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Access to formal financial services is one of the main obstacles to the adoption of agricultural technologies such as Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAPs). In order to increase financial inclusion and lessen farmers' liquidity restrictions, Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLA) are being promoted in rural farming communities. However, there extent to which VSLA contributes to the acceleration of agricultural practices, such as SAP, remains little explored in existing literature. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the impact of VSLA on the intensity of adoption of SAPs.

This study used cross-sectional data from 376 farming households in the East Gonja district of Ghana. An Endogenous Poisson Treatment Regression (EPTR) was applied to correct for self-selection bias that might emanate from both observed and unobserved differences in household characteristics.

The empirical results indicated that farmers' engagement in non-farm economic activities, ownership of land and size of agricultural land under cultivation positively and significantly influence the intensity of SAPs adoption. Moreover, participation in VSLA improves the adoption of SAPs, and that VSLA-participants adopted about three more SAPs than they would have if they did not participate in VSLA.

This study re-affirmed the significance of VSLA in rural farming communities and recommend that it should be promoted as an alternative to formal financial services to enhance financial inclusiveness, and consequently boost the uptake of SAPs.

In the search of literature, this study is the first to estimate the impact of VSLA on adoption of SAPs. The use of EPTR helps to bring out the true treatment effects of VSLA on SAPs.

Efforts to reduce farmers' market risks and improve buyers' access to farm commodities have encouraged contract farming (CF) in Ghana's cashew sector in recent years. Consequently, the existence of CF shows that farmers who use it may be benefiting from it, as it is their economic responsibility to decide how to sell agricultural products. However, the magnitudes of these benefits or otherwise have been inadequately explored. This paper aims to empirically estimate the impact of CF on farm performance and welfare of smallholder cashew farmers.

The study used probit-two-stage least square (probit-2sls) as a primary estimator to account for self-selection bias and endogeneity that could arise from both observed and unobserved heterogeneities among farming households to estimate the causal effects of CF on farm performance and household welfare.

The results indicated that participation in CF contribute significantly to the gains in farm performance (price margins, yields and net farm revenue) and welfare (consumption expenditure per capita), and that the non-participants of CF would have benefited substantially if they had participated. An analysis of the farm size disaggregated into small, medium and large with regards to the outcome variables produces mixed results.

It can be concluded that participating in CF enhances farm performance and household welfare.

While many other studies do not account for changes in farm performance and welfare due to differences in farm size or other observed factors, this study fills a crucial void.

The rapid growth of the mobile money industry has been matched by a rise in mobile money fraud. The technology required to apprehend perpetrators of such fraud is nonexistent in most developing countries. Hence, the need for individuals to be willing to pay for insurance against such frauds is crucial. This paper aims to examine individuals’ willingness to pay for insurance against mobile money fraud in Ghana.

The paper uses nationally representative data collected from 4,266 adults (persons 18 years and above) in Ghana. Individuals’ willingness to pay premiums for protection against mobile money fraud was elicited by a single-bound dichotomous choice and open-ended contingent valuation designs.

On average, 24.34% of Ghanaians are willing to pay premiums for insurance against mobile money frauds, with more men (26.37%) being willing than women (22.56%). Similarly, the average monthly premium that men are willing to pay for protection against mobile money fraud is GH¢32.16 (US$8.16), while that of women is GH¢22.5 (US$5.62). Furthermore, the results show that years of schooling, income, previous fraud experience, and using the accounts for saving are all positively associated with willingness to pay. However, using other networks apart from MTN has a negative association with willingness to pay.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines willingness to pay for insurance against mobile money fraud. Thus, this is the first that estimate quantitatively how much mobile account holders will pay as premiums for insurance against mobile money fraud.