Search results

The need to develop alternatives for fossil fuel energy consumption is mandated by the limit of world oil reserves and the environmental costs associated with their continued use. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate to local farmers the environmental benefits provided by a modified farm implement and to enhance interest in alternative energy systems. The investigators wanted also to evaluate the attitudes among students and the general public in studying energy in lower power applications at Slippery Rock University. This was accomplished through the administration of a purposefully designed survey to 72 subjects who were introduced to alternative energy systems by the investigators at the farmers' fairs. Presents a discussion about every indicator proposed by the research instrument with implications for colleges and universities in gearing curricula toward sustainability. The acquisition of solar powered equipment remains inaccessible for a majority of Pennsylvania farmers. However, this initial evaluation study demonstrates a sincere interest toward solar energy, in an attempt to pursue sustainability a step further, at an institution of higher education, in this prominent agrarian region of the USA.

Recently, many countries have been pushing for a higher share of renewable energy sources, especially wind, in their generation mix. However, the intermittent and uncertain nature of wind power imposes a limit on the extent it can replace the conventional generation resources. In a high wind penetration scenario, the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) offers a solution to the grid operation problems. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the merits of price‐based operation of BESS in a real‐time market with high wind penetration using frequency‐linked pricing.

The authors propose a real‐time market in which real‐time prices are based on the grid frequency. A model for real‐time price‐based operation of a conventional generator and a BESS is presented. Simulations for different wind penetration scenarios are carried out on an isolated area test system. Wind speed sequence is generated using composite wind speed model. A simplified model of wind speed to power conversion is adopted to observe the impact of increase in wind power generation on the grid frequency and the real‐time prices.

The result of simulations show that BESS not only helps in dealing with uncertainty in wind power forecasts, but also reduces the fluctuations in frequency due to wind power's intermittency. Price‐based operation of BESS results in higher operating revenues by discharging it at peak prices and reduces operating costs by charging it at minimum prices.

The study helps in achieving the societal goal of replacing fossil fuel generation by environment friendly generation and reducing green house gas emissions.

The novelty of this paper lies in the use of frequency‐linked pricing in real‐time market and proposing a control algorithm for operating BESS using these price signals.