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The purpose of this paper is to report the resistance of plasma‐sprayed titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructured coatings in a corrosive environment.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report the resistance of plasma‐sprayed titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructured coatings in a corrosive environment.
Design/methodology/approach
Weight loss studies are performed according to ASTM G31 specifications in 3.5 wt% NaCl. Electrochemical polarization resistance measurements are made according to ASTM G59‐91 specifications. Corrosion resistance in a humid and corrosive environment is determined by exposing the samples in a salt spray chamber for 100 h. Microstructural studies are carried out using an atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope.
Findings
The nanostructured TiO2 coatings offer good resistance to corrosion, as shown by the results of immersion, electrochemical and salt spray studies. The corrosion resistance of the coating is dictated primarily by the geometry of splat lamellae, density of unmelted nanoparticles, magnitude of porosity and surface homogeneity.
Practical implications
The TiO2 nanostructured coatings show promising potential for use as abrasion, wear‐resistant and thermal barrier coatings for service in harsh environments.
Originality/value
The paper relates the corrosion resistance of nanostructured TiO2 coatings to their structure and surface morphology.
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Luis Manuel Becerra Lucatero, David Turcio Ortega, Thangarasu Pandiyan, Narinder Singh, Harpreet Singh and Tejinder Pal Singh Sarao
The purpose of this paper is to study the corrosion inhibition tendency of cigarette waste (water extracts of cigarette butts, WECB) on an iron surface in an acid medium.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the corrosion inhibition tendency of cigarette waste (water extracts of cigarette butts, WECB) on an iron surface in an acid medium.
Design/methodology/approach
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization techniques were used to analyze the performance of WECB on the iron working electrode. Electrochemical polarization curves were used to determine the intensity of the metal corrosion, specifically to see the effectiveness of the anodic and cathodic reactions in the corrosive medium having WECB. Moreover, the electrochemical impedance of WECB with electrode was analyzed qualitatively. The electrochemical data that relate isotherm adsorption of WECB with iron were analyzed; furthermore, the scanning electron microscope was used to analyze morphology change during the corrosion inhibition.
Findings
After analyzing the impedance data, it is seen that there exists a single capacitive semicircle at the higher frequency range corresponding to a one-time constant in the Bode-phase plot. In the polarization curves studies (Tafel slopes), the current densities of both cathodic and anodic branches are greatly affected in the presence of WECB in the corrosive medium, suggesting that WECB performs as a mixed inhibitor. The free energy data and Temkin adsorption isotherm process show that the adsorption process of WECB on the metal surface follows a physisorption. Furthermore, the WECB-coated metal surface analyzed by scanning electron microscopy confirms the corrosion inhibition of WECB in the acid medium.
Research limitations/implications
An in-depth characterization of the corroded scales is recommended to endorse the results of this study.
Social implications
There may be some people who may challenge that the research may encourage smoking; however, if taken positively, the research offers a very cost-effective and eco-friendly solution to tackle the cigarette waste.
Originality/value
Idea of the present work is to reuse the WECB as corrosion inhibitors for the metal surface, as this waste contains large amount of nicotine, which exhibits corrosion inhibition properties. The present work deals with the study of corrosion inhibition properties of WECB on the iron surface in acid medium. The findings of this study can be very useful from scientific, as well as industrial application point of view. Moreover, the research is important as there is no proper recycling process for this waste so as to maintain a clean environment.
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This paper aims to study the explanatory power of demographics, financial behaviors and financial literacy on instances of consumer financial fraud (CFF) among Emirati households.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the explanatory power of demographics, financial behaviors and financial literacy on instances of consumer financial fraud (CFF) among Emirati households.
Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a survey applied to the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE’s) largest federal higher education institution. The authors analyzed the data using generalized linear models, specifically generalized regressions based on both the logit and the probit models. Independent sample tests were also applied to compare the different subgroups considered in this study.
Findings
The authors found that the CFF victims seem to be older with more years of post-secondary education and high monthly credit card balances. When analyzing the probability of Emirati students becoming CFF victims, the authors found that only age, instances of lack of monthly income to cover living costs, and average monthly credit card balance, all have significant and positive explanatory power on the probability of becoming a CFF victim. However, when analyzing the aggregate subsample of all Emirati respondents, only the credit card balance has a positive and significant relationship with such a probability.
Research limitations/implications
The authors used a non-probability sampling method that produced some biases, including a gender bias and an age-related bias. These biases preclude us from making valid inferences and generalizations about the Emirati population.
Originality/value
To the best of authors’ knowledge, no previous research article has studied CFF in the UAE, which constitutes this study’s original contribution.
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Philippe Grégoire, Melanie Rose Dixon, Isabelle Giroux, Christian Jacques, Annie Goulet, James Eaves and Serge Sévigny
Online investment platforms offer an environment that may lead some traders into excessive behaviors akin to gambling. Over the last decade, gambling behaviors associated with the…
Abstract
Purpose
Online investment platforms offer an environment that may lead some traders into excessive behaviors akin to gambling. Over the last decade, gambling behaviors associated with the stock market have attracted the attention of many researchers but the literature on the subject remains scarce. This study aims to present the results of live interviews with a sample (N = 100) of retail investors trading online, and contrasts trading habits with gambling behaviors.
Design/methodology/approach
Participants are divided in three groups according to their score on an adapted version of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (referred to as the PGSI-Trading), and their trading habits and behaviors are compared.
Findings
The authors find that traders with higher PGSI-Trading scores are more likely to display gambling-related behaviors such as trading within a short timeframe, being motivated by making money quickly and experiencing high sensations when trading.
Research limitations/implications
The sample is small but the authors proceeded this way in order to gather some qualitative data that would be helpful to clinicians in the Province of Quebec. The questionnaire used to classify traders at risk of being gamblers (PGSI-Trading) has not been validated.
Practical implications
The findings of this study will be helpful to clinicians who hwork with patients suffering from excessive online stock trading habits.
Social implications
Clinicians observe an increasing number of patients who consult with excessive stock trading habits. This study has brought new information allowing clinicians to better understand how gambling manifests itself on the stock market.
Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the trading habits of individuals classified in terms of their score on an adapted PGSI questionnaire.
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Describes Colombia’s experience over the last decade, during which the country benefited from discovery of a large oil deposit and from a general increase in capital flows to…
Abstract
Describes Colombia’s experience over the last decade, during which the country benefited from discovery of a large oil deposit and from a general increase in capital flows to Latin America: the effect was to increase spending by government and private sector alike, with a resulting doubling of national debt, so that a sudden cessation of foreign capital inflow led to disastrous effects on growth and employment. Relates this to the continuing threat of irregular armies financed by illegal drugs, and assesses the intimidating effect of this on macroeconomic policy making. Argues that increased violence and armed opposition to a legitimate government destroys fiscal and human capital, creates serious disincentives to growth‐enhancing local and foreign investment, and impedes macroeconomic reforms which are needed to handle events like a sudden stop in capital flows or deterioration in the terms of trade.
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Daniel W. Richards and Maryam Safari
Scandals in the Australian financial services industry highlight the conflicts of interest between those who provide financial advice (financial planners) and their clients…
Abstract
Purpose
Scandals in the Australian financial services industry highlight the conflicts of interest between those who provide financial advice (financial planners) and their clients. Disclosure is a potential governance tool to manage these conflicts of interest by reducing asymmetries in information. Yet, the efficacy of disclosure is questionable as scandals persist, so this paper aims to research the effectiveness of disclosure in financial planning.
Design/methodology/approach
This research used a qualitative approach involving the triangulation of data from parliamentary inquiries in financial services with data collected in semi-structured interviews with financial planning professionals.
Findings
The findings draw a clear portrayal of the disclosure requirements and illustrate how disclosure processes are onerous and complex. Starting with detangling the complex interactions between the beneficial role of disclosure in reducing information asymmetry and unethical behaviour and the detrimental effect of information overload, the authors then highlight effective disclosure techniques used by financial planners, including visualisation of material information. The study reveals that financial planners perceive their role as filtering information for clients and ensuring clients’ comprehension, due to the onerous disclosure requirements.
Research limitations/implications
The study is of interest to researchers, practitioners, policymakers and society as it implies that how disclosure occurs is as important as what information is disclosed. Those who wish to foster effective disclosure in the financial services industry need to consider the quantity, quality and process of disclosure. A limitation is the research focusses on financial planning practices and not client outcomes, which could be considered in future research.
Originality/value
The study adds to the understanding of how disclosure is used as a governance tool and how the quantity of information may impede the effectiveness of disclosure in the financial planning industry. In addition, the study identifies and elaborates on the influential factors and best practices for enhancing the disclosure effectiveness by financial planners.
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Minakshi Koundal, Ajay Kumar Singh and Chhaya Sharma
This paper aims to investigate the eco-friendly neodymium tartrate (NdTar) inhibitor for mild steel in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the eco-friendly neodymium tartrate (NdTar) inhibitor for mild steel in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.
Design/methodology/approach
The mild steel 1010 coupon was considered for the current study. Weight loss and the electrochemical methods were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of neodymium chloride (NdCl3) and NdTar on mild steel in NaCl solution. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements were carried out to study the morphology and composition of the film, nature of deposits and corrosion products formed in test media on the corroded steel, with the objective of further analyzing the observed behavior of the two inhibitors.
Findings
Of the two, NdTar performs better than NdCl3 because it shields mild steel surfaces for longer. According to the results, when NdCl3 is present in a corrosive solution, the protective film only comprises Nd/Fe oxide/hydroxide/carbonate. However, when neodymium is coupled with the tartrate group (an organic group) and then added to the NaCl solution, the inhibitor film comprises both bimetallic complexes (Fe-Tar-Nd) and metal oxide/hydroxide/carbonate, which results in a more compact film and has higher inhibition efficiency.
Originality/value
This study evaluated the combined effects of inorganic and organic inhibitors with those of an inorganic inhibitor used alone for mild steel in NaCl solution.
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