistemic community in providing a conducive environment for extensive recourse to “soft law”. Examples from the EU and the ICN include measures which find expression in enforcement tools and networks. These initiatives can be seen as experimental responses to the challenges of divergent national antitrust regimes.

Research limitations/implications

It is desktop research rather than empirical field work.

Practical implications

To raise awareness outside the antitrust scholarly community of the variety of experimental institutional initiatives which have evolved, often on a soft law basis, in response to the challenges experienced by national enforcement agencies and businesses operating in the absence of a global antitrust regime.

Originality/value

It offers some personal reflections on the ICN from the author’s experience as a non-governmental advisor. It draws attention to the ICN’s underappreciated range of educational materials which are freely available on its website to everyone. It submits that the ICN template offers interesting ideas for other fields of international trade law where a global regime is unrealisable. The ICN is a voluntary virtual network of agencies collaborating to agree ways to reduce clashes among national regimes. Its goal of voluntary convergence is portrayed as standardisation rather than as absolute congruence. Even if standardisation of norms/processes is too ambitious a goal in other fields of international trade law, the ICN model still offers inspiration as an epistemic community within an inclusive and dynamic forum for encouraging debate and creating a culture of learning opportunities where familiarity and trust is fostered.

Article
Publication date: 10 September 2021

Kunyong Chen, Yong Zhao, Jiaxiang Wang, Hongwen Xing and Zhengjian Dong

This paper aims to propose a fast and robust 3D point set registration method for pose estimation of assembly features with few distinctive local features in the manufacturing…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a fast and robust 3D point set registration method for pose estimation of assembly features with few distinctive local features in the manufacturing process.

Design/methodology/approach

The distance between the two 3D objects is analytically approximated by the implicit representation of the target model. Specifically, the implicit B-spline surface is adopted as an interface to derive the distance metric. With the distance metric, the point set registration problem is formulated into an unconstrained nonlinear least-squares optimization problem. Simulated annealing nested Gauss-Newton method is designed to solve the non-convex problem. This integration of gradient-based optimization and heuristic searching strategy guarantees both global robustness and sufficient efficiency.

Findings

The proposed method improves the registration efficiency while maintaining high accuracy compared with several commonly used approaches. Convergence can be guaranteed even with critical initial poses or in partial overlapping conditions. The multiple flanges pose estimation experiment validates the effectiveness of the proposed method in real-world applications.

Originality/value

The proposed registration method is much more efficient because no feature estimation or point-wise correspondences update are performed. At each iteration of the Gauss–Newton optimization, the poses are updated in a singularity-free format without taking the derivatives of a bunch of scalar trigonometric functions. The advantage of the simulated annealing searching strategy is combined to improve global robustness. The implementation is relatively straightforward, which can be easily integrated to realize automatic pose estimation to guide the assembly process.

Details

Assembly Automation, vol. 41 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-5154

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 January 2017

Obaid Ur Rehman, Shiyou Yang and Shafi Ullah Khan

The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of standard quantum-based particle swarm optimization (QPSO) methods for solving electromagnetic inverse problems.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of standard quantum-based particle swarm optimization (QPSO) methods for solving electromagnetic inverse problems.

Design/methodology/approach

A modified QPSO algorithm is designed.

Findings

The modified QPSO algorithm is an efficient and robust global optimizer for optimizing electromagnetic inverse problems. More specially, the experimental results as reported on different case studies demonstrate that the proposed method can find better final optimal solution at an early stage of the iterating process (uses less iterations) as compared to other tested optimal algorithms.

Originality/value

The modifications include the design of a new position updating formula, the introduction of a new mutation strategy and a dynamic control parameter to intensify the convergence speed of the algorithm.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 36 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 29 March 2024

Zhuoer Yao, Zi Kan, Daochun Li, Haoyuan Shao and Jinwu Xiang

The purpose of this paper is to solve the challenging problem of automatic carrier landing with the presence of environmental disturbances. Therefore, a global fast terminal…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to solve the challenging problem of automatic carrier landing with the presence of environmental disturbances. Therefore, a global fast terminal sliding mode control (GFTSMC) method is proposed for automatic carrier landing system (ACLS) to achieve safe carrier landing control.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the framework of ACLS is established, which includes flight glide path model, guidance model, approach power compensation system and flight controller model. Subsequently, the carrier deck motion model and carrier air-wake model are presented to simulate the environmental disturbances. Then, the detailed design steps of GFTSMC are provided. The stability analysis of the controller is proved by Lyapunov theorems and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Furthermore, the arrival time analysis is carried out, which proves the controller has fixed time convergence ability.

Findings

The numerical simulations are conducted. The simulation results reveal that the proposed method can guarantee a finite convergence time and safe carrier landing under various conditions. And the superiority of the proposed method is further demonstrated by comparative simulations and Monte Carlo tests.

Originality/value

The GFTSMC method proposed in this paper can achieve precise and safe carrier landing with environmental disturbances, which has important referential significance to the improvement of ACLS controller designs.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 23 December 2011

Parmod Chand and Chris Patel

The globalization of the world's economies has inevitably brought with it moves to establish a single set of financial reporting standards. Prima facie, the formulation and…

Abstract

The globalization of the world's economies has inevitably brought with it moves to establish a single set of financial reporting standards. Prima facie, the formulation and promulgation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is concealed behind reified icons of “relevance.” This chapter adds a new dimension to the international accounting debate by discussing themes of regulation, public and private interests, from a critical perspective. Specifically, this chapter examines the reasons for the willingness to accept IFRS in Fiji. A critical conception of “relevance” and “accountability” is developed to demonstrate how the needs of private interests' are met in adopting the IFRS. This study demonstrates that in this process of convergence, the influence of these private interests – multinational enterprises and large international accounting firms – can lead to a transfer of economic resources in their favor, wherein the public interests are usually ignored. The study offers suggestions on how public interest might be best served within the current financial reporting system and how, in principle, the needs to report both globally and locally can be reconciled.

Details

Achieving Global Convergence of Financial Reporting Standards: Implications from the South Pacific Region
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78052-443-6

Article
Publication date: 1 May 2002

Sven Klinkel and Sanjay Govindjee

In this paper an interface is derived between arbitrary three‐dimensional material laws and finite elements which include special stress conditions. The mechanical models of beams…

1427

Abstract

In this paper an interface is derived between arbitrary three‐dimensional material laws and finite elements which include special stress conditions. The mechanical models of beams and shells are usually based upon zero‐stress conditions. This requires a material law respecting the stress condition for each finite element formulation. Complicated materials, e.g. finite strain models are often described in the 3D‐continuum. Considering the zero‐stress condition requires a reformulation of these material laws, which is often complicated. The subject of this paper is to incorporate physically non‐linear 3D‐material laws in beam and shell elements. To this effect a local algorithm will be developed to condense an arbitrary 3D‐material law with respect to the zero‐stress condition. The algorithm satisfies the stress condition at each integration point on the element level.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 19 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 November 2018

Siqi Li and Yimin Deng

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new algorithm for independent navigation of unmanned aerial vehicle path planning with fast and stable performance, which is based on…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new algorithm for independent navigation of unmanned aerial vehicle path planning with fast and stable performance, which is based on pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) and quantum entanglement (QE) theory.

Design/methodology/approach

A biomimetic swarm intelligent optimization of PIO is inspired by the natural behavior of homing pigeons. In this paper, the model of QEPIO is devised according to the merging optimization of basic PIO algorithm and dynamics of QE in a two-qubit XXZ Heisenberg System.

Findings

Comparative experimental results with genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and traditional PIO algorithm are given to show the convergence velocity and robustness of our proposed QEPIO algorithm.

Practical implications

The QEPIO algorithm hold broad adoption prospects because of no reliance on INS, both on military affairs and market place.

Originality/value

This research is adopted to solve path planning problems with a new aspect of quantum effect applied in parameters designing for the model with the respective of unmanned aerial vehicle path planning.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 91 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 3 December 2014

Annette Aurélie Desmarais, Marta G. Rivera-Ferre and Beatriz Gasco

This chapter examines La Vía Campesina’s strategy of consolidating strategic alliances in its global struggle to build food sovereignty. After discussing some of La Vía…

Abstract

This chapter examines La Vía Campesina’s strategy of consolidating strategic alliances in its global struggle to build food sovereignty. After discussing some of La Vía Campesina’s initial challenges in working with nongovernmental organizations we focus on two case studies: first, La Vía Campesina’s work with Veterinarios Sin Fronteras, based in Spain, and second, the International Planning Committee on Food Sovereignty. In both cases we analyze some of the convergences and divergences experienced by the social actors in efforts to build strategic alliances.

Details

Alternative Agrifood Movements: Patterns of Convergence and Divergence
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-089-6

21 – 30 of over 24000