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To investigate whether a stock split is still considered a policy that creates value for the underlying company and the rationale behind such action for companies listed on the NASDAQ.

The event study methodology of Strong is employed to examine the announcement effect of stock splits on stock prices.

The results indicate a positive market reaction at the stock split announcement and that the liquidity hypothesis explains well the rationale for the stock splits.

The sample is quite small (57 observations) and the examination period is limited to 1999 and 2000.

Findings are of particular interest to researchers, practitioners and investors that have an interest in firms listed on NASDAQ.

Limited research on the stock price behaviour of firms listed on NASDAQ around stock split announcement date.

Prior to the 1970s, the enrollment of black students in U.S. medical schools was less than 3%. One-third of these students attended the three historically black medical schools that existed at that time. In 1970, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), representing the nation's medical schools, made a commitment for reaching parity of black medical student enrollment to that of the proportion of blacks in the U.S. population. The goal was that the enrollment of black students should reach 12% of total medical school enrollment. Within four years the enrollment of black students more than doubled to 7.5% by 1974. This greater than 100% enrollment increase was attributed to medical schools’ change in their commitment to affirmative action (Petersdorf, Turner, Nickens, & Ready, 1990; Cohen, Gabriel, & Terrell, 2002).

In the two years since the publication of the last volume of this series, the planet has witnessed some devastating environmental events some of which can be attributed to human causes. However, we have also seen the world uniting (except mainly for the United States and Australia) to reduce greenhouse gases and hopefully slowdown global warming. Recognizing that saving the planet from environmental degradation depends on the concerted effort of all countries and entities is a major first step in this rescue effort. Depending on the good graces of countries and companies to voluntarily join this effort however, we believe, is a losing proposition.

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) can be used for monitoring environmental degradation. A comprehensive review of academic and professional literature indicates that the IFRS regime provides useful conceptual and practical frameworks for monitoring firms that are operating in environmentally sensitive industries.

Using qualitative and case study research methods, the financial statements of three environmentally sensitive companies were studied.

The sustainability reports produced by the companies contained both information and propaganda. The credibility of published sustainability reports is unclear. The size and adequacy of the contributions of the companies towards sharing the costs of decommissioning, rehabilitation and restoration of the environment are not disclosed. A new statement is proposed.

Policy implications at national and international level are many.

The paper shows that environment has both financial and non‐financial implications. The effects of environmental degradations on the habitat and society are serious.

The paper contributes to new knowledge in several ways. There are at least three major conclusions from this paper, and the ideas are original.

Purpose – To provide educators an overview of instructional practices in reading that are associated with improved learning outcomes with students K-8 who have a mild-to-moderate learning disability.Design/methodology/approach – The chapter provides a conceptual framework to view the process of reading, discusses foundational reading skills necessary to master word reading, presents two approaches to teaching comprehension, and highlights ways to effectively teach vocabulary.Findings – The content of this chapter presents empirical evidence as well as specific examples for clinical practice.Research limitations/implications – This chapter highlights key practices that have been extensively researched and found to be associated with improved learning outcomes for all students, including those with learning disabilities (LD).Practical implications – The chapter offers a wealth of information to help educators more effectively provide reading instruction for struggling readers K-8.Originality/value of chapter – The information compiled in this chapter will help teachers impact learning and reading outcomes for all of their students, particularly those who have a mild-to-moderate LD.

Stafford Beer developed managerial cybernetics, but there were many facets of his work. Most of his work concerned epistemology, and little concerned ontology. Not all of the aspects or implications of his work has been fully recognised, and an attempt shall be made to explore one of these. In particular, this paper explores his paradigm by considering some of the epistemologically and ontological angles. Some of the implications for Beer's work will also be shown to have led to the creation of a virtual paradigm capable of exploring his achievements “externally”, after Gödel.