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TEN years ago, Imperial Metal Industries (Kynoch) Ltd. confined their interest in the so‐called new metals (i.e. those not then available for commercial use) to titanium. This metal by itself provided I.M.I. metallurgists and engineers with more than enough headaches, as they learned to cope with its very high melting point, its habit of absorbing deleterious gases and the modifications it imposed on normal metal‐working processes.

MUCH has been written about industrial engineering, especially in regard to American practice, but a good deal of confusion still exists about the whole subject.

The model of a shaft furnace operation is presented in this paper. Aim of this model is to predict concentrations of carbon monoxide and dioxide, the temperature of the lava and the heat losses.

The mathematical model is based on 1D mass and heat balance laws for flue gas, coke and four materials used in a mineral wool production. Process parameters should be optimized for the minimal heat loss and the carbon monoxide concentration while keeping the prescribed lava temperature. The model consists of heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions for coke combustion, dolomite decomposition, rock and coke heating and a rock-melting model. The resulting system of partial differential equations is discretized by the finite volume method and solved with the explicit Euler scheme together with the point-implicit preconditioning of sources in species balance equations.

Numerical results are compared with the measured data on the pilot-scale device and show good agreement. It is found that in the lower region of the furnace, the large amount of carbon monoxide is present despite high oxygen levels.

Based on the numerical model, the parameters of the secondary air stream could be studied (position, volume flux, oxygen enrichment and temperature) to decrease levels of carbon monoxide emissions while keeping lava temperature at needed levels.

The paper includes mathematical and numerical model needed for simulation of shaft furnaces in mineral wool industry. It can be used as a valuable tool for design engineers and furnace operators during research or redesign of existing devices.

The aim of this study is to report the effect of different content of calcium oxide on the process of electromelting magnesia.

The process of molten magnesia was analyzed by finite element simulation and proved by scanning electron microscope.

The results show that with the increase of CaO content, the maximum temperature appreciation increases from 3,616°C To 3,729°C, showing an approximate nonlinear evolution. Low thermal conductivity and low specific heat of CaO result in higher temperature. With the increase of CaO content and temperature, the maximum flow velocity of MgO slag increases from 0.043 to 1.34 mm/s. Under different initial CaO contents, the distribution trend of CaO volume fraction is basically the same, and the CaO volume fraction is evenly distributed between 50 and 225 mm in the furnace.

The influence of different contents of impurity calcium oxide on the process of electromelting magnesia was analyzed and a theoretical system was established.

The purpose of the paper is to illustrate application of the cleaner production concept so as to incorporate environmental protection into business performance. The study analyses areas pertaining to the foundry industry that impact negatively on the environment leading to unsustainable resource utilisation and suggests options for promoting sustainable development within the industry, with specific focus on a foundry in a lower income country (LIC).

Data were collected using the cleaner production (CP) Methodology. Pre‐assessment and assessment was carried out and options generated. The options included both low cost and capital intensive approaches.

The paper finds that the CP approach adopted provides clear guidance for generating options and can be used as a practical basis for managerial decision making and policy formulation. Of major concern is resource depletion and pollution associated with the foundry processes. Used resin sand contains toxic chemicals cause leaching and as such, reclamation of resin sand is suggested. There is need for low income countries (LIC's) to identify the best available technologies (BAT's) that are available within the foundry industry and take these aboard or better still improve on them.

This research developed environmental options that can be applied in the foundry industry. However, it can be said that the findings may have limited global application since the analysis was carried out at one Foundry Company.

The paper focuses on a single foundry factory, since the case study approach was used. As such, environmental indicators and options may vary, since the processes from one foundry to another are bound to differ.

This paper is an attempt at combining theoretical and practical ideas to cover the scope of sustainable manufacturing in the setting of a developing country with a view to identify the lessons that can be learnt and to identify the points of departure when compared with studies done elsewhere. The work informs cleaner production assessment at any level, with a focus of production experiences in the foundry industry in a lower technology, developing economy that is less industrialized. The paper establishes a framework of options that can be applied in the foundry industry and other pollution‐intensive industries.

The British Standards Institution has recently issued new specifications relating to splines and serrations and their gauges.

THE COMPLETION of a six‐year, £6 million programme of modernisation and expansion of the Impalco Aluminium Works at Waunarlwydd, near Swansea, has endowed Wales with one of the finest and most up‐to‐date aluminium plants in Europe.

The purpose of this study is research and development of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)-vortex technology.

The main instruments of research are mathematical modeling. For mathematical modeling used numerical and analytical both methods. For verification was made small copy of facility with forming of vortex in rotating magnetic field.

The design and manufacture of the industrial unit for melting small metal waste in a gas-fired smelt furnace has been completed.

Here shows new algorithm for engineering calculation of arc induction systems with take into account longitudinal edge effect and discrete distribution of current layers. Also shows verification of numerical results. Presented new MHD-technology for forming vortex in electromagnetic field.

A new range of Par‐a‐matic self‐feed, air‐powered tools, which can be mounted at any angle for automatic or semi‐automatic operations, has been produced by Broom and Wade Ltd. They are available in seven speeds from 600 to 17,000 r.p.m. A direct air inlet through the centre of the tool, via enlarged inlet ports, has resulted in a 30 per cent increase in performance over previous models. The increase in power has enabled a 5/16 in. chuck to be fitted as standard to all drill units other than the 5,000 and 17,000 r.p.m. models; a ? in. capacity chuck is an optional extra.