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The purpose of this paper is to set out a method for evaluating environmental impacts in the area of gas stations.

The design and implementation of this study followed steps that enabled a survey to be conducted by combining a wide variety of sources and bibliographical material, such as manuals, regulations, standards, laws and articles necessary for drawing up the model and the indicators of environmental impacts; and next the authors used two case studies to test the proposed model and exemplify the application.

This research identified the sources that cause adverse environmental impacts and the main preventive actions, as well as those for eliminating environmental impacts caused by the activities of the gas stations, so was possible developing a model which evaluated the real environmental situation of gas stations, using indicators to identify opportunities for improvements in the enterprises with ISO 14001 certification and non‐certificated enterprises.

This study used some international standards and some specific laws from Brazil, but it can be adapted to the current standards for gas stations in other countries.

Based on findings, it is believed that by using the model proposed in this research study, it is possible to diagnose the real environmental situation of the gas stations, thereby contributing to the preservation of the environment, sustainable development and above all to improving people's quality of life.

The originality of this study is the development of a viable model that can be used by enterprise, researchers and governmental environmental agencies for evaluating the environmental impacts of gas stations, integrating four different variables.

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of gas stations where skimmer attacks occurred in a sample of Texas gas stations between 2019 and 2021. This paper seeks to contribute to the literature related to payment card fraud at the gas pump by providing one of the first examinations of the gas stations where gas pump skimming is known to have occurred.

Using data collected from a Texas state regulatory agency between 2021, the authors examine characteristics of gas stations where a gas pump skimming was detected.

Results suggest that the presence of a surveillance camera system was significantly related to gas pump skimmer detection for gas stations in both urban and rural areas. Europay chip readers were not present in any of the pumps where a skimmer attack was detected.

Gas pump skimming is a form of payment card fraud that costs upwards of US$11bn a year in the USA alone. Gas pump skimming occurs when electronic devices are illegally installed fuel pumps to capture data or record cardholders’ personal identification numbers. This is among the first studies to use data obtained from a state agency with specific information regarding each individual occurrence of gas pump skimming. As such, the paper makes a unique contribution by exploring specific characteristics of gas stations where skimming and ultimately payment card fraud, occurred.

Diffusion of a new technology and its required infrastructure is a complex process involving various adaptive decision makers interacting with each other, and this is extremely true in diffusion of alternative fuel vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics of alternative fuel vehicles/infrastructure diffusion through a case study about the diffusion of NGVs (natural gas vehicles) in Shanghai, China.

This paper first provides a case study of the adoption of NGVs in Shanghai; then the major infrastructure and economic indicators, obstacles in the market penetration process are analyzed. Finally, an agent‐based model is established to simulate the diffusion of NGVs in Shanghai.

The findings show that several factors limited the adoption of NGV in Shanghai. The initial distribution of refueling stations can be critical to determining whether the technology/infrastructure system survives to become mature and successful. Therefore, the strong support offered to consumers and equipment suppliers from government is important for the market penetration. These findings are also applicable to other alternative fuel vehicles such as hydrogen.

Little real‐world observations have been carried out on the dynamics of alternative fuel vehicles/infrastructure. The paper can enrich people's understanding about the dynamics of diffusion of alternative fuel vehicles/infrastructure and gives policy implications for initializing and keeping a successful demonstration project.

Dramatic changes have taken place in the UK gas industry, particularly within the last decade. It is therefore helpful to briefly consider these changes and the role of research and development within the industry so as to provide a backcloth to the subsequent descriptions of R & D information services.

The increasingly improved automotive vehicle production technology has allowed consumers to purchase passenger cars and commercial vehicles at reasonably affordable prices. This has resulted in greater demands for the construction and installation of motor fuel dispensing facilities, or simply “gas stations”, in virtually all urban districts worldwide. However, unlike most consumer products, which are designed to be fire resistant, highly flammable gasoline dispensed at these facilities is intended and formulated to burn. Therefore, fire safety of motor fuel dispensing facilitates becomes a major concern since these facilities form one of the greatest fire hazards that millions of people visit everyday. This paper seeks to address this issue.

This paper reviews the current international and local legislation and requirements on fire safety in gas station facilities, and presents the findings of a case study conducted to evaluate fire prevention measures and fire protection equipment in five gas station facilities located in the growing City of Al‐Khobar, Saudi Arabia, where dispensing of motor fuel is carried out in an outside shaded area by station attendants.

The evaluation revealed that none of the five gas stations is complying with all fire safety regulations. Recommendations are made to improve fire safety at such facilities by regular inspection and evaluation.

Although the results are limited to Saudi Arabia the approach taken could be extended to other geographical areas.

The paper is of practical value to facility managers responsible for day‐to‐day operations of gas station facilities.

The paper reviews literature from North America as well as that pertaining to the legislation in the country where the case study facilities are located.

Students are expected to integrate decision-making tools and frameworks to create decisions under uncertainty. Students are expected to understand the general business process of fuel retail industry.

PT. Pertamina Retail (PTPR) is a subsidiary of PT. Pertamina, an Indonesian state-owned oil and natural gas company. In the first quarter of 2020, PTPR’s sales volume decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic’s large-scale social restrictions. Iin Febrian was just appointed as President Director in March 2020; he must formulate a survival strategy facing COVID-19 pandemic uncertainties. The case elaborates on PTPR’s decision to expand immediately or hold. Scenarios and expected values have been given to simplifying the calculation of a decision tree. The case also challenges students to think critically on providing a strategy to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond using decision tree analysis and BCG Matrix or Ansoff Matrix.

BA level and MBA program in Decision Analysis Course or Strategic Management Course.

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

CSS 11: Strategy.

As of December 2022, there were 119,000 gas stations, 10,800 gas stations and 4,488,000 charging piles nationwide, while the number of vehicles reached 312 million, including 11.49 million new energy vehicles. The imbalance between transportation energy supply and energy replenishment demand leads to crowded queues of vehicles at some stations and idle resources in others. How to reduce the phenomenon of large queues and improve the utilization rate of idle resources is the key to alleviating the imbalance between supply and demand.

Therefore, from the perspective of spatio-temporal equilibrium of urban transportation energy supply stations, multi-energy supply station cooperation is established in view of the phenomenon of large spatio-temporal differences among different energy supply stations, and corresponding inducing strategies are adopted for energy supplement vehicles in the road network, so that part of queued users go to energy supply stations with fewer vehicles, so as to balance the supply and demand of transportation energy in the region. On this basis, the income distribution of urban transportation energy supply station is discussed.

The total revenue after the cooperation was 13,095, an increase of 22.9%. Secondly, in terms of distribution rationality, three impact factors are selected and Shapley correction value is used to distribute the total income. Compared with independent operation, both sites have a certain degree of increase.

Traffic congestion at energy supply stations is closely related to the number, location and number of vehicles at energy supply stations. Therefore, using a cooperative approach of energy trading cannot solve the queuing problem. In addition, there are a few research results on the equalization of energy supply station services considering time-of-use pricing. However, these studies do not consider the vehicular grooming at congested stations. As far as the authors know, there are no relevant research results in the research on the service equilibrium of energy supply stations based on cooperative games.

This chapter outlines the potential market of methane (especially LNG) as vehicle fuel in Europe and China.

A comprehensive report on the existing framework in terms of market capacity, regulations, and incentives is presented. Moreover, the feasibility of using biogas as environmental friendly source gas is considered.

The transport sector represents a major element in the global balance of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Natural gas is considered the alternative fuel that, in the short-medium term, can best substitute conventional fuels in order to reduce their environmental impact, because it is readily available at a competitive price, using technologies that are already in widespread use. It can be used as compressed gas (CNG) or in the liquid phase (LNG). The former is more suitable for light vehicles, while the latter for heavy-duty vehicles. Some barriers need to be overcome for the diffusion of this alternative fuel, especially concerning the supply problem. The incentive policy has been shown to cover a major influence in the feasibility evaluation.

This work shows the state of the art of natural gas as fuel, especially from biogas source, in Europe and China and assesses the incentive scheme necessary to make liquefied biomethane feasible on the basis of the existing scenario in Italy.

In this paper, the performance of a specific gas station (Parvin) has been studied and investigated. The purpose of this research is to design a second-order regression model based on simulated data to optimize the queuing system in line with the fuel sales and costs. Thus, the influential variables including the number of pumps and the number of pump operators need to be optimally determined.

The simulation was combined with design of experiments (DoE) techniques to achieve a predictable model for optimizing Gas Station performance considering both the sales rate and the queue length. First, the Gas Station was simulated with Arena software, and then by using DoE and response surface methodology (RSM), the gas station performance was optimized in terms of three objectives including costs. A face-centered central composite design (CCD) has been implemented to reach the optimal number of pumps and pump workers.

The results of the optimization model derived from the CCD indicate that the performance of the Gas Station system has been improved considerably. Moreover, after the detailed study of optimization and RSM outputs, it seems that the variations of both the pumps and the number of pump operators have significant impacts on the performance of the Gas Station including costs, sales rate and queue length.

In general, it has been proved that simulation-based RSM can be considered as a powerful and effective technique in both single and multi-objective experimental optimization. The present study has been able to help managers to make decisions and conduct the Gas Station in critical conditions in different hours of a day.