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Having taken up our position on the above definition of this fundamental point, which closes the long‐standing discussion between upholders of the airscrew and those of the reaction system (just as in earlier days the distinction between impulse and work closed the classic discussion between the followers of Leibnitz and Descartes), we must now admit, without going into details, that this supposed attainment of equal efficiencies cannot be considered easy, if even possible, for the normal speeds of flight. It must also be admitted that a power unit, consisting of engine, compressor and jet, is at first sight a unit more complex, heavier and more bulky than the ordinary engine‐airscrew unit which has now been reduced to a high degree of simplicity and neatness. There is no doubt at all that in the sphere of the sub‐acoustic velocities the airscrew will reign supreme.

FOR the purposes of this paper the prefixes hyper and super, which, etymologically, have the same essential signification, are given different meanings: to the first a sense of distance, and to the second a sense of altitude.

MANY forecasts have from time to time been uttered of the ultimate possibilities of really high‐speed flying, by comparison with which the speed even of the present‐day Schneider Trophy seaplane would seem low. Startling prophecies have also been issued to a bewildered public of the results that might be obtainable by climbing to regions of rarefied air high above the earth's surface. But all these glimpses into the future have been in the realm of phantasy and the figures accompanying them were guesses produced by the imaginations of the authors.

Part I—The Jet Propulsion Engine IN a study of high‐speed flight presented to the Accademia dei Lincei in 1926 (G. A. Crocco, The Possibilities of Super‐Aviation, February 7th, 1926) an outline was given of the problem of ‘super‐aviation’, i.e. flight in excess of the speed of sound and made economical by operating in the stratosphere. Then in 1931 (G. A. Crocco, Aerodynamic Bodies of Negative Resistance, Rendiconti Lincei, June 12th, 1931), a jet‐reaction engine in which the external air was entrapped was described as representing a possible solution of this problem; the principle was indicated diagrammatically as long ago as 1931 by Lorin.

I WISH to thank the President and the Royal Society of Italy for the honour they have conferred by inviting me to read this paper before the 5th Volta Congress as part of a discussion on high speeds in aviation. The contributions which General Crocco has made to this subject have been valuable and stimulating. In the present paper the general question of high airscrew tip speeds is considered and the results obtained from model airscrew tests are reviewed.

DETAILS have recently been published of work undertaken at the Aeronautical Engineering School in Rome in connexion with stratospheric aero‐engines, started just before the war, and more particularly on the exothermic decomposition of nitromethane as a possible fuel in such engines. (La Chim. e l'Ind. 1949, XXXI (12) pp. 436–439.) The author is R. M. Corelli of the Institute of Aeronautical Material Technology, University of Rome, who was mainly responsible for the chemical side of the research. He worked in close collaboration with Professor Gen. G. A. Crocco and Professor Ing. Luigi Crocco. The first results on a large scale were unsuccessful.

The purpose of this study is to understand the scope and nature of information sharing as a form of workplace learning among gig workers.

Data were collected from public social media communities of gig workers in Thailand. In total, 338 posts and 3,022 comments on the posts were analyzed (data corpus N = 3,360). Thailand was selected for the context of this study given its high level of social media penetration, a high percentage of digital service consumption of internet users and the prevalence of app-based gig workers. This study used thematic analysis using inductive and semantic coding to generate themes.

Findings showed two overarching themes of information sharing, which included on-the-job experience and inquiries. One surprising finding was the extent to which gig workers used social media to help others even when it potentially undermined their success.

This study adds evidence to the role of information sharing in workplace learning and illustrates how gig workers who do not have access to traditional training and learning opportunities use social media communities to fill this need.

Given the surge of digitalization and internet infrastructure leading to the rise of gig work worldwide, this study provides a closer look at how gig workers are using social media communities to facilitate workplace learning and support one another amid otherwise difficult and insecure working conditions. It also discusses the role that culture plays in facilitating a cooperative rather than a competitive environment among drivers.

Under this heading are published regularly abstracts of all Reports and Memoranda of the Aeronautical Research Council, Reports and Technical Memoranda of the United States National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and publications of other similar Research Bodies as issued

At the outbreak of the War only England, France and the U.S.A. had properly‐organised teaching and research establishments for the science of aeronautics. During the war, the programme of these and other hastily‐prepared laboratories was directed to the immediate military needs, and it was not till the great strides in the development of civil aviation of ten years ago commenced that state‐aided research laboratories and professorships in aeronautics were created in a number of continental countries. Italy, energised by her new risorgimento, was one of the first to recognise the importance of setting up “schools” of research in aeronautics, and of these the Royal School of Aeronautical Engineering at Rome, with General Crocco at its head, is one of the most important. The present volume, dated rather grandiloquently from Rome “at Easter in the year VIII,” would not be called in England an “elementary” treatise. Rather, it is a complete textbook of applied aero‐dynamics which must surely cover the greater part of the syllabus “professed” at the School. Not the least important part are the hundreds (literally) of polar and drag curves of various sections, alone and incorporated in complete machines, including data with regard to slotted wings and fuselages. The majority of these emanate from the A.R.C., N.A.C.A., Göttingen and Moscow, but some are data obtained in the new laboratories at Rome itself.

Focusing on gender as an aspect of diversity, the purpose of this paper is to review social studies research on technology, and suggest a new direction, with gender redefined from a gap to be eliminated to a difference to be explored.

This paper is a literature review of research on gender, technology, and social studies from 1987 to 2007.

Previously, men had more access and used more types of technology than women, but a shift to web‐based computing eliminates some gender gaps. Women dominate online communication. Although “male” technology culture interferes with girls' self‐efficacy in schools and potential computer careers, the new Web 2.0 “participatory culture” holds promise because it relies on collaboration and networking, two well documented female strengths.

The gap notion of gender is questionable because: technology culture has been constructed as male; and social studies education, where women greatly out number men, pays little attention to gender. Evidence suggests that girls and women use technology well when it serves their interests, which may not be the same as men's. Defining gender as difference helps researchers answer calls to integrate “21st century literacies” into future studies and put gender equity at the center of future technology policy.

Very little has been written about gender as a facet of multicultural social studies education in its relation to social studies.