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China accounts for 70% of global output of rare earths, which are key for the production of electric vehicles (EVs) and certain weapons, including missiles.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283343
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Found as a by-product in certain lithium deposits, its applications now include renewables, energy efficient construction, electric vehicles (EVs) and new fertilisers. Boric acid…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283866
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Shares in China's new energy vehicle and battery makers rose on the news, as did the market valuations of several Western graphite explorers and developers. Prices for natural…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283201
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Fateme Asadi Touranlou, Ahmad Raeesi and Mitra Rezaei
This study aims to systematically review the health risk assessment of the concentration of heavy metals in Pistacia species globally.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to systematically review the health risk assessment of the concentration of heavy metals in Pistacia species globally.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors systematically searched PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar to identify all articles published between 1 January 2002 and 20 August 2022. A total of 33 studies met the authors’ inclusion criteria, and their data were extracted. Additionally, the potential risk to human health was assessed by calculating the target hazard quotient and hazard index for both child and adult consumers.
Findings
The estimated daily intake for heavy metals in the included studies ranged from 9.72 × 10–9 to 7.35 (mg/day) in the following order: zinc (Zn) > mercury (Hg) > iron (Fe) > lead (Pb) > copper (Cu) > aluminum (Al) > nickel (Ni) > chromium (Cr) > manganese (Mn) > cadmium (Cd) > arsenic (As) > selenium (Se) > cobalt (Co). Among the studies that investigated heavy metals in Pistacia species around the world, the non-carcinogenic risk for all species of Pistacia was determined to be less than 1, except for Pb and Hg in Pistacia lentiscus.
Originality/value
The soil near the industrial area contained excessive amounts of heavy metals, which led to the transfer of heavy metals to plants. Owing to the insufficiency of the number of studies that examined heavy metals in Pistacia species, further monitoring and investigations were recommended.
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