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Fifty school superintendents were interviewed about incidents of serious misconduct by school personnel. The superintendents indicated that they case managed the incidents, acting quickly but mindful of due process. The incidents dealt mainly with violations of broad community norms. Comparisons were made with a previous study of school principals. It was suggested that institutional organisations theory′s blanket emphasis on ritualistic legitimation, the logic of confidence, and normative as opposed to technical assessment of schools is too strong.

The purpose of this paper is to conduct the accurate analysis and systematic characterisation of realistic generalised bi‐isotropic and lossy chiral metamaterial 3D applications at microwave frequencies.

An accuracy‐adjustable time‐domain methodology is developed. The technique uses a convex combination of optimal stencils along with an advanced wavefield decomposition to precisely model the highly dispersive, double negative nature of chirality and constitutive parameters. Furthermore, open‐region radiation or scattering problems are terminated through a pertinently modified perfectly matched layer (PML) of variable depth.

The paper reveals that the proposed algorithm is versatile in the generation of adaptive stencils that attain a very natural way of manipulating continuity conditions at material interfaces. Thus, when periodic structures with split‐ring resonators are to be modelled, the resulting schemes attain optimal precision and minimised dispersion errors. Numerical validation proves these merits via diverse demanding structures of curved shape and multiple layers.

The new technique introduces a family of piecewise polynomials and spatial discretization criteria which lead to additional degrees of freedom for the discrete vectors of the application. In this manner, grid dual is intrinsically embedded in the physical profile of the problem, without resorting to the simplified conventions of other approaches. Moreover, singularity points or demanding geometric discontinuities are properly manipulated, even via coarse lattice resolutions. Thus, the overall accuracy is significantly improved and the computational requirements remain in very logical and affordable levels.

This conceptual paper aims to explore the possibility of human beings reaching a virtual form of immortality.

The paper is an investigation of the path from an early example of human knowledge to the birth of artificial intelligence (AI) and robots. A critical analysis of different point of views, from philosophers to scientists, is presented.

From ancient rock art paintings to the moon landing, human knowledge has made a huge progress to the point of creating robots resembling human features. While these humanoid robots can successfully undertake risky tasks, they also generate ethical issues for the society they interact with.

The paper is conceptual, and it does attempt to provide one theory by which human beings can achieve the dream of immortality. It is part of a work in progress on the use of AI and the issues related to the creation/use of humanoid robots in society.

This paper provides an overview of some of the key issues and themes impacting our modern society. Its originality resides in the linking of human knowledge to collective knowledge and then of collective mind to the hyper-collective mind. The idea of humans reaching immortality is burdened by the imperative need to define ethical guidelines for the field of AI and its uses.

Information technology (IT) governance (ITG) is a complex concept that researchers are still exploring in many dimensions. The literature in this area has grown at a fast pace. It required a review article to make sense of the growing body of literature. This study aims to provide a comprehensive view of ITG for understanding this phenomenon.

The framework of systematicity and transparency is used to search, select and report relevant articles. This study synthesized the identified pool of articles by using thematic analysis, wherein each article was attached to various identified categories.

This study presents a comprehensive overview of the ITG literature space, including themes and subthemes. It highlights future research avenues and identifies gaps in the ITG area.

Information system researchers and senior practitioners can use this literature review to overview the up-to-date ITG literature. It can also be helpful for non-information system researchers who intend to conduct multi-disciplinary research.

This research looks at the ITG literature space by considering up-to-date literature and a fresh perspective.

Gives a bibliographical review of the finite element meshing and remeshing from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. Topics such as adaptive techniques for meshing and remeshing, parallel processing in the finite element modelling, etc. are also included. The bibliography at the end of this paper contains 1,727 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations dealing with presented subjects that were published between 1990 and 2001.

The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, this paper documents an analysis of mentorship models within the profession of nursing from the 1940s onward. From this analysis, the author was able to categorize the evolution of mentorship models within nursing. Second, this paper identifies four specific contemporary challenges within nursing which relate directly to mentorship. Last, this paper attempts to place a nursing student peer mentorship model in context to best understand how it can benefit the profession of nursing and help address the four identified contemporary challenges within nursing.

The theoretical, philosophical, and research roots that have shaped and informed mentorship models in nursing are examined. The strengths and limitations of nursing mentorship models are analyzed in relation to contemporary challenges in nursing education and practice with a focus on undergraduate peer mentorship. This was achieved through a comprehensive literature review that examined mentorship in nursing from approximately 1940 to the present.

Since Nightingale’s time, five specific mentoring models have been created and adapted within the nursing profession. The five mentorship models identified within this paper are most prevalent within current and previous nursing mentorship literature and demonstrate how models within nursing have evolved from those positing a relatively paternalistic relationship to those favoring more collaborative and reciprocal relations between mentor and mentee. Further, it is argued in this paper that a nursing student peer mentorship model can assist in addressing four challenges which currently face the profession of nursing. These four challenges (which are prevalent in nursing literature) are mentoring as a professional responsibility, projected nursing shortages, communication in nursing, and the development of critical thinking skills.

A limitation of this paper includes the fact that, despite the many challenges facing the profession of nursing today, this paper focuses on only four identified challenges. As it is impossible for one paper to address all of the contemporary challenges which face nursing today, as articulated below, this paper addresses four identified challenges because they relate to mentorship, nursing education, and nursing practice.

Providing opportunities for nursing students to participate in a peer mentoring relationship assists future nurses and the profession as a whole by generating tangible benefits. These benefits include an exposure to theories and models of mentorship and skills to help them fulfill their future professional responsibility of mentoring, development of relationships and skills that can increase both nurse and student retention, and improved communication and critical thinking skills. Last, this study can help nursing schools to identify and work with theories and models of mentorship that will improve their ability to stimulate critical thinking among their students.

This paper fills a gap in the literature by providing an analysis of the theoretical, philosophical, and research roots that have shaped and informed mentorship models in nursing from the 1940s onward. This analysis suggests that student peer mentorship may be the most effective model to address these four challenges in nursing: mentoring as a professional responsibility, projected nursing shortages, communication in nursing, and the development of critical thinking skills. This paper has the potential to make a timely contribution to the global debate regarding mentoring across the healthcare professions.