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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1989

Lorna Daly

The sale of irradiated food is currently prohibited in the UnitedKingdom under The Food (Control of Irradiation) Regulations 1967. Thissituation seems likely to change given first…

Abstract

The sale of irradiated food is currently prohibited in the United Kingdom under The Food (Control of Irradiation) Regulations 1967. This situation seems likely to change given first the recommendation by a number of expert committees that irradiated food is safe and wholesome, and second the current need to complete the EEC internal market for food in a situation where several member states already permit the sale of irradiated produce. The controversy surrounding the irradiated food issue is, in part, politically inspired. In particular, the issue has served to articulate concern over the lack of consumer representation in food policy decision making forums, both at the UK and European level. Consumer resistance to the technology for the most part, however, reflects an exaggeration of the perceived risks associated with buying and consuming irradiated foods, together with a negative evaluation of the benefits that the process offers. Consumers perceive these benefits as accruing mainly to the food industry. The difficulty that consumers have in believing that they, too, can share in these benefits stems from the way in which consumers make sense of the knowledge that they possess about food. It is this problem which needs to be addressed.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 91 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 7 June 2022

Wan Yusmawati Wan Yusoff, Norliza Ismail, Nur Farisa Nadia Mohmad Lehan, Azuraida Amat, Ku Zarina Ku Ahmad, Azman Jalar and Irman Abdul Rahman

This paper aims to investigate the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on the micromechanical response (hardness properties and creep behaviour) of 96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on the micromechanical response (hardness properties and creep behaviour) of 96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder alloys.

Design/methodology/approach

SAC305 solder pastes deposited on printed circuit boards (PCBs) were subjected to a reflow soldering process to form soldered samples. The soldered samples were irradiated with a gamma source at different doses (5–50 Gy). Nanoindentation testing was used to determine the hardness properties and creep behaviour after gamma irradiation.

Findings

The results showed that the hardness of SAC305 solder alloys gradually increased up to 15 Gy and then gradually decreased to 50 Gy of gamma irradiation. The highest hardness value (0.37 GPa) was observed on SAC305 solder alloys exposed to 15 Gy irradiation. Hardening of SAC305 solder alloy was suggested to be due to the high defect density induced by the gamma irradiation. Meanwhile, exposure to 50 Gy irradiation resulted in the lowest hardness value, 0.13 GPa. The softening behaviour of SAC305 solder alloy was probably due to the evolution of defect size in the solder joint. In addition, the creep behaviour of the SAC305 solder alloys changed significantly with different gamma irradiation doses. The creep rates were higher at a dose of 10 Gy up to a dose of 50 Gy. Gamma irradiation caused the SAC305 solder alloy to become more ductile compared to the non-irradiated alloy. The stress exponent also showed different deformation mechanisms with varying gamma doses.

Originality/value

Research into the micromechanical properties of solder alloys subjected to gamma irradiation has rarely been reported, especially for Sn-Ag-Cu lead-free solder. Thus, this research provides a fundamental understanding of the micromechanical response (hardness and creep behaviour) of solder, especially lead-free solder alloy, to gamma irradiation.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 35 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 October 2019

Sameh Mohamed Gafar and Nehad Magdy Abdel-Kader

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of gamma-rays on murexide (Mx) dye and its possible use as radiation dosimeters in two different dosimetry systems. The first…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of gamma-rays on murexide (Mx) dye and its possible use as radiation dosimeters in two different dosimetry systems. The first system depends on the Mx dye as a liquid dosimeter. The second dosimetry system depends also on the same dye but as in a gel form, which is more sensitive to gamma-rays.

Design/methodology/approach

The prepared Mx (solutions/gels) have a considerable two peaks at 324 and 521 nm that upon irradiation, the intensity of these peaks decreases with the increasing radiation dose.

Findings

The gamma-ray absorbed dose for these dosimeters was found to be up to 2 kGy for the solution samples and 40 Gy for the gels. Radiation chemical yield, dose response function, radiation sensitivity and before and after-irradiation stability under various conditions were discussed and studied.

Practical implications

It is expected that the radiolysis of the Mx dye can be used as radiation dosimeters in two different dosimetry systems; liquid and gel dosimeters. This can be applied in a wide range of gamma radiation practical industrial applications in water treatment, food irradiation dosimeters, radiotherapy and fresh food irradiation and seed production.

Originality/value

Both of the prepared Mx dyes, either as solutions or gel samples, can be facilely prepared from commercially, cheap, safe, available chemicals and suitable for useful applied Mx solutions and gels radiation dosimeters.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 48 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 28 June 2011

Robert Bogue

The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of recent developments in electromagnetic radiation (EMR) sensing.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of recent developments in electromagnetic radiation (EMR) sensing.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a short introduction, this paper discusses a selection of recent research and development activities concerning the sensing of gamma radiation, X‐rays and ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Findings

This shows that novel sensors are being developed for all of these classes of EMR. Improved gamma sensors are attracting strong interest in the USA, reflecting concerns regarding nuclear security. Novel X‐ray and UV sensors are often being developed in response to new and emerging uses of these types of radiation.

Originality/value

This paper provides a technical review of recent research into sensors for detecting gamma radiation, X‐rays and UV radiation.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 31 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2011

Iram Batool, Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, Shahid Adeel and Muhammad Abbas

The effect of gamma radiation on the dyeing of cotton with Reactive Blue 13 dye powder has been investigated. The cotton and dye powder are irradiated to absorb doses of 100, 200…

Abstract

The effect of gamma radiation on the dyeing of cotton with Reactive Blue 13 dye powder has been investigated. The cotton and dye powder are irradiated to absorb doses of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 Gy by using a Co-60 gamma irradiator. Dyeing is performed by using irradiated and un-irradiated cotton with irradiated and un-irradiated dye powder, in order to observe the effect of radiation treatment on the colour strength of the reactive dye on cotton. Different dyeing parameters such as temperature, time and p H are optimized using irradiated cotton and dye powder. The effect of gamma irradiation on the colour strength and Lab values has been observed through optimized conditions of dyeing. The colour strength and Lab values are obtained by spectra flash spectrophotometer (SF650). ISO standard methods are employed to study the effect of gamma radiation on the Colourfastness properties of fabric. It can be demonstrated that gamma irradiation not only improves the colour strength of the dye in irradiated cotton, but also enhances the Colourfastness properties.

Details

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, vol. 15 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1560-6074

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 August 2021

Nehad Magdy and Sameh Gafar

The purpose of this research paper is to study a comparison between two dosimetry systems, both of them based on basic violet dye (BV).

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this research paper is to study a comparison between two dosimetry systems, both of them based on basic violet dye (BV).

Design/methodology/approach

The first system depends on (BV) (incorporating polyvinyl alcohol) as a thin-film dosimeter. The second system also relies on (BV) as a solution dosimeter, which is more sensitive to gamma rays. The two prepared film/solutions have a considerable signal that decreases upon irradiation and the strength of the signal decreases with increasing radiation dose.

Findings

The gamma ray absorbed dose for these dosimeters was found to be up to 35 kGy for films and 1 kGy for the liquid phase. All dosimetric characteristics as radiation chemical yield, additive substance, dose-response function, radiation sensitivity, also before and after-irradiation stability under various conditions were considered.

Practical implications

It is expected the vital role of gamma radiation on this dye in its two forms or two media. This reveals their wide applications in the field of gamma irradiation processing.

Originality/value

These two dosimetry systems which depend upon the same dye are safe to handle, inexpensive, available raw materials and can be applied in various dosimetry applications as mentioned above.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 51 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 10 April 2017

Md. Asadul Hoque, Md. Anwarul Kabir Bhuiya, Md. Saiduzzaman, Md. Ashadul Islam and Mubarak A. Khan

This paper aim to comparatively study of mechanical properties of gamma radiation treated raw and polyethylene glycol modified bleached jute reinforced polyester composite. The…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aim to comparatively study of mechanical properties of gamma radiation treated raw and polyethylene glycol modified bleached jute reinforced polyester composite. The natural fiber-reinforced composite has been a wide area of research, and it is the preferred choice due to its superior physical and mechanical properties like low density, stiffness and light weight. Among several natural fibers, jute is one that has good potential as reinforcement in polymer composite. Jute fibers biodegradability, low cost and moderate mechanical properties make it as a preferable reinforcement material in the development of polymer matrix composites.

Design/methodology/approach

In the present work, raw jute fabrics-reinforced polyester composite (as RJPC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified bleached jute fabrics-reinforced polyester composite (as MBJPC) were fabricated by the heat-press molding technique at 120°C for 5 min at a pressure of 5 tons. Prior to the composite formulation, low lignin content bleached jute fabrics were chemically modified with PEG for the better compatibility of the fabrics with the polyester matrix and enhancing elongation properties. All the composites irradiated with different gamma radiation dose in the range of 2 to 14 kGy.

Findings

The irradiated composites showed highest improved of mechanical properties at the 10 kGy γ-radiation dose. However, the hard and sunlight-sensitive high lignin content γ-RJPC showed higher mechanical properties except elongation properties compared to that of low lignin content γ-MBJPC.

Originality/value

After the γ-ray irradiation, both the γ-RJPC and γ-MBJPC developed high degree of cross-linking among the polyester molecules and thereto fabrics with the consequence of significant changed of surface morphology as observed by atomic force microscopy.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 14 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 2004

Khalil Arshak, Olga Korostynska and John Henry

Indium oxide (In2O3) and silicon oxide (SiO) mixtures in the form of thick films pn‐junctions were investigated for gamma radiation dosimetry purposes. Polymer pastes of In2O3 and…

Abstract

Indium oxide (In2O3) and silicon oxide (SiO) mixtures in the form of thick films pn‐junctions were investigated for gamma radiation dosimetry purposes. Polymer pastes of In2O3 and SiO mixtures in various proportions were made of 92 wt per cent of functional material and 8 wt per cent of PVB, while ethyleneglycolmonobutylether was used as a solvent. Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of the films readily endorse the formation of a mixed silicon oxide and indium oxide coating. All devices were exposed to a disc‐type 137Cs source with an activity of 370 kBq. The IV characteristics for the samples were measured after each exposure dose. Results show that the current is increased with the increase in radiation dose to a certain level, exceeding this level resulted in unstable dosimetric characteristics and device damage. The performance parameters of the devices, such as sensitivity to γradiation exposure and working dose region, were found to be highly dependant on the composition of the materials used.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 21 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2006

Khalil Arshak and Olga Korostynska

Combination of a number of sensors with different response parameters into sensor arrays would enhance the overall performance of the radiation detection system. This paper…

Abstract

Purpose

Combination of a number of sensors with different response parameters into sensor arrays would enhance the overall performance of the radiation detection system. This paper presents a conceptual approach to the development of sensor arrays system with instantaneous dose and dose rate readout. A dynamic selection of multiple sensors with various sensitivity and accuracy range is implemented by applying pattern recognition (PR) analysis, which maximizes measurement accuracy. A number of relevant PR methods are discussed.

Design/methodology/approach

Thick films based on NiO, ZnO, In2O3, CeO2, TiO2, CuO and CdO are the key sensing elements in the proposed approach. Pure and carbon‐doped metal oxides were screen‐printed on Si wafers to form pn‐heterojunctions. All devices were exposed to a disc‐type 137 Cs source with an activity of 370 kBq. The values of radiation damage of pn‐junctions were estimated from changes in their current‐voltage characteristics.

Findings

Sensors showed an increase in the values of current with the increase in radiation dose up to certain levels, exceeding these levels results in unstable dosimetric characteristics.

Originality/value

The sensitivity of metal oxide films to γradiation exposure depends on their composition and thickness. Mixing the oxides in different proportions and the addition of conducting particles, such as carbon, alters films susceptibility to radiation. In particular, sensors based on such films have dose response characteristics with certain level of sensitivity and working dose range, conditioned by particular sensing material properties and the device structure.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 26 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 23 August 2021

Mohamad Bekhit, Essam Fahim and Asmaa Sobhy

The purpose of this paper is to fall light on the possibility of using the biopolymer chitosan in gamma dose monitoring.

140

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to fall light on the possibility of using the biopolymer chitosan in gamma dose monitoring.

Design/methodology/approach

The chitosan films were irradiated to gamma rays in the range starting from 10 to 120 kGy at a dose rate of 1.4 kGy/h using 60Co gamma source. The ultra violet and visible (UV/Vis) spectrophotometry were used to examine the optical properties of chitosan film. Also, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to detect and trace any change in structural bands that may take place upon irradiation.

Findings

Increase in optical density of the chitosan film was recorded at 298 nm that correlated with increasing in the absorbed doses. Change in color of the film from pale yellow to denser yellow was detected upon increasing the absorbed doses. The close investigation for UV/Vis and FTIR analysis nominates the chitosan film to be used as a label-dosimeter in the range of 10–120 kGy depending on chitosan concentrations. The chitosan film has an excellent stability in different environmental conditions with ±3.7% uncertainty in measurements (2σ, approximately equal to a 95% confidence level).

Research limitations/implications

Chitosan film may be used as a medium and high-dose monitor with an acceptable overall uncertainty in routine radiation processing

Originality/value

The useful dose range from 10 to 80 kGy was detected for different concentrations of chitosan (0.5, 1, 1.5 Wt%) that correlated with increasing the absorbed dose, which is assigned to the linear parts in the target response curves. For the dose range 10–120 kGy, the film may be used as label dosimeter with detected color change from pale yellow to dense yellow.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 51 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

11 – 20 of 514