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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2012

Mariko Inui, Kouhei Murase and Sadami Tsutsumi

The breast is composed of two main types of soft tissues: glandular tissue and adipose tissue. Wearing a brassiere makes them deform easily. In order to design comfortable…

Abstract

Purpose

The breast is composed of two main types of soft tissues: glandular tissue and adipose tissue. Wearing a brassiere makes them deform easily. In order to design comfortable brassieres by which the body shape is adjusted, it is important to clarify the relationship between the breast deformation and the internal structure of the breast. The purpose of this paper is to assess a method to determine the structure inside the breast. Breast shape comparison was performed to assess the relationship between the external deformation caused by wearing a brassiere and the internal structure of the breast.

Design/methodology/approach

The subjects were five adult females. The breast MRI imaging in the sitting position was carried out using the vertical MRI systems under bare breasts condition and under wearing a brassiere condition. By creating 3D images from the MRI images obtained, the internal structure of the breast was determined. The 3D images under the wearing brassiere conditions were superimposed on the images under the bare breasts condition, and the breast shape comparison was performed to assess the relationship between the external deformation caused by wearing a brassiere and the internal structure of the breast.

Findings

The internal 3D structure of the breast, which had been unmeasurable in the sitting position, could be obtained using the vertical MRI system. Additionally the effect of wearing a brassiere on the breast was assessed in terms of the relation between the external deformation and the internal structure of the breast.

Originality/value

This paper's results can be utilized for human body model in simulation, and to provide fruitful data for the design of comfortable brassieres.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 24 no. 2/3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1920

A similar parallel between function and dietary properties can be drawn in the case of the highly specialized muscle tissue on the one hand and the actively metabolizing glandular

Abstract

A similar parallel between function and dietary properties can be drawn in the case of the highly specialized muscle tissue on the one hand and the actively metabolizing glandular tissues on the other. The muscle tissue has dietary properties almost identical with the seed, tuber or root in all respects except its richness in protein. It lacks sufficient calcium, sodium and chlorine, fat‐soluble A, water‐soluble B, and water‐soluble C. The glandular organs such as the liver and kidney are much more nearly complete foods. Indeed, they have all the complexes which are essential for the construction of living tissue, and when supplemented with a carbohydrate, such as starch, approximate much more nearly a complete food than would a similar amount of muscle tissue with starch.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 22 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Article
Publication date: 24 February 2020

Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan Adeyeye, Olusola Timothy Bolaji, Titilope Adebusola Abegunde and Taofeek Olawale Adesina

This study aims to review processing and utilization of snail meat in alleviating protein malnutrition in Africa. Most countries in Africa are faced with a major challenge of…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to review processing and utilization of snail meat in alleviating protein malnutrition in Africa. Most countries in Africa are faced with a major challenge of protein malnutrition as a result of high cost of animal proteins. This has encouraged more research works in the use of wild or game meat to meet the much-needed animal proteins.

Design/methodology/approach

Previous literatures on the above subject matter were reviewed. In many African countries, the use of snails, rodents and other small livestock in the wild could help in improving the nutritional needs of the people in both urban and rural areas, as well as adding economic value through income generation to the local people.

Findings

Snails are very rich in dietary protein, low in fat and cholesterol and are good sources of iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. Previous studies showed that snail meat contains 70 per cent of water and its dry matter contains high amounts of essential amino acids such as lysine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan. Research studies have shown that snail contains calcium orthophosphate, a chemical substrate that could alleviate and reduce kidney diseases. Also, the glandular substances found in edible snails were found to have antimicrobial activities that cause agglutination of certain bacteria, which could be used against some ailments like whooping cough. As snail meat products have high nutritional value, spoilage sets in after one or two days after harvesting, and therefore, the preservation of snail meat has become a major concern to farmers, processors and consumers. Several preservation techniques could be adopted, which include smoking, sun drying, convectional drying and the use of natural or artificial preservatives. These methods have been found to reduce microbial load of snail meat and help to extend shelf life and keeping quality of snail meat.

Originality/value

This review X-rayed the importance of snail meat in the human diet and how this could be explored to enhance protein nutrition in developing countries.

Details

Nutrition & Food Science , vol. 50 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0034-6659

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 2005

Ruiha Webster and Peter Williams

To judge the quality of health information provided to the users of the NHS Direct online enquiry service.

1446

Abstract

Purpose

To judge the quality of health information provided to the users of the NHS Direct online enquiry service.

Design/methodology/approach

An examination of available online tools was necessary to enable the development of a quality framework appropriate for the study. The checklist developed from this process provided a method of judging a specific web site's quality level. Readability levels of web sites were measured using the Flesch‐Kincaid scale. Two case studies were conducted to examine consistency of responses, and in order to measure user satisfaction questionnaires were distributed.

Findings

Results from the checklist indicated that the majority of health information sent on to users of the service was of adequate or excellent quality. The readability levels of information promoted by the NHS Direct Online enquiry service are at levels higher than is recommended in the literature. The case studies implied that the criteria used by the NHS in composing responses to enquiries is not always consistent and may need streamlining. Despite this, 97 per cent of respondents were happy with the information sent to them. A combination of user satisfaction and referral to adequate or excellent quality health web sites suggests that the NHS is providing a good quality information service to the British public.

Research limitations/implications

It is difficult to draw reliable conclusions from the small sample size employed in this study. It is also unfortunate that the respondents could not be interviewed or observed as they submitted their enquiry and while they examined web pages. The checklist developed to measure web site quality could, in itself, bring limitations, no weighting factors were employed when comparing criteria and the researcher felt that some of the criteria were hard to judge in practice.

Practical implications

The NHS need to undertake some streamlining of their e‐mail enquiry service so that all the web sites it promotes contain health information that is at a good or excellent quality level.

Originality/value

Examination of a practical health service which purports to help improve the quality of NHS health provision.

Details

Aslib Proceedings, vol. 57 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 6 July 2012

Debbie Risius, Richard Thelwell, Chris Wagstaff and Joanna Scurr

In addition to the psychological differentiation of older women, ageing has numerous effects on the breast, influencing the volume, density and constitution of the tissue. It is…

2102

Abstract

Purpose

In addition to the psychological differentiation of older women, ageing has numerous effects on the breast, influencing the volume, density and constitution of the tissue. It is currently unknown how these changes may affect bra requirements and bra consumer behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to explore factors of importance in bras in a cohort of women aged 45 to 65 years, whilst considering purchasing behaviour, brand loyalties and self‐image.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a grounded theoretical perspective, this study was exploratory in nature, including a mixture of five semi‐structured interviews and two focus groups with women, aged 45 to 65 years, to discuss bra habits, considerations, and influential factors of purchasing. Data were content analysed with additional frequency analysis.

Findings

The paper provides five key dimensions within which older women focus their attentions when purchasing bras. These are aesthetics, comfort, practicalities of bra purchase, breast support and psychological aspects. Participants purpose their bra requirements to be multifaceted and changing with increasing age.

Practical implications

Bra manufacturers and distributers may need to consider these factors when marketing towards an older population of women, to optimise products and subsequent sales.

Originality/value

The paper advances the literature by providing fundamental information on the key areas of consideration for older bra consumers.

Details

Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, vol. 16 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1361-2026

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 November 2021

Priyanka Yadlapalli, D. Bhavana and Suryanarayana Gunnam

Computed tomography (CT) scan can provide valuable information in the diagnosis of lung diseases. To detect the location of the cancerous lung nodules, this work uses novel deep…

Abstract

Purpose

Computed tomography (CT) scan can provide valuable information in the diagnosis of lung diseases. To detect the location of the cancerous lung nodules, this work uses novel deep learning methods. The majority of the early investigations used CT, magnetic resonance and mammography imaging. Using appropriate procedures, the professional doctor in this sector analyses these images to discover and diagnose the various degrees of lung cancer. All of the methods used to discover and detect cancer illnesses are time-consuming, expensive and stressful for the patients. To address all of these issues, appropriate deep learning approaches for analyzing these medical images, which included CT scan images, were utilized.

Design/methodology/approach

Radiologists currently employ chest CT scans to detect lung cancer at an early stage. In certain situations, radiologists' perception plays a critical role in identifying lung melanoma which is incorrectly detected. Deep learning is a new, capable and influential approach for predicting medical images. In this paper, the authors employed deep transfer learning algorithms for intelligent classification of lung nodules. Convolutional neural networks (VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet and DenseNet169) are used to constrain the input and output layers of a chest CT scan image dataset.

Findings

The collection includes normal chest CT scan pictures as well as images from two kinds of lung cancer, squamous and adenocarcinoma impacted chest CT scan images. According to the confusion matrix results, the VGG16 transfer learning technique has the highest accuracy in lung cancer classification with 91.28% accuracy, followed by VGG19 with 89.39%, MobileNet with 85.60% and DenseNet169 with 83.71% accuracy, which is analyzed using Google Collaborator.

Originality/value

The proposed approach using VGG16 maximizes the classification accuracy when compared to VGG19, MobileNet and DenseNet169. The results are validated by computing the confusion matrix for each network type.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, vol. 15 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-378X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 July 2000

Douglas Brown

546

Abstract

Details

Reference Reviews, vol. 14 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0950-4125

Keywords

Content available
Article
Publication date: 1 February 1998

Alison McWhirter

50

Abstract

Details

Health Education, vol. 98 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0965-4283

Article
Publication date: 1 December 2005

Nur Azlina Mohd Fahami, Nafeeza Mohd Ismail and Khalid Bin Abdul Kadir

This study seeks to investigate the effect of palm‐based phytonutrient complex (PPC) on stress‐induced gastric lesions and accompanying changes in the gastric acidity and gastrin…

Abstract

Purpose

This study seeks to investigate the effect of palm‐based phytonutrient complex (PPC) on stress‐induced gastric lesions and accompanying changes in the gastric acidity and gastrin level.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 40 rats were divided between a control group that was given a vitamin E deficient diet and a treatment group that was given a vitamin deficient diet with oral supplementation of PPC at 60 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period half of the number of rats were subjected to restraint‐stress for two hours for four consecutive days. Following stress exposure, blood was taken for measurement of gastrin level, after which all the rats were disposed of. The gastric acid was collected for measurement of acid concentration, while the stomachs were opened along the greater curvature and examined for lesions.

Findings

Rats exposed to stress developed hemorrhagic gastric lesions. PPC supplemented rats had fewer gastric lesions compared with their respective control group. Stress without supplementation with PPC also caused a reduction in the gastric acid concentration and the serum gastrin levels. Compared with their corresponding controls, the pre‐ and post‐values of gastric acid and serum gastrin concentration in rats with PPC supplementation remained comparable.

Originality/value

Stress is an identified risk factor for the development of gastric lesions. The current study showed that PPC was able to reduce the development of gastric lesions induced by stress and blocks the stress‐induced changes in the gastric acid concentration and gastrin level. It is possible that part of the protective effect of PPC in stress is through maintenance of the normal gastrin level, which results in the maintenance of gastrin trophic action in the gastric mucosa.

Details

Nutrition & Food Science, vol. 35 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0034-6659

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 1920

A survey of these records shows that while in a number of the larger factories work has been carried out under conditions likely to insure the production of sound and wholesome…

Abstract

A survey of these records shows that while in a number of the larger factories work has been carried out under conditions likely to insure the production of sound and wholesome materials, in many others of this class the opposite has been the case. In a very large number of the smaller factories and food preparing places the conditions found were unsatisfactory in the extreme.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 22 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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