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Following the discussion at our recent Annual General Meeting, a questionnaire was sent out to all members. Almost half of them replied despite the fact that the time allowed for returning the questionnaire had been kept very short. Some members even provided detailed comments.

This event, the first sponsored by ISHM, takes place in Pardubice on the 19–20 November 1991. Pardubice is a town of some 100,000 inhabitants about 60 miles east of Prague. A welcome is extended to all ISHM Chapter members.

ISHM invites papers for the above Conference, to be held on 29–31 May 1991 in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Papers should cover areas such as: design, manufacturing, packaging and interconnection, materials and processing, applications, reliability, components, new technologies, marketing and economics, optoelectronics. Summaries should be in English, length 200–300 words. The deadline for receipt of summaries is 30 September 1990. (For full details, see announcement on pp. 54–55.)

Silver and other metals can exhibit dendritic short‐circuit growth caused by electrochemical migration in conductor‐insulator structures. Detailed analysis of migration‐free thick film systems using migration‐free conductors has demonstrated that not only metallic components, but also dielectric constituent materials can contribute to the formation of migrated shorts after a chemical reduction process.

In Hungary, as in other Central and Eastern European countries, the concept of social enterprise (SE) has attracted increased attention in recent years, with certain key actors shaping the organisational field. This growing interest is largely because of the availability of European Union funds focussing on the work integration of disadvantaged groups but ignoring other possible roles of SEs. This study aims to consider a seldom examined and underfunded area: SEs’ institutional environment and organisational activities in the social and health sectors.

Based on neoinstitutional theory, the paper uses desk research and qualitative case studies. It presents the experiences of SEs providing social and health services for specific disadvantaged groups.

This paper identified the key actors influencing the everyday operation of SEs and examined their connections, interactions and partnerships. Based on the findings, SEs primarily depend on the central state, public social and health institutions and local governments. At the same time, their connections with private customers, networks, development and support organisations, third sector organisations and for-profit enterprises are less significant. The key actors have a relevant impact on the legal form, main activities and the financial and human resources of SEs. SEs, however, have little influence on their institutional environment.

The paper contributes to understanding the opportunities and barriers of SEs in Hungary and, more generally, in Central and Eastern Europe, especially regarding their place in social and health services.

Pervasive complementarity among agents, variables and their relations is a strong manifestation of unity in the real world. It is explained in various ways within scientific systems and in alternative ways of viewing resource allocation from that in neoclassical economic theory and its various prototypes. Complementarity among goods, services and factors in neoclassical resource allocation is simply a localized phenomenon. Despite this, bundles of similar goods collect together to re‐establish marginal substitution with other bundles. In systems science, the cessation of complementarity among variables causes the demise of process. Indeed, the most significant influence of economic complementarity is to be found in decision‐making systems. Here strongly interactive ethical principles showing pervasive and strong complementarity reveal themselves. Hence a knowledge‐induced scientific methodology emerges. Yet these scientific dynamic methods that are merely premised on time‐phase, are found to be inadequate in explaining pervasive interactions. Instead, simulation methods reveal important and interesting results premised on the epistemological premise of systemic unity and interactions. We will examine these questions in this paper with respect to the optimal control problem of the calculus of variations, and for multi‐objective decision problems.

Hungarian wine culture has been developing steadily over the past decades. The number of wineries offering quality wine is growing as consumer interest in quality consumption increases. The purpose of this paper is to study the segmentation of the Hungarian wine consumers based on their purchase habits and preferences to identify how this shift towards quality consumption is represented in these segments.

An online survey was conducted in Hungary. Nearly 28,000 consumers filled in the questionnaire. The TwoStep Cluster analysis could handle the large database and variables measured on different measurement scales.

The growing interest towards quality wine in the market is reflected in the study’s segmentation results. The large sample size made it possible to identify a special Hungarian wine consumer group, which has different buying habits than traditional wine consumer segments. Four segments were evolved: ordinary wine consumers, unsophisticated wine consumers, wealthy wine-experts and open-minded consumers. The last two segments seem to be the most valuable groups for high-quality wine producers.

The sample size allowed a relatively novel segmentation, whereby the preferences and purchasing habits of smaller, high-quality wine consumer groups became measurable.